
Suited Apollo XI Crewmen Armstrong and Aldrin training in Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP) deployment in Building 5, as Astronaut Mike Collins trains in the Building 20 Centrifuge. S-Band Antenna (31148 thru 31165, 31178 thru 31179) MSC, HOUSTON, TX

Expedition 28 JAXA Astronaut Satoshi Furukawa and Astronaut Mike Fossum during FF RNDZ ADV 4 training. Training includes HTV rendezvous operation. Photo Date: September 15, 2010. Location: Building 30 - SIM City. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

Expedition 28 JAXA Astronaut Satoshi Furukawa and Astronaut Mike Fossum during FF RNDZ ADV 4 training. Training includes HTV rendezvous operation. Photo Date: September 15, 2010. Location: Building 30 - SIM City. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

Expedition 28 JAXA Astronaut Satoshi Furukawa and Astronaut Mike Fossum during FF RNDZ ADV 4 training. Training includes HTV rendezvous operation. Photo Date: September 15, 2010. Location: Building 30 - SIM City. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

Expedition 28 JAXA Astronaut Satoshi Furukawa and Astronaut Mike Fossum during FF RNDZ ADV 4 training. Training includes HTV rendezvous operation. Photo Date: September 15, 2010. Location: Building 30 - SIM City. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

Expedition 28 JAXA Astronaut Satoshi Furukawa and Astronaut Mike Fossum during FF RNDZ ADV 4 training. Training includes HTV rendezvous operation. Photo Date: September 15, 2010. Location: Building 30 - SIM City. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

Expedition 28 JAXA Astronaut Satoshi Furukawa and Astronaut Mike Fossum during FF RNDZ ADV 4 training. Training includes HTV rendezvous operation. Photo Date: September 15, 2010. Location: Building 30 - SIM City. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

Expedition 28 JAXA Astronaut Satoshi Furukawa and Astronaut Mike Fossum during FF RNDZ ADV 4 training. Training includes HTV rendezvous operation. Photo Date: September 15, 2010. Location: Building 30 - SIM City. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

Expedition 28 JAXA Astronaut Satoshi Furukawa and Astronaut Mike Fossum during FF RNDZ ADV 4 training. Training includes HTV rendezvous operation. Photo Date: September 15, 2010. Location: Building 30 - SIM City. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

Expedition 28 JAXA Astronaut Satoshi Furukawa and Astronaut Mike Fossum during FF RNDZ ADV 4 training. Training includes HTV rendezvous operation. Photo Date: September 15, 2010. Location: Building 30 - SIM City. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

Expedition 28 JAXA Astronaut Satoshi Furukawa and Astronaut Mike Fossum during FF RNDZ ADV 4 training. Training includes HTV rendezvous operation. Photo Date: September 15, 2010. Location: Building 30 - SIM City. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

NASA Astronaut Frank Rubio smiles during a spacewalk robotics training on May 11, 2022 in Building 9 of NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas.

S67-50590 (1867) --- Astronaut Frank Borman, assigned duty as commander of the Apollo 8 mission, participates in a training exercise in the Apollo Mission simulator in the Mission Simulation and training Facility, Building 5, at the Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, Texas. Photo credit: NASA

S66-21296 (1967) --- This is a medium exterior view of the Dynamic Crew Procedures Trainer, Command Module configuration, one of the Apollo astronaut training components located in the Mission Simulation and Training Facility, Building 5, Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, Texas. Photo credit: NASA

S66-45578 (6 Sept. 1966) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., prime crew command pilot for the Gemini-12 spaceflight, is pictured in Building 5, Mission Simulation and Training Facility, prior to entering the Gemini Mission Simulator for flight training. Photo credit: NASA

A monument in honor of cosmonaut Yuriy A. Gagarin, the first human to fly in space, stands in front of a cosmonaut apartment building at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia. At the time this photo was taken, NASA astronauts Norman E. Thagard and Bonnie J. Dunbar were in Russia for training.

S70-34412 (4 April 1970) --- Astronaut Fred W. Haise Jr., Apollo 13 lunar module pilot, participates in simulation training in preparation for the scheduled lunar landing mission. He is in the Apollo Lunar Module Mission Simulator in the Kennedy Space Center's Flight Crew Training building.

