STS042-27-037 (22-30 Jan. 1992) --- Astronaut David C. Hilmers, STS-42 mission specialist, wearing a helmet assembly, sits in the Microgravity Vestibular Investigation (MVI) rotating chair. The scene is in the International Microgravity Laboratory (IML-1) science module aboard Discovery. Hilmers, a mission specialist, and six other crewmembers spent more than eight days in Earth-orbit conducting experiments. Hilmer's helmet assembly is outfitted with accelerometers to measure head movements and visors that fit over each eye independently to provide visual stimuli. The chair system has three movement patterns: "sinusoidal" or traveling predictably back and forth over the same distance at a constant speed; "pseudorandom" or moving back and forth over the varying distances; and "stepped" or varying speeds beginning and stopping suddenly.

This 1970 photograph shows the Rotating Litter Chair, a major component of Skylab's Human Vestibular Function experiment (M131). The experiment was a set of medical studies designed to determine the effect of long-duration space missions on astronauts' coordination abilities. The M131 experiment tested the astronauts susceptibility to motion sickness in the Skylab environment, acquired data fundamental to an understanding of the functions of human gravity reception under prolonged absence of gravity, and tested for changes in the sensitivity of the semicircular canals. Data from this experiment was collected before, during, and after flight. The Marshall Space Flight Center had program management responsibility for the development of Skylab hardware and experiments.

Spaceflight Participant Charles Simonyi participates in the spin chair training at the Cosmonaut Hotel, Saturday, March 21, 2009 in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. (Photo Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls)

STS-26 Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103, Mission Specialist (MS) John M. Lounge relaxes in reclining chair after donning his orange launch and entry suit (LES) at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Operations and Checkout (O&C) Building. Upon completion of preflight suit tests, crewmembers will head to the launch pad.

STS042-06-031 (30 Jan 1992) - - - STS-42 Payload Specialist Roberta L. Bondar gets into the Microgravity Vestibular Investigations (MVI) rotator chair to begin an experiment. The chair is mounted in the center aisle of the International Microgravity Laboratory 1 (IML-1) Spacelab (SL) module. Just above Bondar's head is the helmet assembly which is outfitted with accelerometers to measure head movements and visors that fit over each eye independently to provide visual stimuli. The chair system has three movement patterns: "sinusoidal" or traveling predictably back and forth over the same distance at a constant speed; "pseudorandom" or moving back and forth over varying distances; and "stepped" or varying speeds beginning and stopping suddenly.

During MIT's "Better MIT Innovation Week 2018," a group of experts discussed innovation as a critical component to and professional accomplishment. From left: Rebecca Chui, founder, RootsStudio; Reinaldo Normand, entrepreneur in residence, MIT; Douglas Terrier, NASA chief technologist; Linda Foster, chief technologist, Lockheed Martin. (Photo: Damian Barabonkov/MIT Technique)

NASA Advisory Council Meeting at NASA Ames Research Center NRP Conference Center. on the bus conversations Charlie Bolden, NASA Administrator, Marion Blakey, Chair, Aeronautics Committee and Dr Westley T Huntress, Jr., Chair, Science Committee

Vibration effects on Humans in a Biased Acceleration Field with David Millengurg in chair

Vibration effects on Humans in a Biased Acceleration Field with David Millerburg in chair

An astronaut training in 1965 for the Gemini missions, using a simulator chair based on an Ames design

Professor Patricia Burchat, Chair of the Physics Department at Stanford University presents a Director's Colloquium entitled 'The Dark Side of the Universe'.

