Dr. von Braun, Director of the Marshall Space Flight Center, spoke of the progress in the Saturn Program during his appearance before the Senate Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences. He was accompanied by Dr. Robert C. Seamans, Jr., Associate Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

Chair of the Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee, Congresswoman Kendra Horn, D-Okla., speaks during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “Developing Core Capabilities for Deep Space Exploration: An Update on NASA's SLS, Orion, and Exploration Ground Systems," Wednesday, September 18, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Dr. Jonathan Lunine, Director, Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Co-Chair of the Former Committee on Human Spaceflight, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine testifies during the House Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics hearing titled "Keeping our sights on Mars: A Review of NASA's Deep Space Exploration Programs and Lunar Proposal", Wednesday, May 8, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Dr. Jonathan Lunine, Director, Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Co-Chair of the Former Committee on Human Spaceflight, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine testifies during the House Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics hearing titled "Keeping our sights on Mars: A Review of NASA's Deep Space Exploration Programs and Lunar Proposal", Wednesday, May 8, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Audience members listen as University of Mississippi Professor Emerita and Editor in Chief of the Journal of Space Law, Joanne Gabrynowicz, testifies during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “A Review of NASA’s Plans for the International Space Station and Future Activities in Low Earth Orbit," Wednesday, July 10, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

University of Mississippi Professor Emerita and Editor in Chief of the Journal of Space Law, Joanne Gabrynowicz, testifies during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “A Review of NASA’s Plans for the International Space Station and Future Activities in Low Earth Orbit," Wednesday, July 10, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

The Honorable Paul Martin, inspector general, NASA, testifies during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “A Review of NASA’s Plans for the International Space Station and Future Activities in Low Earth Orbit," Wednesday, July 10, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Acting NASA Associate Administrator for Human Exploration and Operations, Ken Bowersox, takes notes during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “Developing Core Capabilities for Deep Space Exploration: An Update on NASA's SLS, Orion, and Exploration Ground Systems," Wednesday, September 18, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Acting NASA Associate Administrator for Human Exploration and Operations, Ken Bowersox, testifies during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “Developing Core Capabilities for Deep Space Exploration: An Update on NASA's SLS, Orion, and Exploration Ground Systems," Wednesday, September 18, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Acting NASA Associate Administrator for Human Exploration and Operations, Ken Bowersox, takes notes during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “Developing Core Capabilities for Deep Space Exploration: An Update on NASA's SLS, Orion, and Exploration Ground Systems," Wednesday, September 18, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Acting NASA Associate Administrator for Human Exploration and Operations, Ken Bowersox, testifies during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “Developing Core Capabilities for Deep Space Exploration: An Update on NASA's SLS, Orion, and Exploration Ground Systems," Wednesday, September 18, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Cristina Chaplain, director, Contracting and National Security Acquisitions, U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO), testifies during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “Developing Core Capabilities for Deep Space Exploration: An Update on NASA's SLS, Orion, and Exploration Ground Systems," Wednesday, September 18, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Associate Administrator, Human Exploration and Operations, Bill Gerstenmaier, testifies during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “A Review of NASA’s Plans for the International Space Station and Future Activities in Low Earth Orbit," Wednesday, July 10, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Acting NASA Associate Administrator for Human Exploration and Operations, Ken Bowersox, testifies during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “Developing Core Capabilities for Deep Space Exploration: An Update on NASA's SLS, Orion, and Exploration Ground Systems," Wednesday, September 18, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

