NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine gives an update on the agency’s Artemis program and the critical role international partnerships have in returning astronauts to the Moon and going on to Mars at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Friday, Oct. 25, 2019, in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

United Arab Emirates Space Agency Director General Mohamed Al Ahbabi meets with NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Thursday, Oct. 24, 2019, in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine and Dr. Johann-Dietrich Worner, Director General, European Space Agency (ESA), answer questions during a Heads of Agency interactive session with students during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Monday, Oct. 21, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Philippe Étienne, French Ambassador to the U.S. speaks to Joseph Williams about virtual reality viewers at the NASA exhibit during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Wednesday, Oct. 23, 2019, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

An audience member dressed in character listens as NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine talks about getting American astronauts to the Moon in the next five years while participating in a Future Con panel discussion at Awesome Con, Saturday, April 27, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Future Con highlights the intersection of science, technology, and science fiction inside D.C.’s largest pop culture event. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Robert Pappalardo, Europa Clipper Project Scientist, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) speaks during a session titled, “Europa Clipper: Making a Mission to Understand Our Place in the Universe” at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Wednesday, Oct. 23, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

European astronaut and professor, Institute of Space Systems, Reinhold Ewald, speaks during an astronaut panel discussion at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Friday, Oct. 25, 2019, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Bill Nye, Chief Executive Officer, The Planetary Society, speaks during a session titled, “Europa Clipper: Making a Mission to Understand Our Place in the Universe” at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Wednesday, Oct. 23, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

An attendee takes a selfie with an RS-25 engine, the same type that will power NASA's Space Launch System, while visiting the NASA exhibit space at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Tuesday, Oct. 22, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Former NASA astronaut Leland Melvin, left, moderates a panel with, from left to right, Roscosmos cosmonaut and executive director for piloted spaceflights, Sergey Krikalev; former NASA astronaut Mary Cleave; former NASA Administrator and astronaut, Charlie Bolden; ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut, André Kuipers; and European astronaut and professor, Institute of Space Systems, Reinhold Ewald, during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Friday, Oct. 25, 2019, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Tom Barclay, Director of the Kepler/K2 Guest Observer Office at NASA's Ames Research Center, speaks about exoplanets and NASA's next exoplanet mission during Sneak Peek Friday at the USA Science and Engineering Festival, Friday, April 6, 2018 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington, DC. The festival is open to the public April 7-8. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Vice President Mike Pence delivers remarks during the opening ceremony of the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Monday, Oct. 21, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

A student asks NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine a question during a Heads of Agency interactive session at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Monday, Oct. 21, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Philippe Étienne, French Ambassador to the U.S., center, and Jean-Yves Le Gall, president of the French space agency, National Centre for Space Studies (CNES), left, speak to NASA astronaut Doug Wheelock at the NASA exhibit during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Wednesday, Oct. 23, 2019, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

An audience member dressed in character listens as NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine talks about getting American astronauts to the Moon in the next five years while participating in a Future Con panel discussion at Awesome Con, Saturday, April 27, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Future Con highlights the intersection of science, technology, and science fiction inside D.C.’s largest pop culture event. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Philippe Étienne, French Ambassador to the U.S. touches a Mars meteorite at the NASA exhibit during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Wednesday, Oct. 23, 2019, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Jean-Yves Le Gall, President of the Centre National d’Études Spatiales (CNES), left, shakes hands with NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine after signing an amendment to the Surface Water and Ocean Topography Mission agreement at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Thursday, Oct. 24, 2019, in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

A baby in a flight suit sits in front of the Artemis sign at the NASA exhibit during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Friday, Oct. 25, 2019, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Jean-Yves Le Gall, President of the Centre National d’Études Spatiales (CNES) talks with NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine during a meeting at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Thursday, Oct. 24, 2019, in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA director of Heliophysics division, Science Mission Directorate, Nicola Fox, speaks at a presentation titled, “The Challenge of Exploring Our Sun - the 60-Year Odyssey to Parker Solar Probe,” during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Wednesday, Oct. 23, 2019, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Acting Chief Technologist Douglas Terrier is interviewed by a member of the media during Sneak Peek Friday at the USA Science and Engineering Festival, Friday, April 6, 2018 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington, DC. The festival is open to the public April 7-8. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Broadway performs are seen as they sing during the opening ceremony of the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Monday, Oct. 21, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