Six degree motion simulator, S.01 chair with V. Merrick at the Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

U.S. Space Camp California 'Day Camp' Grand Opening student tries out gyro chair

PILOT KENNETH C. WHITE IN CHAIR. Space Shuttle Vehicle Simulation. SSV COCKPIT IN THE MOVING-CAB TRANSPORT SIMULATOR (S.16)

Expedition 10 Commander Leroy Chiao, right, looks on as Russian Space Forces cosmonaut Yuri Shargin takes a spin in a rotating chair at their crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Friday, October 8, 2004, as they prepare for launch to the International Space Station October 14 with Flight Engineer and Soyuz Commander Salizhan Sharipov. The chair is designed to condition the crewmembers' vestibular system against the effects of weightlessness once on orbit. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

According to one ancient legend, a Chinese official named Wan Hoo attempted a flight to the moon using a large wicker chair to which were fastened 47 large rockets. Forty seven assistants, each armed with a torch, rushed forward to light the fuses. In a moment, there was a tremendous roar accompanied by billowing clouds of smoke. When the smoke cleared, the flying chair and Wan Hoo were gone.

This Space Shuttle Orbiter Discovery (STS-42) onboard photo shows Canadian Payload Specialist Roberta Bondar getting into the Microgravity Vestibular Investigation (MVI) chair to begin an experiment in the International Microgravity Lab-1 (IML-1) Science Module. The (MVI) chair was designed to test the crew member's visual and vestibular responses to head and body movements.

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson, left, NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy, right, and S Somanath, Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), center, pose for a picture following a meeting to discuss ways to enhance bilateral space cooperation on Wednesday, Feb. 1, 2023, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson and NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy are seen during a meeting with S Somanath, Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), to discuss ways to enhance bilateral space cooperation on Wednesday, Feb. 1, 2023, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

S Somanath, Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), center, is seen during a meeting with NASA Administrator Bill Nelson and NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy to discuss ways to enhance bilateral space cooperation on Wednesday, Feb. 1, 2023, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson, NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy, and S Somanath, Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), meet to discuss ways to enhance bilateral space cooperation on Wednesday, Feb. 1, 2023, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Aeronautics Technical Seminar: Dr. Elisabeth Pate-Cornell, Burt and Deedee McMurtry professor and chair of the Department of Management Science and Engineering at Stanford University presents 'Lessons Learned in Applying Engineering Risk Analysis'.

NASA Advisory Council Meeting at NASA Ames Research Center NRP Conference Center. Gary Martin, Ames Director of New Ventures & Communication (left) with Brett Alexander, Chair, Commercial Space Committee

Aeronautics Technical Seminar: Dr. Elisabeth Pate-Cornell, Burt and Deedee McMurtry professor and chair of the Department of Management Science and Engineering at Stanford University presents 'Lessons Learned in Applying Engineering Risk Analysis'.

NASA Advisory Council Meeting at NASA Ames Research Center NRP Conference Center. Charlie Bolden, NASA Administrator, Marion Blakey, Chair, Aeronautics Committee and Jack Boyd, Ames Senior Advisor to Center Director/Historian

Professor Patricia Burchat, Chair of the Physics Department at Stanford University presents a Director's Colloquium entitled 'The Dark Side of the Universe'. A video of the presentation is currently available at the NASA Ames Library.

Professor Patricia Burchat, Chair of the Physics Department at Stanford University presents a Director's Colloquium entitled 'The Dark Side of the Universe'. A video of the presentation is currently available at the NASA Ames Library.

Aeronautics Technical Seminar: Dr. Elisabeth Pate-Cornell, Burt and Deedee McMurtry professor and chair of the Department of Management Science and Engineering at Stanford University presents 'Lessons Learned in Applying Engineering Risk Analysis'.

Aeronautics Technical Seminar: Dr. Elisabeth Pate-Cornell, Burt and Deedee McMurtry professor and chair of the Department of Management Science and Engineering at Stanford University presents 'Lessons Learned in Applying Engineering Risk Analysis'.

Aeronautics Technical Seminar: Dr. Elisabeth Pate-Cornell, Burt and Deedee McMurtry professor and chair of the Department of Management Science and Engineering at Stanford University presents 'Lessons Learned in Applying Engineering Risk Analysis'.