The Honorable Paul Martin, inspector general, NASA, testifies during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “A Review of NASA’s Plans for the International Space Station and Future Activities in Low Earth Orbit," Wednesday, July 10, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Associate Administrator, Human Exploration and Operations, Bill Gerstenmaier, testifies during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “A Review of NASA’s Plans for the International Space Station and Future Activities in Low Earth Orbit," Wednesday, July 10, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Chair of the Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee, Kendra Horn, D-Okla., speaks during a House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “A Review of NASA’s Plans for the International Space Station and Future Activities in Low Earth Orbit," where NASA Associate Administrator, Human Exploration and Operations, Bill Gerstenmaier, and NASA Inspector General, Paul Martin testified, Wednesday, July 10, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Acting NASA Associate Administrator for Human Exploration and Operations, Ken Bowersox, testifies during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “Developing Core Capabilities for Deep Space Exploration: An Update on NASA's SLS, Orion, and Exploration Ground Systems," Wednesday, September 18, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Acting NASA Associate Administrator for Human Exploration and Operations, Ken Bowersox, testifies during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “Developing Core Capabilities for Deep Space Exploration: An Update on NASA's SLS, Orion, and Exploration Ground Systems," Wednesday, September 18, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Congressman Brian Babin, R-Texas, reacts during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “A Review of NASA’s Plans for the International Space Station and Future Activities in Low Earth Orbit," Wednesday, July 10, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Acting NASA Associate Administrator for Human Exploration and Operations, Ken Bowersox, reacts during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “Developing Core Capabilities for Deep Space Exploration: An Update on NASA's SLS, Orion, and Exploration Ground Systems," Wednesday, September 18, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Congressman Pete Olson, R-Texas, asks NASA Associate Administrator, Human Exploration and Operations, Bill Gerstenmaier, a question during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “A Review of NASA’s Plans for the International Space Station and Future Activities in Low Earth Orbit," Wednesday, July 10, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

The Honorable Paul Martin, inspector general, NASA, speaks to Bill Gerstenmaier, associate administrator, Human Exploration and Operations, NASA, before they testify during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “A Review of NASA’s Plans for the International Space Station and Future Activities in Low Earth Orbit," Wednesday, July 10, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Acting NASA Associate Administrator for Human Exploration and Operations, Ken Bowersox, testifies during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “Developing Core Capabilities for Deep Space Exploration: An Update on NASA's SLS, Orion, and Exploration Ground Systems," Wednesday, September 18, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Commercial Spaceflight Federation President, Eric Stallmer, testifies during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “A Review of NASA’s Plans for the International Space Station and Future Activities in Low Earth Orbit," Wednesday, July 10, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Commercial Spaceflight Federation President, Eric Stallmer, testifies during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “A Review of NASA’s Plans for the International Space Station and Future Activities in Low Earth Orbit," Wednesday, July 10, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Associate Administrator, Human Exploration and Operations, Bill Gerstenmaier, testifies during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “A Review of NASA’s Plans for the International Space Station and Future Activities in Low Earth Orbit," Wednesday, July 10, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

U.S. Representative Eddie Johnson, D-Texas, asks a question during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “A Review of NASA’s Plans for the International Space Station and Future Activities in Low Earth Orbit," Wednesday, July 10, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Congressman Brian Babin, R-Texas, asks a question during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “Developing Core Capabilities for Deep Space Exploration: An Update on NASA's SLS, Orion, and Exploration Ground Systems," Wednesday, September 18, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Acting NASA Associate Administrator for Human Exploration and Operations, Ken Bowersox, testifies during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “Developing Core Capabilities for Deep Space Exploration: An Update on NASA's SLS, Orion, and Exploration Ground Systems," Wednesday, September 18, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Acting NASA Associate Administrator for Human Exploration and Operations, Ken Bowersox, shoes are seen during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “Developing Core Capabilities for Deep Space Exploration: An Update on NASA's SLS, Orion, and Exploration Ground Systems," Wednesday, September 18, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Doug Cooke, owner, Cooke Concepts and Solutions, testifies during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “Developing Core Capabilities for Deep Space Exploration: An Update on NASA's SLS, Orion, and Exploration Ground Systems," Wednesday, September 18, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Congressman Brian Babin, R-Texas, asks NASA Associate Administrator, Human Exploration and Operations, Bill Gerstenmaier, a question during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “A Review of NASA’s Plans for the International Space Station and Future Activities in Low Earth Orbit," Wednesday, July 10, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Associate Administrator, Human Exploration and Operations, Bill Gerstenmaier, right, speaks with Chair of the Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee, Congresswoman Kendra Horn, D-Okla., second from left, after he testified during a House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “A Review of NASA’s Plans for the International Space Station and Future Activities in Low Earth Orbit," Wednesday, July 10, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Associate Administrator, Human Exploration and Operations, Bill Gerstenmaier, left, shakes hands with Congressman Michael Waltz, R-Fla., before testifying during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “A Review of NASA’s Plans for the International Space Station and Future Activities in Low Earth Orbit," Wednesday, July 10, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Portraits of past House Science and Technology Committee Chairmen, Sherwood Boehlert, left, and Ralph Hall are seen as NASA Associate Administrator, Human Exploration and Operations William Gerstenmaier testifies during a House Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics hearing titled "Keeping our sights on Mars: A Review of NASA's Deep Space Exploration Programs and Lunar Proposal", Wednesday, May 8, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