An audience member asks Brian Muirhead, Pre-project Manager of Mars Sample Return at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory a question after he gave a keynote titled “Mars Sample Return Mission Concept Status” at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Wednesday, Oct. 23, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

A student asks a panel of NASA astronauts including Doug Wheelock, Alvin Drew, Jeanette Epps, and former astronauts Janet Kavandi, and Bob Curbeam, a question about their time in space at a STEM day session during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Wednesday, Oct. 23, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Jean-Yves Le Gall, president of the French space agency, National Centre for Space Studies (CNES), tests a robotic arm at the NASA exhibit during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Wednesday, Oct. 23, 2019, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine speaks during the Heads of Agency Plenary of the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Monday, Oct. 21, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Bill Nye, Chief Executive Officer, The Planetary Society, speaks during a session titled, “Europa Clipper: Making a Mission to Understand Our Place in the Universe” at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Wednesday, Oct. 23, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA director of Heliophysics division, Science Mission Directorate, Nicola Fox, speaks at a presentation titled, “The Challenge of Exploring Our Sun - the 60-Year Odyssey to Parker Solar Probe,” during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Wednesday, Oct. 23, 2019, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Former NASA Administrator and astronaut, Charlie Bolden, right, shakes hands with Roscosmos cosmonaut and executive director for piloted spaceflights, Dr. Sergey Krikalev after being presented with the Order of Friendship (Russian Governmental award) during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Friday, Oct. 25, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Attendees learn about NASA's Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite 2, or ICESat-2, during Sneak Peek Friday at the USA Science and Engineering Festival, Friday, April 6, 2018 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington, DC. The festival is open to the public April 7-8. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Former NASA astronaut Bob Curbeam spoke about his time in space at a STEM day session with students during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Wednesday, Oct. 23, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

S. Somanath, Director of Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), during the Heads of Agency press conference at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Monday, Oct. 21, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

An artist illustrates a panel discussion titled, “Europa Clipper: Making a Mission to Understand Our Place in the Universe,” with panelists Robert Pappalardo, Europa Clipper Project Scientist, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); Karen Kirby, Europa Clipper Deputy Project System Engineer, Applied Physics Laboratory (APL); Jennifer Dooley, Europa Clipper Project Systems Engineer, JPL; Thomas Magner, Manager, APL; and Bill Nye, Chief Executive Officer, The Planetary Society, during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Wednesday, Oct. 23, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Jessica Deihl, an attorney at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, left, Christine Pham, an attorney at NASA Headquarters, Bill Johnson, an attorney at NASA’s Glenn Research Center, David Lopez, an attorney at NASA Headquarters, Brian Stanford an attorney at NASA Headquarters, and Lisette Washington an attorney at NASA Headquarters, are seen during a “The Moon/Mars Generation Lawyers: A Discussion of the Legal Framework Taking NASA Back to the Future” at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Thursday, Oct. 24, 2019, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Jennifer Dooley, Europa Clipper Project Systems Engineer, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), speaks during a session titled, “Europa Clipper: Making a Mission to Understand Our Place in the Universe” at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Wednesday, Oct. 23, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Dr. Johann-Dietrich Worner, Director General, European Space Agency (ESA), second from right, and NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine, right, answer questions during a Heads of Agency interactive session with students during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Monday, Oct. 21, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA's Kristen Erickson speaks about educational science resources during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Friday, Oct. 25, 2019, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA astronaut Doug Wheelock, left, Rick Armstrong, son of Apollo 11 astronaut Neil Armstrong, second from left, Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin, second from right, and John Logsdon, Apollo historian and Professor Emeritus at George Washington University, right, are seen during a panel discussion during the International Astronautical Federation World Space Award highlight lecture at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Thursday, Oct. 24, 2019, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. The 2019 World Space Award was presented to the crew of Apollo 11. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine is seen as he tours the exhibit hall at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Monday, Oct. 21, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Former NASA astronaut Leland Melvin, left, moderates a panel with, from left to right, Roscosmos cosmonaut and executive director for piloted spaceflights, Sergey Krikalev; former NASA astronaut Mary Cleave; former NASA Administrator and astronaut, Charlie Bolden; ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut, André Kuipers; and European astronaut and professor, Institute of Space Systems, Reinhold Ewald, during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Friday, Oct. 25, 2019, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Former NASA astronaut Leland Melvin, left, moderates a panel with, from left to right, Roscosmos cosmonaut and executive director for piloted spaceflights, Sergey Krikalev; former NASA astronaut Mary Cleave, former NASA Administrator and astronaut, Charlie Bolden; ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut, André Kuipers (not pictured); and European astronaut and professor, Institute of Space Systems, Reinhold Ewald, during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Friday, Oct. 25, 2019, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Jennifer Fogarty, Chief Scientist for NASA’s Human Research Program, is seen during a discussion titled “ISS-Moon-Mars: Using Spaceflight Platforms to Study and Simulate Future Missions” during the the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Monday, Oct. 21, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