Expedition 27 crew payload training on DECLIC with instructor Wayne Wright and Astronaut Ron Garan. Photo Date: July 14, 2010. Location: Building 5, RBUA/Rm. 1120B. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

Expedition 27 crew payload training on DECLIC with instructor Wayne Wright and Astronaut Ron Garan. Photo Date: July 14, 2010. Location: Building 5, RBUA/Rm. 1120B. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

Expedition 29/30 astronaut Dan Burbank during SAFER Proficiency Training in the VR Lab. Photo Date: June 17, 2011. Location: Building 9 - Virtual Reality Lab. Photographer: Robert Markowitz

Expedition 27 crew payload training on DECLIC with instructor Wayne Wright and Astronaut Ron Garan. Photo Date: July 14, 2010. Location: Building 5, RBUA/Rm. 1120B. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

STS-130 astronaut Nick Patrick during dry run for SSATA Crew Training and EMU Verification for STS-130. Photo Date: October 29, 2009. Location: Building 7 - SSATA Chamber. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

ESA Astronaut Thomas Pesquet during CMS ARED OPS training with instructor Kimberlee Jadwick . Photo Date: September 16, 2014. Location: Building 26. Photographer: Robert Markowitz

ESA Astronaut Thomas Pesquet during CMS ARED OPS training with instructor Kimberlee Jadwick . Photo Date: September 16, 2014. Location: Building 26. Photographer: Robert Markowitz

S68-53186 (1 Nov. 1968) --- Astronaut Frank Borman, Apollo 8 commander, egresses the gondola in Building 29 after centrifuge training in the Manned Spacecraft Center's (MSC) Flight Acceleration Facility (FAF).

ESA Astronaut Thomas Pesquet during CMS ARED OPS training with instructor Kimberlee Jadwick . Photo Date: September 16, 2014. Location: Building 26. Photographer: Robert Markowitz

Expedition 29/30 astronaut Dan Burbank during SAFER Proficiency Training in the VR Lab. Photo Date: June 17, 2011. Location: Building 9 - Virtual Reality Lab. Photographer: Robert Markowitz

Expedition 29/30 astronaut Dan Burbank during SAFER Proficiency Training in the VR Lab. Photo Date: June 17, 2011. Location: Building 9 - Virtual Reality Lab. Photographer: Robert Markowitz

ESA Astronaut Thomas Pesquet during CMS ARED OPS training with instructor Kimberlee Jadwick . Photo Date: September 16, 2014. Location: Building 26. Photographer: Robert Markowitz

Expedition 29/30 crew training with astronaut Dan Burbank working with Robonaut (overview, skills, taskboard). Photo Date: June 17, 2011. Location: Building 32A, Room 2009. Photographer: Robert Markowitz

Expedition 29/30 crew training with astronaut Dan Burbank working with Robonaut (overview, skills, taskboard). Photo Date: June 17, 2011. Location: Building 32A, Room 2009. Photographer: Robert Markowitz

Expedition 29/30 crew training with astronaut Dan Burbank working with Robonaut (overview, skills, taskboard). Photo Date: June 17, 2011. Location: Building 32A, Room 2009. Photographer: Robert Markowitz

NASA Astronaut Frank Rubio addresses a colleague during a spacewalk robotics training on May 11, 2022 in Building 9 of NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas.

Expedition 29/30 crew training with astronaut Dan Burbank working with Robonaut (overview, skills, taskboard). Photo Date: June 17, 2011. Location: Building 32A, Room 2009. Photographer: Robert Markowitz

Expedition 27 crew payload training on DECLIC with instructor Wayne Wright and Astronaut Ron Garan. Photo Date: July 14, 2010. Location: Building 5, RBUA/Rm. 1120B. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

ESA Astronaut Thomas Pesquet during CMS ARED OPS training with instructor Kimberlee Jadwick . Photo Date: September 16, 2014. Location: Building 26. Photographer: Robert Markowitz

Expedition 29/30 astronaut Dan Burbank during SAFER Proficiency Training in the VR Lab. Photo Date: June 17, 2011. Location: Building 9 - Virtual Reality Lab. Photographer: Robert Markowitz

