jsc2022e031232 (4/26/2022) --- A preflight view of differentiating neuron-like cell cultures with a dense network of neurites for intercellular interaction. The PROtection MEdiated by antioxidant nanoTEchnOlogy against neuronal damage in space (PROMETEO) (Antioxidant Protection) investigation proposes the use of biocompatible and biodegradable polydopamine-based nanoparticles to provide antioxidant protection to neurons undergoing exposure to altered gravity and cosmic radiation. Image courtesy of Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia.

jsc2019e039830 (6/25/2019) --- A preflight photo taken as part of Nano Antioxidants experiment. C2C12 skeletal muscle cells grown in laboratory on Earth. Confocal microscopy image showing cytoskeletal actin in red, vinculin in green, and cell nuclei in blue. The experiment aims at elaborating antioxidant nanoparticle-based countermeasures to skeletal muscle loss occurring both in space and on Earth, in order to enable long-term human exploration of space and therapy of musculodegenerative diseases. Nanoparticles under study are composed of cerium oxide, that mimics natural defense against oxidative stress and shows long-lasting antioxidant effects. The aim of the Nano Antioxidants investigation is to research innovative approaches for cellular stimulation to counteract the negative effects of long-term microgravity on the musculoskeletal system. (Image courtesy of Dr. Gianni Ciofani, IIT and PoliTo)