From left to right, NASA Associate Administrator, Human Exploration and Operations, Bill Gerstenmaier; NASA Inspector General, Paul Martin; Commercial Spaceflight Federation President, Eric Stallmer; and University of Mississippi Professor Emerita and Editor in Chief of the Journal of Space Law, Joanne Gabrynowicz testify during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “A Review of NASA’s Plans for the International Space Station and Future Activities in Low Earth Orbit," Wednesday, July 10, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

From left to right, NASA Associate Administrator, Human Exploration and Operations, Bill Gerstenmaier; NASA Inspector General, Paul Martin; Commercial Spaceflight Federation President, Eric Stallmer; and University of Mississippi Professor Emerita and Editor in Chief of the Journal of Space Law, Joanne Gabrynowicz testify during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “A Review of NASA’s Plans for the International Space Station and Future Activities in Low Earth Orbit," Wednesday, July 10, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

From left to right, NASA Associate Administrator, Human Exploration and Operations, Bill Gerstenmaier; NASA Inspector General, Paul Martin; Commercial Spaceflight Federation President, Eric Stallmer; and University of Mississippi Professor Emerita and Editor in Chief of the Journal of Space Law, Joanne Gabrynowicz react to a comment by Congressman Pete Olson (R-TX) during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “A Review of NASA’s Plans for the International Space Station and Future Activities in Low Earth Orbit," Wednesday, July 10, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Acting NASA Associate Administrator for Human Exploration and Operations, Ken Bowersox, left, Cristina Chaplain, director, Contracting and National Security Acquisitions, U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO), center, and Doug Cooke, owner, Cooke Concepts and Solutions, right, testify during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “Developing Core Capabilities for Deep Space Exploration: An Update on NASA's SLS, Orion, and Exploration Ground Systems," Wednesday, September 18, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Associate Administrator, Human Exploration and Operations William Gerstenmaier, left, NASA Special Assistant to the Administrator Mark Sirangelo, Director, Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Co-Chair of the Former Committee on Human Spaceflight, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Dr. Jonathan Lunine, Chair, Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel Dr. Patricia Sanders, and, President, Faulconer Consulting Group, LLC Mr. Walt Faulconer, right, are seen during a House Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics hearing titled "Keeping our sights on Mars: A Review of NASA's Deep Space Exploration Programs and Lunar Proposal", Wednesday, May 8, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

From left to right, NASA Associate Administrator, Human Exploration and Operations, Bill Gerstenmaier; NASA Inspector General, Paul Martin; Commercial Spaceflight Federation President, Eric Stallmer; and University of Mississippi Professor Emerita and Editor in Chief of the Journal of Space Law, Joanne Gabrynowicz testify during a Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee hearing titled, “A Review of NASA’s Plans for the International Space Station and Future Activities in Low Earth Orbit," Wednesday, July 10, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Progress in the Saturn program, depicted below, was described by Dr. Wernher von Braun, Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Director, in an appearance before the Senate Committee of Aeronautical and Space Sciences. "The flight configuration of the giant three-stage Saturn C-1 rocket (later called Saturn I Block I) is seen in the Fabrication and Assembly Engineering Division at MSFC. Dwarfed by the 180-foot C-1 are a Juno II rocket (left rear) and a Mercury-Redstone rocket (front foreground). The C-1 (first version of the Saturn rocket) is composed of an S-1 first stage or booster (rear), powered by eight H-1 engines having a thrust of 1,500,000 pounds, followed by a dummy S-IV second stage and a dummy S-V third stage. The "live" S-IV for later flights, under development by Douglas Aircraft Co., will be powered by four Pratt Whitney LR-119 engines having 17,500,000 pounds thrust each. The live S-V, under development by Convair Division of General Dynamics Corp., will use two LR-119 engines. With all three stages live, the C-1 will be capable of placing 19,000 pounds into a 300-mile Earth orbit, sending 5,000 pounds to escape velocity, or lofting 2,500 pounds to Mars or Venus. The second version Saturn C-2 (later called Saturn 1 Block II) would double these capabilities. Early C-1 flights will employ a live S-1 with dummy upper stages. The first such flight is scheduled late this year."