Expedition 29/30 crew training with astronaut Dan Burbank working with Robonaut (overview, skills, taskboard). Photo Date: June 17, 2011. Location: Building 32A, Room 2009. Photographer: Robert Markowitz

Expedition 27 crew payload training on DECLIC with instructor Wayne Wright and Astronaut Ron Garan. Photo Date: July 14, 2010. Location: Building 5, RBUA/Rm. 1120B. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

ESA Astronaut Thomas Pesquet during CMS ARED OPS training with instructor Kimberlee Jadwick . Photo Date: September 16, 2014. Location: Building 26. Photographer: Robert Markowitz

ESA Astronaut Thomas Pesquet during CMS ARED OPS training with instructor Kimberlee Jadwick . Photo Date: September 16, 2014. Location: Building 26. Photographer: Robert Markowitz

Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-26) astronauts George Nelson, John Lounge, and Richard Covey are pictured training on protein crystal growth (PCG) experiment in Marshall's Building 4708's clean room.

S66-45580 (6 Sept. 1966) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., prime crew command pilot of the Gemini-12 spaceflight, prepares to enter the Gemini Mission Simulator in Building 5 for flight training. Photo credit: NASA

Expedition 27 crew payload training on DECLIC with instructor Wayne Wright and Astronaut Ron Garan. Photo Date: July 14, 2010. Location: Building 5, RBUA/Rm. 1120B. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

S73-28793 (16 July 1973) --- The three crewmen of the second manned Skylab mission (Skylab 3) go over a checklist during preflight training at the Johnson Space Center. They are, left to right, scientist-astronaut Owen K. Garriott, science pilot; astronaut Alan L. Bean, commander; and astronaut Jack R. Lousma, pilot. They are in the crew quarters of the Orbital Workshop trainer in the Mission Training and Simulation Facility, Building 5, at JSC. Skylab 3 is scheduled as a 59-day mission in Earth orbit. Photo credit: NASA

S73-27787 (1 May 1973) --- The three members of the prime crew of the second manned Skylab mission participate in prelaunch training, specifically water egress simulations, at the Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston. They are, left to right, astronaut Alan J. Bean, commander; scientist-astronaut Owen K. Garriott, science pilot; and astronaut Jack R. Lousma, pilot. This training took place in JSC?s Building 220 on May 1, 1973. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Neil A. Armstrong, commander of the Apollo 11 lunar landing mission, is photographed during thermovacuum training in Chamber B of the Space Environment Simulation Laboratory, Building 32, Manned Spacecraft Center. He is wearing an Extravehicular Mobility Unit. The training simulated lunar surface vacuum and thermal conditions during astronaut operations outside the Lunar Module on the moon's surface. The mirror was used to reflect solar light.

Expedition 47 ESA crewmember Tim Peake aiding fellow astronauts Expedition 48 crew member (Soyuz 46) Jeff Williams and CSA astronaut David Saint-Jacques during ISS EVA P/P training in Space Vehicle Mockup Training Facility (SVMTF) ISS Airlock mockup with instructor Megan Murphey. Photo Date: September 23, 2014. Location: Building 9NW, ISS Airlock. Photographer: Robert Markowitz

Expedition 47 ESA crewmember Tim Peake aiding fellow astronauts Expedition 48 crew member (Soyuz 46) Jeff Williams and CSA astronaut David Saint-Jacques during ISS EVA P/P training in Space Vehicle Mockup Training Facility (SVMTF) ISS Airlock mockup with instructor Megan Murphey. Photo Date: September 23, 2014. Location: Building 9NW, ISS Airlock. Photographer: Robert Markowitz

Expedition 47 ESA crewmember Tim Peake aiding fellow astronauts Expedition 48 crew member (Soyuz 46) Jeff Williams and CSA astronaut David Saint-Jacques during ISS EVA P/P training in Space Vehicle Mockup Training Facility (SVMTF) ISS Airlock mockup with instructor Megan Murphey. Photo Date: September 23, 2014. Location: Building 9NW, ISS Airlock. Photographer: Robert Markowitz

Expedition 47 ESA crewmember Tim Peake aiding fellow astronauts Expedition 48 crew member (Soyuz 46) Jeff Williams and CSA astronaut David Saint-Jacques during ISS EVA P/P training in Space Vehicle Mockup Training Facility (SVMTF) ISS Airlock mockup with instructor Megan Murphey. Photo Date: September 23, 2014. Location: Building 9NW, ISS Airlock. Photographer: Robert Markowitz

S69-38677 (19 June 1969) --- Astronaut Neil A. Armstrong, Apollo 11 commander, participates in simulation training in preparation for the scheduled lunar landing mission. He is in the Apollo Lunar Module Mission Simulator in the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Flight Crew Training Building. The other two crewmen of the historic flight are astronauts Michael Collins, command module pilot; and Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., lunar module pilot.