Norman Augustine, chair, listens to a speaker's presentation during the final meeting of the Human Space Flight Review Committee, Wednesday, Aug. 12, 2009, in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

jsc2017e137339 - At the Cosmonaut Hotel crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 54-55 prime crewmember Scott Tingle of NASA tests his vestibular skills on a rotating chair Dec. 11 as part of his pre-launch training. Tingle, Norishige Kanai of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and Anton Shkaplerov of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) will launch Dec. 17 on the Soyuz MS-07 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome for a five month mission on the International Space Station...Andrey Shelepin / Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.

At the Cosmonaut Hotel crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 46-47 crewmember Tim Peake of the European Space Agency took a turn in a spinning chair to test his vestibular system Dec. 9 as part of his pre-launch training. Peake, Yuri Malenchenko of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) and Tim Kopra of NASA will launch Dec. 15 on their Soyuz TMA-19M spacecraft for a six-month mission on the International Space Station. NASA/Victor Zelentsov

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - The Stafford-Covey Return to Flight Task Group (SCTG) inspects debris in the Columbia Debris Hangar. At right is the model of the left wing that has been used during recovery operations. Chairing the task group are Richard O. Covey, former Space Shuttle commander, and Thomas P. Stafford (third from right, foreground), Apollo commander. Chartered by NASA Administrator Sean O’Keefe, the task group will perform an independent assessment of NASA’s implementation of the final recommendations by the Columbia Accident Investigation Board.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - In the Columbia Debris Hangar, members of the Stafford-Covey Return to Flight Task Group (SCTG) look at tiles recovered. Chairing the task group are Richard O. Covey, former Space Shuttle commander, and Thomas P. Stafford (center), Apollo commander. Chartered by NASA Administrator Sean O’Keefe, the task group will perform an independent assessment of NASA’s implementation of the final recommendations by the Columbia Accident Investigation Board.

At the Cosmonaut Hotel in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 48-49 crewmember Kate Rubins of NASA takes a spin in a rotating chair to test her vestibular system June 30 as part of pre-launch activities. Rubins, Anatoly Ivanishin of Roscosmos and Takuya Onishi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency will launch July 7, Baikonur time, on the Soyuz MS-01 spacecraft for a planned four-month mission on the International Space Station. NASA/Alexander Vysotsky

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - As the Stafford-Covey Return to Flight Task Group (SCTG) tours the Orbiter Processing Facility, Richard O. Covey (second from left), former Space Shuttle commander, points to equipment. Covey is co-chair of the SCTG along with Thomas P. Stafford, Apollo commander. Others in the photo are William Wegner, James Adamson and Joe Engle. Chartered by NASA Administrator Sean O’Keefe, the task group will perform an independent assessment of NASA’s implementation of the final recommendations by the Columbia Accident Investigation Board.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - The Stafford-Covey Return to Flight Task Group (SCTG) visits the Columbia Debris Hangar . Chairing the task group are Richard O. Covey (third from right), former Space Shuttle commander, and Thomas P. Stafford (fourth from right), Apollo commander. Chartered by NASA Administrator Sean O’Keefe, the task group will perform an independent assessment of NASA’s implementation of the final recommendations by the Columbia Accident Investigation Board.

At the Cosmonaut Hotel in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, Expedition 48-49 crewmember Takuya Onishi of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency takes a spin in a rotating chair to test his vestibular system June 30 as part of pre-launch activities. Onishi, Kate Rubins of NASA and Anatoly Ivanishin of Roscosmos will launch July 7, Baikonur time, on the Soyuz MS-01 spacecraft for a planned four-month mission on the International Space Station. NASA/Alexander Vysotsky