Michael Moloney, Director for Space and Aeronautics at the Space Studies Board and the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board of the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, delivers opening remarks during an event celebrating the 60th Anniversary of the Explorer 1 mission and the discovery of Earth's radiation belts, Wednesday, Jan. 31, 2018, at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington. The first U.S. satellite, Explorer 1, was launched from Cape Canaveral on January 31, 1958. The 30-pound satellite would yield a major scientific discovery, the Van Allen radiation belts circling our planet, and begin six decades of groundbreaking space science and human exploration. (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – Inside the Educator Resource Center at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida, science teacher April Lanotte displays the Museum in a Box that contains activities and learning materials for K-12 students. Lanotte, who is an Albert Einstein Distinguished Educator Fellow working in NASA’s Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate, was at Kennedy to train education specialists and Kennedy Educate to Innovate program volunteers in the new series of lessons and activities. The Museum in a Box is a program designed to teach physical science through aeronautics using hands-on activities and experiments. Photo credit: NASA_Jim Grossmann

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – Inside the Educator Resource Center at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida, science teacher April Lanotte displays materials used for the Museum in a Box activities for K-12 students. Lanotte, who is an Albert Einstein Distinguished Educator Fellow working in NASA’s Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate, was at Kennedy to train education specialists and Kennedy Educate to Innovate program volunteers in the new series of lessons and activities. The Museum in a Box is a program designed to teach physical science through aeronautics using hands-on activities and experiments. Photo credit: NASA_Jim Grossmann

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – Inside the Educator Resource Center at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida, science teacher April Lanotte demonstrates one of the Museum in a Box experiments designed for K-12 students. Lanotte, who is an Albert Einstein Distinguished Educator Fellow working in NASA’s Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate, was at Kennedy to train education specialists and Kennedy Educate to Innovate program volunteers in the new series of lessons and activities. The Museum in a Box is a program designed to teach physical science through aeronautics using hands-on activities and experiments. Photo credit: NASA_Jim Grossmann

NASA Associate Administrator for Aeronautics Research, Robert Pearce, discusses the agency’s goals during the annual State of NASA address, Monday, March 11, 2024, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters Building in Washington. NASA leaders discussed plans for promoting U.S. leadership in space exploration, improving life on Earth through science and innovation, humanity’s return to the Moon under the Artemis campaign, aeronautics, and more. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

jsc2024e067094 (1/14/2024) --- Kent State University’s co-principal investigators, Mackenzie Guy and Jonathan King from the College of Aeronautics and Engineering, develop their experiment in the Design Lab located in the Aeronautics and Engineering Building. Their experiment, The Effects of Microgravity on Pisum sativum Roots, is part of the Nanoracks-National Center for Earth and Space Science Education-Surveyor-Student Spaceflight Experiments Program Mission 18 to ISS (Nanoracks-NCESSE-Surveyor-SSEP).

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies during a House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2020 budget request for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Tuesday, April 2, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Dr. Wernher von Braun, Director of Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), teams up with Senator Robert S. Kerr, a chairman of the Senate Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences to break ground for MSFC's new Central Laboratory and Office Facility.