Expedition 47 ESA crewmember Tim Peake aiding fellow astronauts Expedition 48 crew member (Soyuz 46) Jeff Williams and CSA astronaut David Saint-Jacques during ISS EVA P/P training in Space Vehicle Mockup Training Facility (SVMTF) ISS Airlock mockup with instructor Megan Murphey. Photo Date: September 23, 2014. Location: Building 9NW, ISS Airlock. Photographer: Robert Markowitz

S66-50179 (10 Aug. 1966) --- Astronaut Richard F. Gordon Jr., prime crew pilot for the Gemini-11 spaceflight, practices attaching to a Gemini boilerplate a camera which will film his extravehicular activity (EVA) outside the spacecraft. The training exercise is being conducted in the Astronaut Training Building, Kennedy Space Center, Florida. Photo credit: NASA

S74-28811 (23 Sept. 1974) --- The five prime crewmen of the joint U.S.-USSR Apollo-Soyuz Test Project mission are photographed in the Flight Crew Training Facility, Building 35, at the Johnson Space Center during ASTP crew training activity. They are, left to right, astronaut Donald K. Slayton, docking module pilot of the American crew; cosmonaut Valeriy N. Kubasov, engineer on the Soviet crew; cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov, commander of the Soviet crew; astronaut Thomas P. Stafford, commander of the American crew; and astronaut Vance D. Brand, command module pilot of the American crew.

S70-24016 (17 Jan. 1970) --- Astronaut Thomas K. Mattingly II, command module pilot of the Apollo 13 lunar landing mission, participates in water egress training in a water tank in Building 260 at the Manned Spacecraft Center.

PHOTO DATE: 09-08-14 LOCATION: Building 16N/1040 - SES Alpha-Cupola SUBJECT: ESA Astronaut Timothy Peake on behalf of ESA prior to FF RNDZ ADV 3 training with Kopra and Wilmore. PHOTOGRAPHER: BILL STAFFORD

S70-31143 (17 Jan. 1970) --- Astronaut Fred W. Haise Jr., lunar module pilot of the Apollo 13 lunar landing mission, participates in water egress training in a water tank in Building 260 at the Manned Spacecraft Center.

PHOTO DATE: 09-08-14 LOCATION: Building 16N/1040 - SES Alpha-Cupola SUBJECT: ESA Astronaut Timothy Peake on behalf of ESA prior to FF RNDZ ADV 3 training with Kopra and Wilmore. PHOTOGRAPHER: BILL STAFFORD

PHOTO DATE: 09-08-14 LOCATION: Building 16N/1040 - SES Alpha-Cupola SUBJECT: ESA Astronaut Timothy Peake on behalf of ESA prior to FF RNDZ ADV 3 training with Kopra and Wilmore. PHOTOGRAPHER: BILL STAFFORD

PHOTO DATE: 09-08-14 LOCATION: Building 16N/1040 - SES Alpha-Cupola SUBJECT: ESA Astronaut Timothy Peake on behalf of ESA prior to FF RNDZ ADV 3 training with Kopra and Wilmore. PHOTOGRAPHER: BILL STAFFORD

S69-32240 (22 April 1969) --- Astronaut Neil A. Armstrong, wearing an Extravehicular Mobility Unit, participates in a simulation of deploying and using lunar tools on the surface of the moon during a training exercise in Building 9 on April 22, 1969. Armstrong is the commander of the Apollo 11 lunar landing mission. In the background is a Lunar Module mock-up.

S68-41683 (August 1968) --- Three astronauts participate in Apollo water egress training in a tank in Building 260 at the Manned Spacecraft Center. Already in life raft is John W. Young. Eugene A. Cernan is egressing the Apollo Command Module trainer. Inside the trainer and almost obscured is Thomas P. Stafford.