John Logsdon, Apollo historian and Professor Emeritus at George Washington University, speaks about the history of the Apollo program during the International Astronautical Federation World Space Award highlight lecture at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Thursday, Oct. 24, 2019, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. The 2019 World Space Award was presented to the crew of Apollo 11. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

S. Somanath, Director of Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), speaks during the Heads of Agency Plenary of the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Monday, Oct. 21, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Hiroshi Yamakawa, President of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), speaks during the Heads of Agency Plenary of the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Monday, Oct. 21, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Julie Robinson, Chief Scientist for NASA's International Space Station Division, left, and Livio Narici, Professor of Applied Physics at the Università di Roma "Tor Vergata" and ASI, lead a discussion titled “ISS-Moon-Mars: Using Spaceflight Platforms to Study and Simulate Future Missions” during the the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Monday, Oct. 21, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

A student asks NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine a question during a Heads of Agency interactive session with students at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Monday, Oct. 21, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Rick Armstrong, son of Apollo 11 astronaut Neil Armstrong answers a question during at panel discussion at the International Astronautical Federation World Space Award highlight lecture at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Thursday, Oct. 24, 2019, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. The 2019 World Space Award was presented to the crew of Apollo 11. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Attendees listen as a NASA staff member speaks about NASA's Origins-Spectral Interpretation-Resource Identification-Security-Regolith Explorer, or OSIRIS-REx, mission during Sneak Peek Friday at the USA Science and Engineering Festival, Friday, April 6, 2018 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington, DC. The festival is open to the public April 7-8. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA's Kristen Erickson speaks about educational science resources during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Friday, Oct. 25, 2019, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Students raise their hands to ask a question during a STEM day session at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Thursday, Oct. 24, 2019, in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Kathleen Boggs, Systems and Technology Demonstration Manager in the International Space Station Division of NASA’s Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate, is seen a keynote titled “From LEO to the Moon, Mars, and Beyond: Shaping Capability Development Strategies for NASA’s Human Exploration Campaign” at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Thursday, Oct. 24, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA astronaut Doug Wheelock, left, Rick Armstrong, son of Apollo 11 astronaut Neil Armstrong, second from left, Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin, second from right, and John Logsdon, Apollo historian and Professor Emeritus at George Washington University, right, are seen during a panel discussion during the International Astronautical Federation World Space Award highlight lecture at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Thursday, Oct. 24, 2019, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. The 2019 World Space Award was presented to the crew of Apollo 11. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine gives an update on the agency’s Artemis program and the critical role international partnerships have in returning astronauts to the Moon and going on to Mars at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Friday, Oct. 25, 2019, in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Acting Chief Technologist Douglas Terrier speaks about technology challenges for the Moon, Mars, and beyond during Sneak Peek Friday at the USA Science and Engineering Festival, Friday, April 6, 2018 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington, DC. The festival is open to the public April 7-8. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Local students view a model of NASA’s Gateway spacecraft while visiting the NASA exhibit at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Thursday, Oct. 24, 2019, in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine gives an update on the agency’s Artemis program and the critical role international partnerships have in returning astronauts to the Moon and going on to Mars at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Friday, Oct. 25, 2019, in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Lindsay Aitchison, Deputy Project Manager for the Advanced Space Suit Project at NASA speaks to visitors to NASA’s exhibit at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Friday, Oct. 25, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine, left, and Jackelynne Silva-Martinez, an Aerospace Engineer in Mission Planning Operations at NASA’s Johnson Space Center are seen during the Global Networking Forum Young Professionals Town Hall at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Wednesday, Oct. 23, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