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies during a House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2020 budget request for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Tuesday, April 2, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies during a House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2020 budget request for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Tuesday, April 2, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies during a House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2020 budget request for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Tuesday, April 2, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies during a House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2020 budget request for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Tuesday, April 2, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies during a House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2020 budget request for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Tuesday, April 2, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine's hands are seen as he testifies during a House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2020 budget request for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Tuesday, April 2, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies during a House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2020 budget request for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Tuesday, April 2, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies during a House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2020 budget request for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Tuesday, April 2, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies during a House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2020 budget request for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Tuesday, April 2, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies during a House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2020 budget request for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Tuesday, April 2, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies during a House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2020 budget request for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Tuesday, April 2, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies during a House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2020 budget request for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Tuesday, April 2, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies during a House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2020 budget request for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Tuesday, April 2, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies during a House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2020 budget request for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Tuesday, April 2, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

U.S. Congressman Dana Rohrabacher, R-CA, makes a point during the U.S. House of Representatives' Committee on Science and Technology, Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics to discuss proposed changes to NASA's exploration program on Wednesday, March 24, 2010, on Capitol Hill in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

Shana Dale testifies at her confirmation hearing before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, Nov. 1, 2005, on Capitol Hill in Washington. Dale was nominated by President Bush to be the deputy administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Shana Dale testifies at her confirmation hearing before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, Nov. 1, 2005, on Capitol Hill in Washington. Dale was nominated by President Bush to be the deputy administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Shana Dale testifies at her confirmation hearing before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, Nov. 1, 2005, on Capitol Hill in Washington. Dale was nominated by President Bush to be the deputy administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

A. Thomas Young, retired Executive Vice President, Lockheed Martin, appears before the U.S. House of Representatives' Committee on Science and Technology, Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics to discuss proposed changes to NASA's exploration program on Wednesday, March 24, 2010, on Capitol Hill in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

A. Thomas Young, right, retired Executive Vice President, Lockheed Martin, speaks before the U.S. House of Representatives' Committee on Science and Technology, Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics to discuss proposed changes to NASA's exploration program on Wednesday, March 24, 2010, on Capitol Hill in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

Acting NASA Administrator Robert Lightfoot testifies during a House Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2018 budget request for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Thursday, June 8, 2017 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Acting NASA Administrator Robert Lightfoot testifies during a House Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2018 budget request for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Thursday, June 8, 2017 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Acting NASA Administrator Robert Lightfoot testifies during a House Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2018 budget request for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Thursday, June 8, 2017 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Shana Dale testifies at her confirmation hearing before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, Nov. 1, 2005, on Capitol Hill in Washington. Dale was nominated by President Bush to be the deputy administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Douglas R. Cooke, NASA's Associate Administrator for Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD), appears before the U.S. House of Representatives' Committee on Science and Technology, Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics to discuss proposed changes to NASA's exploration program on Wednesday, March 24, 2010, on Capitol Hill in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

Acting NASA Administrator Robert Lightfoot testifies during a House Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2018 budget request for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Thursday, June 8, 2017 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Acting NASA Administrator Robert Lightfoot testifies during a House Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2018 budget request for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Thursday, June 8, 2017 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Shana Dale testifies at her confirmation hearing before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, Nov. 1, 2005, on Capitol Hill in Washington. Dale was nominated by President Bush to be the deputy administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Shana Dale testifies at her confirmation hearing before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, Nov. 1, 2005, on Capitol Hill in Washington. Dale was nominated by President Bush to be the deputy administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Acting NASA Administrator Robert Lightfoot testifies during a House Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2018 budget request for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Thursday, June 8, 2017 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Douglas R. Cooke, NASA's Associate Administrator for Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD), appears before the U.S. House of Representatives' Committee on Science and Technology, Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics to discuss proposed changes to NASA's exploration program on Wednesday, March 24, 2010, on Capitol Hill in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

Shana Dale testifies at her confirmation hearing before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, Nov. 1, 2005, on Capitol Hill in Washington. Dale was nominated by President Bush to be the deputy administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Douglas R. Cooke, NASA's Associate Administrator for Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD), appears before the U.S. House of Representatives' Committee on Science and Technology, Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics to discuss proposed changes to NASA's exploration program on Wednesday, March 24, 2010, on Capitol Hill in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