PHOTO DATE: 09-08-14 LOCATION: Building 16N/1040 - SES Alpha-Cupola SUBJECT: ESA Astronaut Timothy Peake on behalf of ESA prior to FF RNDZ ADV 3 training with Kopra and Wilmore. PHOTOGRAPHER: BILL STAFFORD

S69-56059 (24 Oct. 1969) --- Astronaut Alan L. Bean, lunar module pilot of the Apollo 12 lunar landing mission, participates in lunar surface simulation training in Building 29 at the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC). Bean is strapped to a one-sixth gravity simulator.

S68-41685 (August 1968) --- Three astronauts participate in Apollo water egress training in a tank in Building 260 at the Manned Spacecraft Center. Egressing the Apollo Command Module trainer is Thomas P. Stafford. Already in life raft are Eugene A. Cernan (in foreground) and John W. Young.

PHOTO DATE: 09-08-14 LOCATION: Building 16N/1040 - SES Alpha-Cupola SUBJECT: ESA Astronaut Timothy Peake on behalf of ESA prior to FF RNDZ ADV 3 training with Kopra and Wilmore. PHOTOGRAPHER: BILL STAFFORD

PHOTO DATE: 09-08-14 LOCATION: Building 16N/1040 - SES Alpha-Cupola SUBJECT: ESA Astronaut Timothy Peake on behalf of ESA prior to FF RNDZ ADV 3 training with Kopra and Wilmore. PHOTOGRAPHER: BILL STAFFORD

S69-33923 (April 1969) --- Astronaut Neil A. Armstrong, wearing an Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU), deploys a lunar surface television camera during lunar surface simulation training in Building 9, Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC). Armstrong is the prime crew commander of the Apollo 11 lunar landing mission.

PHOTO DATE: 09-08-14 LOCATION: Building 16N/1040 - SES Alpha-Cupola SUBJECT: ESA Astronaut Timothy Peake on behalf of ESA prior to FF RNDZ ADV 3 training with Kopra and Wilmore. PHOTOGRAPHER: BILL STAFFORD

S70-27037 (4 Feb. 1970) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., commander of the Apollo 13 lunar landing mission, simulates lunar surface extravehicular activity during training exercises in the Kennedy Space Center’s Flight Crew Training Building. Lovell, wearing an Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU), is holding an Apollo Lunar Hand Tool (a set of tongs) in his left hand. A gnomon is in front of his right foot. A tool carrier is in the right background.

S72-44423 (8 Sept. 1972) --- Two Apollo 17 crewmen ready a Lunar Roving Vehicle trainer following its deployment from a Lunar Module trainer in the Flight Crew Training Building at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida. Taking part in the Apollo 17 training exercise were astronauts Eugene A. Cernan (right), commander; and Harrison H. "Jack" Schmitt, lunar module pilot.

S75-22187 (25 Feb. 1975) --- Two ASTP crewmen look over food cans and packages in the Soyuz orbital module trainer in Building 35 during Apollo-Soyuz Test Project joint crew training at NASA's Johnson Space Center. They are astronaut Thomas P. Stafford (left), commander of the American ASTP prime crew; and cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov, commander of the Soviet ASTP first (prime) crew. The training session simulated activity on the second day in Earth orbit.

S75-21674 (17 Feb. 1975) --- Astronaut Donald K. Slayton, docking module pilot on the American ASTP prime crew, participates in Apollo-Soyuz Test Project joint crew training in Building 35 at the Johnson Space Center. He is in the Docking Module mock-up. The training simulated activities on the first day in Earth orbit.

Apollo 17 Mission Commander Eugene A Cernan, a Navy Captain, and Lunar Module Pilot Dr. Harrison H. Schmitt, civilian scientist-astronaut, at right, familiarize themselves with equipment used in the Lunar Module in which they will descend to the lunar surface during December. Cernan and Dr. Schmitt are undergoing pre-launch training in the lunar Module Simulator at the Flight Crew Training Building at the Space Center. Navy Commander Ronald E. Evans, Command Module Pilot, will accompany Cernan and Schmitt on the mission.