A member of the audience records a video of NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine and Jackelynne Silva-Martinez, an Aerospace Engineer in Mission Planning Operations at NASA’s Johnson Space Centeris seen during the Global Networking Forum Young Professionals Town Hall at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Wednesday, Oct. 23, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Ken Bowersox, acting Associate Administrator for NASA's Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate, speaks about NASA’s Moon to Mars Exploration Plans during a keynote at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Monday, Oct. 21, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine and Jackelynne Silva-Martinez, an Aerospace Engineer in Mission Planning Operations at NASA’s Johnson Space Center are seen during the Global Networking Forum Young Professionals Town Hall at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Wednesday, Oct. 23, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine talks about getting American astronauts to the Moon in the next five years while participating in a Future Con panel discussion at Awesome Con, Saturday, April 27, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Future Con highlights the intersection of science, technology, and science fiction inside D.C.’s largest pop culture event. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

A model of is the Space Launch System (SLS) is seen at the NASA exhibit during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Friday, Oct. 25, 2019, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine is seen as he tours the exhibit hall at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Monday, Oct. 21, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Michał Szaniawski, President of the Polish Space Agency (POLSA), left, and NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine sign a joint statement on the margins of the IAC expressing their intent to discuss opportunities for cooperation, including sustainable activities around and on the Moon in connection with NASA’s Artemis program, Thursday, Oct. 24, 2019, during the 70th International Astronautical Congress in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Emma Marcucci, Education and Outreach Scientist at the Space Telescope Science Institute, speaks about the planets in our Solar System during Sneak Peek Friday at the USA Science and Engineering Festival, Friday, April 6, 2018 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington, DC. The festival is open to the public April 7-8. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Robyn Gatens, Deputy Director of NASA’s International Space Station Program, during a discussion titled “ISS-Moon-Mars: Using Spaceflight Platforms to Study and Simulate Future Missions” during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Monday, Oct. 21, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Seishiro Kibee on behalf of the International Astronautical Federation Awards Committee, left, NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine, Luke Newell, grandson of Apollo 11 command module pilot Michael Collins, Mark Armstrong, son of Apollo 11 commander Neil Armstrong, and Apollo 11 lunar module pilot Buzz Aldrin, and Jean-Yves Le Gall, President of International Astronautical Federation (IAF), right, pose for a picture after the 2019 World Space Award was presented to the Apollo 11 crew during the opening ceremony of the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Monday, Oct. 21, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Former NASA astronaut Leland Melvin moderates a panel with former NASA Administrator and astronaut, Charlie Bolden; former NASA astronaut Mary Cleave, European astronaut and professor, Institute of Space Systems, Reinhold Ewald; Roscosmos cosmonaut and executive director for piloted spaceflights, Sergey Krikalev; and ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut, André Kuipers during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Friday, Oct. 25, 2019, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Sergey Krikalev, Executive Director for Piloted Spaceflights for Roscosmos, is seen during the Heads of Agency press conference at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Monday, Oct. 21, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Attendees pick up NASA bags at the agency’s exhibit at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Friday, Oct. 25, 2019, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine gives an update on the agency’s Artemis program and the critical role international partnerships have in returning astronauts to the Moon and going on to Mars at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Friday, Oct. 25, 2019, in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Former NASA astronaut Garrett Reisman talks about his time in space at a STEM day session with students during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Thursday, Oct. 24, 2019, in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

S. Somanath, Director of Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), left, NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine, Hiroshi Yamakawa, President of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sergey Krikalev, Executive Director for Piloted Spaceflights for Roscosmos, and Johann-Dietrich Woerner, Director General of ESA (European Space Agency), right, are seen during the Heads of Agency press conference at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Monday, Oct. 21, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

An attendee uses virtual reality goggles to view the Sun during Sneak Peek Friday at the USA Science and Engineering Festival, Friday, April 6, 2018 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington, DC. The festival is open to the public April 7-8. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA astronaut Alvin Drew talks about his time in space at a STEM day session with students during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Thursday, Oct. 24, 2019, in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Johann-Dietrich Woerner, Director General of ESA (European Space Agency), speaks during the Heads of Agency Plenary of the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Monday, Oct. 21, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine speaks with the Honorable Karen Andrews Minister of Parliament and Minister, Industry, Science and Technology, Austrailia, during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Monday, Oct. 21, 2019 in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine delivers remarks introducing Vice President Mike Pence during the opening ceremony of the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Monday, Oct. 21, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