Acting NASA Administrator Robert Lightfoot testifies during a House Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2018 budget request for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Thursday, June 8, 2017 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Associate Administrator for Science, Nicky Fox, discusses the agency’s goals during the annual State of NASA address, Monday, March 11, 2024, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters Building in Washington. NASA leaders discussed plans for promoting U.S. leadership in space exploration, improving life on Earth through science and innovation, humanity’s return to the Moon under the Artemis campaign, aeronautics, and more. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Associate Administrator for Science, Nicky Fox, discusses the agency’s goals during the annual State of NASA address, Monday, March 11, 2024, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters Building in Washington. NASA leaders discussed plans for promoting U.S. leadership in space exploration, improving life on Earth through science and innovation, humanity’s return to the Moon under the Artemis campaign, aeronautics, and more. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Paul Curto (left), chief technologist with NASA’s Inventions and Contributions Board, learns from bioengineer Tony Rector (right) about a wastewater processing project Rector is working on in the Space Life Sciences Lab. Curto is visiting KSC to talk to innovators and encourage workers to submit technologies for future Space Act Awards. The Inventions and Contributions Board, established in 1958, is a major contributor in rewarding outstanding scientific or technical contributions sponsored, adopted, supported or used by NASA that are significant to aeronautics and space activities.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Paul Curto (left), chief technologist with NASA’s Inventions and Contributions Board, learns about research being done in the Space Life Sciences Lab from Jessica Prenger, senior agricultural engineer. Curto is visiting KSC to talk to innovators and encourage workers to submit technologies for future Space Act Awards. The Inventions and Contributions Board, established in 1958, is a major contributor in rewarding outstanding scientific or technical contributions sponsored, adopted, supported or used by NASA that are significant to aeronautics and space activities.

Chairwoman Eddie Bernice Johnson, D-Texas, of the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, presides over a hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2020 budget request for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, where NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testified, Tuesday, April 2, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Associate Administrator for Space Operations, Ken Bowersox, discusses the agency’s goals during the annual State of NASA address, Monday, March 11, 2024, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters Building in Washington. NASA leaders discussed plans for promoting U.S. leadership in space exploration, improving life on Earth through science and innovation, humanity’s return to the Moon under the Artemis campaign, aeronautics, and more. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

U.S. Rep. Anthony Gonzalez, R-Ohio, asks NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine a question during a House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2020 budget request for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Tuesday, April 2, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Associate Administrator for Space Technology, Spuds Vogel, discusses the agency’s goals during the annual State of NASA address, Monday, March 11, 2024, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters Building in Washington. NASA leaders discussed plans for promoting U.S. leadership in space exploration, improving life on Earth through science and innovation, humanity’s return to the Moon under the Artemis campaign, aeronautics, and more. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Resident Commissioner Jenniffer González-Colón, R-Puerto Rico, asks NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine a question during a House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2020 budget request for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Tuesday, April 2, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

U.S. Rep. Brian Babin, R-Texas, asks NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine a question during a House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2020 budget request for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Tuesday, April 2, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Associate Administrator for Space Technology, Spuds Vogel, discusses the agency’s goals during the annual State of NASA address, Monday, March 11, 2024, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters Building in Washington. NASA leaders discussed plans for promoting U.S. leadership in space exploration, improving life on Earth through science and innovation, humanity’s return to the Moon under the Artemis campaign, aeronautics, and more. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine, right, speaks with Congress members just before testifying during a House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2020 budget request for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Tuesday, April 2, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

U.S. Rep. Haley Stevens, D-Mich., asks NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine a question during a House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2020 budget request for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Tuesday, April 2, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

U.S. Rep. Bill Foster, D-Ill., asks NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine a question during a House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2020 budget request for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Tuesday, April 2, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

U.S. Rep. Pete Olson, R-Texas, asks NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine a question during a House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2020 budget request for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Tuesday, April 2, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)