S70-27036 (4 Feb. 1970) --- Two crew men of the Apollo 13 lunar landing mission simulate lunar surface extravehicular activity (EVA) during training exercises in the Kennedy Space Center's (KSC) Flight Crew Training Building. They are astronauts James A. Lovell Jr. commander; and Fred W. Haise Jr., lunar module pilot.

Dr. Harrison H. Schmitt, civilian scientist-astronaut, who will pilot the Lunar Module of Apollo 17 to the Moon’s Surface in December, preps for his task by undergoing training in the Lunar Module Simulator at the Flight Crew Training Building at Kennedy Space Center. Dr. Schmitt, accompanied by Commander Eugene A. Cernan and Ronald E. Evans, Command Module Pilot, will lift-off from the Center no earlier than December 6.

S75-22194 (25 Feb. 1975) --- An interior view of the Soyuz orbital module mock-up in Building 35 during Apollo-Soyuz Test Project joint crew training at NASA's Johnson Space Center. The two ASTP crewmen are looking over a checklist. They are astronaut Thomas P. Stafford (left), commander of the American ASTP prime crew; and cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov, commander of the Soviet ASTP first (prime) crew. The training session simulated activity on the second day in Earth orbit.

S70-27038 (4 Feb. 1970) --- Two crew men of the Apollo 13 lunar landing mission simulate lunar surface Extravehicular Activity (EVA) during training exercises in the Kennedy Space Center's (KSC) Flight Crew Training Building. They are astronauts James A. Lovell Jr. (on left, back to camera) commander; and Fred W. Haise Jr., lunar module pilot.

S66-15743 (5 Jan. 1966) --- Astronaut David R. Scott, pilot of the Gemini-8 prime crew, undergoes water egress training in a special tank in building 260A at the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC), Houston, Texas. An MSC swimmer assists in the training exercise. A boilerplate model of a Gemini spacecraft floats in the water beside Scott. Photo credit: NASA

S75-21720 (14 Feb. 1975) --- Astronaut Alan L. Bean (foreground) and cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov participate in Apollo-Soyuz Test Project joint crew training in Building 35 at NASA's Johnson Space Center. They are in the Apollo Command Module trainer. The training session simulated activities on the first day in Earth orbit. Bean is the commander of the American ASTP backup crew. Leonov is the commander of the Soviet ASTP first (prime) crew.

S75-22856 (25 Feb. 1975) --- An interior view of the Soyuz orbital module mock-up in Building 35 during Apollo-Soyuz Test Project joint crew training at NASA's Johnson Space Center. The ASTP crewmen are astronaut Vance D. Brand (on left), command module pilot of the American ASTP prime crew; and cosmonaut Valeriy N. Kubasov, engineer on the Soviet ASTP first (prime) crew. The training session simulated activities on the second day in Earth orbit. Photo credit: NASA

S75-21945 (24 Feb. 1975) --- Cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov (left) and astronaut Thomas P. Stafford take part in Apollo-Soyuz Test Project joint crew training in Building 35 at NASA's Johnson Space Center. They are commanders of their respective prime crews. The training session simulated the activities of the second day in Earth orbit. Stafford and Leonov are in the Docking Module mock-up.

S74-29041 (September 1974) --- The commanders of the American astronaut and Soviet cosmonaut crews for the joint U.S.?USSR Apollo-Soyuz Test Project mission compare notes in a Soyuz spacecraft?s orbital module mock-up in Building 35 at the Johnson Space Center during a training and simulation exercise. They are Aleksey A. Leonov, right, and Thomas P. Stafford. The hatchway in the background leads to the Docking Module. The prime crewmen, along with backup crewmen, are training in both the U.S. and USSR for the joint mission scheduled for the summer of 1975.

S66-45579 (6 Sept. 1966) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr. (right), prime crew command pilot of the Gemini-12 spaceflight, talks with Burton M. Gifford (left) and Duane K. Mosel (center), both with the Simulation Branch, Flight Crew Support Division. Lovell was preparing to undergo flight training in the Gemini Mission Simulator in Building 5, Mission Simulation and Training Facility. Photo credit: NASA

S70-27034 (4 Feb. 1970) --- Astronaut Fred W. Haise Jr., lunar module pilot of the Apollo 13 lunar landing mission, simulates lunar surface extravehicular activity (EVA) during training exercises in the Kennedy Space Center's (KSC) Flight Crew Training Building (FCTB). Haise, wearing an Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU), is holding a Solar Wind Composition (SWC) experiment.