The back wall of the NASA exhibit is seen during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Friday, Oct. 25, 2019, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Sandra Cauffman, acting Director of NASA's Earth Science Division, is seen during a special session titled “Home Planet 2030 – The Role of Earth Observations in Studying Our Planet” at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Tuesday, Oct. 22, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Attendees visit NASA exhibits during Sneak Peek Friday at the USA Science and Engineering Festival, Friday, April 6, 2018 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington, DC. The festival is open to the public April 7-8. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA astronauts Doug Wheelock, left, Alvin Drew, second from right, Jeanette Epps, right, and former astronauts Janet Kavandi, second from left, and Bob Curbeam, center, spoke about their time in space at a STEM day session with students during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Wednesday, Oct. 23, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine answers questions during a media availability at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Thursday, Oct. 24, 2019, in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Avi Blasberger, Director of the Israel Space Agency (ISA) meets with NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Thursday, Oct. 24, 2019, in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Roscosmos cosmonaut and executive director for piloted spaceflights, Sergey Krikalev, speaks during an astronaut panel discussion at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Friday, Oct. 25, 2019, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Administrator Charles Bolden speaks at the 14th Annual Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Commercial Space Transport Conference at the Washington Convention Center on Wednesday, Feb. 9, 2001. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

Vice President Mike Pence delivers remarks during the opening ceremony of the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Monday, Oct. 21, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine gives an update on the agency’s Artemis program and the critical role international partnerships have in returning astronauts to the Moon and going on to Mars at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Friday, Oct. 25, 2019, in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Broadway performers are seen as they sing during the opening ceremony of the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Monday, Oct. 21, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Dipak Srinivasan, Europa Clipper Telecommunications Manager, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) moderates a panel titled, “Europa Clipper: Making a Mission to Understand Our Place in the Universe” with panelists, from left to right, Robert Pappalardo, Europa Clipper Project Scientist, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); Karen Kirby, Europa Clipper Deputy Project System Engineer, APL; Jennifer Dooley, Europa Clipper Project Systems Engineer, JPL; Thomas Magner, Manager, APL; and Bill Nye, Chief Executive Officer, The Planetary Society, during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Wednesday, Oct. 23, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Brian Muirhead, Pre-project Manager of Mars Sample Return at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory answers a question by NASA Chief Scientist, Jim Green, after giving a keynote titled “Mars Sample Return Mission Concept Status” at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Wednesday, Oct. 23, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine is seen as he tours the exhibit hall at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Monday, Oct. 21, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Associate Administrator, Science Mission Directorate, Thomas Zurbuchen, introduces Nicola Fox, director of the Heliophysics division for the Science Mission Directorate, to give a presentation titled, “The Challenge of Exploring Our Sun - the 60-Year Odyssey to Parker Solar Probe,” during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Wednesday, Oct. 23, 2019, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Attendees listen to a NASA staff member speak about Jupiter and NASA's Juno mission during Sneak Peek Friday at the USA Science and Engineering Festival, Friday, April 6, 2018 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington, DC. The festival is open to the public April 7-8. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA director of Heliophysics division, Science Mission Directorate, Nicola Fox, speaks at a presentation titled, “The Challenge of Exploring Our Sun - the 60-Year Odyssey to Parker Solar Probe,” during the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Wednesday, Oct. 23, 2019, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Administrator Charles Bolden speaks at the 14th Annual Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Commercial Space Transport Conference at the Washington Convention Center on Wednesday, Feb. 9, 2001. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

Tom Barclay, Director of the Kepler/K2 Guest Observer Office at NASA's Ames Research Center, speaks about exoplanets and NASA's next exoplanet mission, the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, during Sneak Peek Friday at the USA Science and Engineering Festival, Friday, April 6, 2018 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington, DC. The festival is open to the public April 7-8. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

An artists rendition of the Psyche spacecraft is seen on scree as Linda Elkins-Tanton, Managing Director and Foundation Professor of Arizona State University’s School of Earth and Space Exploration, is seen during a keynote titled “The ASU Interplanetary Initiative: Advancing Society Through ” at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Tuesday, Oct. 22, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Elkins-Tanton is the principle investigator of NASA’s upcoming Psyche mission which is scheduled to launch in 2022. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)