S72-19739 (22 Dec. 1972) --- Astronaut John W. Young, commander of the Apollo 16 lunar landing mission, participates in lunar surface extravehicular activity (EVA) training in the Flight Crew Training Building at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). Young adjusts a training model of a Far Ultraviolet Camera/Spectroscope, an instrument which will be emplaced on the moon during the Apollo 16 EVA. Deep-space sources of hydrogen in interplanetary, interstellar and intergalactic regions will be mapped by this instrument which gathers both photographic images and spectroscope data in the far ultraviolet spectrum. This experiment will be the first such astronomical observation emplaced on the lunar surface.

S68-55391 (11 Dec. 1968) --- Astronaut Russell L. Schweickart, lunar module pilot of the Apollo 9 (Spacecraft 104/Lunar Module 3/Saturn 504) space mission, is seen inside Chamber "A," Space Environment Simulation Laboratory, Building 32, participating in dry run activity in preparation for extravehicular activity which is scheduled in Chamber "A." The purpose of the scheduled training is to familiarize the crewmen with the operation of EVA equipment in a simulated space environment. In addition, metabolic and workload profiles will be simulated on each crewman. Astronauts Schweickart and Alan L. Bean, backup lunar module pilot, are scheduled to receive thermal-vacuum training simulating Earth-orbital EVA.

S79-25007 (13 Dec. 1978) --- Astronaut Robert L. Crippen, pilot for the first space shuttle orbital flight test (STS-1), is assisted by technicians prior to entering a water immersion facility (WIF) during a training session. The zero-gravity familiarization took place in the Johnson Space Center?s training and test center (Building 260). The WIF afford one of two ways to simulate the feeling of weightlessness experienced during space extravehicular activity (EVA), the other being inside aircraft flying a parabolic curve. Crippen will be joined by astronaut John W. Young for the STS-1 flight. Photo credit: NASA

S65-19505 (28 May 1965) --- Astronaut Edward H. White II, pilot for the Gemini-Titan 4 prime crew, is pictured during an extravehicular exercise in the Building 4 laboratory at the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston, Texas. White is controlling about the yaw (vertical) axis while translating. He stands on a Balance Extravehicular Training Aircraft which is separated from the level steel floor by a .001th-inch cushion of air. In his right hand White holds a zero-gravity integral propulsion unit which is a self-maneuvering device used by an astronaut in a zero-gravity environment. This condition is simulated in this training exercise. White's spacesuit is pressurized to create a realistic training condition. The simulated umbilical line is floated on air with the aid of eleven small air pads.

S65-19504 (28 May 1965) --- Astronaut Edward H. White II, pilot for the Gemini-Titan 4 prime crew, is pictured during an extravehicular exercise in the Building 4 laboratory at the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston, Texas. White is controlling about the yaw (vertical) axis while translating. He stands on a Balance Extravehicular Training Aircraft which is separated from the level steel floor by a .001th-inch cushion of air. In his right hand White holds a zero-gravity integral propulsion unit which is a self-maneuvering device used by an astronaut in a zero-gravity environment. This condition is simulated in this training exercise. White's spacesuit is pressurized to create a realistic training condition. The simulated umbilical line is floated on air with the aid of eleven small air pads.

S67-50585 (1967) --- This is an intentional double exposure showing the Apollo Mission Simulator in the Mission Simulation and Training Facility, Building 5 at the Manned Spacecraft Center. In the exterior view astronauts William A. Anders, Michael Collins, and Frank Borman (reading from top of stairs) are about to enter the simulator. The interior view shows the three astronauts in the simulator. They are (left to right) Borman, Collins, and Anders. Photo credit: NASA

S69-54147 (October 1969) --- Two members of the Apollo 12 lunar landing mission participates in lunar surface extravehicular activity (EVA) simulations in the Kennedy Space Center's (KSC) Flight Crew Training Building. Here, astronauts Charles Conrad Jr., commander, is holding the bottom end of the lunar equipment conveyor. Inside the Lunar Module (LM) and out of view is astronaut Alan L. Bean, lunar module pilot. The simulations were part of a run-through of the Apollo 12 lunar surface "timeline".

S69-32233 (22 April 1969) --- Two members of the Apollo 11 lunar landing mission participate in a simulation of deploying and using lunar tools on the surface of the moon. The rehearsal took place during a training exercise in building 9 on April 22, 1969. Astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin Jr. (on left), lunar module pilot, uses a scoop and tongs to pick up samples. Astronaut Neil A. Armstrong, Apollo 11 commander, holds the bag to receive the sample. In the background is a Lunar Module (LM) mock-up.

S68-54859 (November 1968) --- The prime crew of the Apollo 9 (Spacecraft 104/Lunar Module 3/Saturn 504) space mission participates in water egress training in a tank in Building 260 at the Manned Spacecraft Center. Egressing the Apollo command module boilerplate is astronaut James A. McDivitt, commander. In life raft are astronauts David R. Scott (background), command module pilot; and Russell L. Schweickart, lunar module pilot.

This image depicts the Apollo 16 mission astronauts John Young (right) and Charles Duke (left) in pressure suits during a final crew training on the Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), building 4619. Developed by the MSFC, the LRV was the lightweight electric car designed to increase the range of mobility and productivity of astronauts on the lunar surface. It was used on the last three Apollo missions; Apollo 15, Apollo 16, and Apollo 17.

S69-55362 (6 Oct. 1969) --- The two assigned moon-walking crew members for the Apollo 12 lunar landing mission participate in lunar surface extravehicular activity simulations in the Kennedy Space Center's Flight Crew Training Building. Here, astronaut Alan L. Bean, lunar module pilot, simulates driving core tube into lunar surface to obtain a sample. Astronaut Charles Conrad Jr., commander, looks on. A Lunar Module mock-up is in the center background. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

S69-55368 (6 Oct. 1969) --- Two members of the Apollo 12 lunar landing mission participate in lunar surface extravehicular activity (EVA) simulations in the Flight Crew Training Building at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). Astronaut Charles Conrad Jr., commander (facing camera), simulates picking up samples. Astronaut Alan L. Bean, lunar module pilot, simulates photographic lunar rock sample documentation.

S71-16722 (January 1971) --- Two members of the prime crew of the Apollo 15 lunar landing mission are shown with the Lunar Roving Vehicle "one G" trainer in Building 5, Mission Simulation and Training Facility, Manned Spacecraft Center. Astronaut David R. Scott (on right) is the Apollo 15 commander; and astronaut James B. Irwin is the lunar module pilot. A Lunar Roving Vehicle similar to this trainer will be used by Scott and Irwin during their Apollo 15 lunar surface extravehicular activity.

Photographic documentation of the STS-97 preflight training which occurred in Building 9 Crew Compartment Trainer II (CCTII). Views include: Astronaut Brent W. Jett (center), STS-97 mission commander, shares a light moment with two of the mission specialists on his crew, astronauts Joseph R. Tanner (left) and Carlos I. Noriega. The three are about to don training versions of the orange Launch and entry suit (LES) prior to a dry run of countdown procedures (23524). Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner (left), mission specialist, helps astronaut Michael J. Bloomfield, pilot, with final touches on his suit-donning process as USA suit technicians Bill Todd (standing) and Brad Milling look on (23525). Astronaut Carlos I. Noriega, attired in a blue thermal undergarment, and USA suit technician Mike Birkenseher help astronaut Brent W. Jett, STS-97 mission commander, with final touches of suit donning (23526). Astronaut Marc Garneau, mission specialist representing the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), looks on as two crew mates assist him with final touches of suit-donning prior to a training session in the Johnson Space Center's Systems Integration Facility. Helping out are astronauts Carlos I. Noriega (left) and Joseph R. Tanner, mission specialists (23527). Astronaut Michael J. Bloomfield, left, discusses his launch and entry suit with USA technician Bill Todd prior to a training session (23528). Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner lends a helping hand to astronaut Carlos I. Noriega as the two STS-97 mission specialists prepare for a dry run going over launch procedures in a nearby simulator (23529). Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner receives a helping hand from astronaut Carlos I. Noriega as the two STS-97 mission specialists don training versions of their pressure ascent and entry garments (23530). Noriega adjusts his LES while in the CCTII middeck mock-up (23531).