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - In the Columbia Debris Hangar, Shuttle Launch Director Mike Leinbach (left) talks to members of the Stafford-Covey Return to Flight Task Group (SCTG) about reconstruction efforts. Chairing the task group are Richard O. Covey (second from right), former Space Shuttle commander, and Thomas P. Stafford, Apollo commander. Chartered by NASA Administrator Sean O’Keefe, the task group will perform an independent assessment of NASA’s implementation of the final recommendations by the Columbia Accident Investigation Board.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - In the Columbia Debris Hangar, Shuttle Launch Director Mike Leinbach answers questions from the Stafford-Covey Return to Flight Task Group (SCTG). Chairing the task group are Richard O. Covey (fifth from left), former Space Shuttle commander, and Thomas P. Stafford, Apollo commander. Chartered by NASA Administrator Sean O’Keefe, the task group will perform an independent assessment of NASA’s implementation of the final recommendations by the Columbia Accident Investigation Board.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - In the Columbia Debris Hangar, members of the Stafford-Covey Return to Flight Task Group (SCTG) inspect some of the debris. Chairing the task group are Richard O. Covey, former Space Shuttle commander, and Thomas P. Stafford (fourth from left), Apollo commander. Chartered by NASA Administrator Sean O’Keefe, the task group will perform an independent assessment of NASA’s implementation of the final recommendations by the Columbia Accident Investigation Board.

Dr. Temple Grandin, second from left, pauses for a photo after giving the keynote presentation at Kennedy Space Center's annual National Disability Employment Awareness Month (NDEAM) event. From left are Chief Financial Officer Susan Kroskey, executive champion of Kennedy's Disability Awareness and Action Working Group, or DAAWG; Grandin; Joette Feeney, chair of the Kennedy Networking Opportunities for Women group, or KNOW; and DAAWG Co-chairs Nicole Delvesco and Annie Williams. A prominent author and speaker on animal behavior and autism, Grandin is a professor of animal science at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado. Kennedy's DAAWG and KNOW groups partnered to sponsor the presentation.

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – Bohdan Bejmuk, chair of Constellation Program Standing Review Board, is seated at the conference table for the introduces the Augustine Commission, meeting in Cocoa Beach, Fla. At the request of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, NASA established the Review of U.S. Human Space Flight Plans Committee, known as the Augustine Commission. Chaired by Norman R. Augustine, retired chairman and CEO of Lockheed Martin Corp., the committee is conducting an independent review of ongoing U.S. human spaceflight plans and programs, as well as alternatives, to ensure the nation is pursuing the best trajectory for the future of human space flight - one that is safe, innovative, affordable, and sustainable. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

S85-26553 (Feb 1985) --- STS-40/SLS-1 payload specialist Millie Hughes-Fulford sits strapped in the special device scientists have developed for determining mass on orbit. As the chair swings back and forth, a timer records how much the crewmember's mass retards the chair's movement. Dr. Hughes-Fulford will be joined by three mission specialists, the mission commander, the pilot and a second payload specialist for the scheduled 10-day Spacelab Life Sciences-1 (SLS-1) mission. The flight is totally dedicated to biological and medical experimentation.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) pilot Joe Algranti tests the Multi-Axis Space Test Inertia Facility (MASTIF) inside the Altitude Wind Tunnel while researcher Robert Miller looks on. The MASTIF was a three-axis rig with a pilot’s chair mounted in the center to train Project Mercury pilots to bring a spinning spacecraft under control. An astronaut was secured in a foam couch in the center of the rig. The rig then spun on three axes from 2 to 50 rotations per minute. Small nitrogen gas thrusters were used by the astronauts to bring the MASTIF under control. The device was originally designed in early 1959 without the chair and controllers. It was used by Lewis researchers to determine if the Lewis-designed autopilot system could rectify the capsule’s attitude following separation. If the control system failed to work properly, the heatshield would be out of place and the spacecraft would burn up during reentry. The system was flight tested during the September 1959 launch of the Lewis-assembled Big Joe capsule. The MASTIF was adapted in late 1959 for the astronaut training. NASA engineers added a pilot’s chair, a hand controller, and an instrument display to the MASTIF in order familiarize the astronauts with the sensations of an out-of-control spacecraft. NASA Lewis researcher James Useller and Algranti perfected and calibrated the MASTIF in the fall of 1959. In February and March 1960, the seven Project Mercury astronauts traveled to Cleveland to train on the MASTIF.

Senator Jeanne Shaheen, D-N.H., Chair Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee questions NASA Administrator Bill Nelson during a hearing on NASA’s budget, Tuesday, May 3, 2022, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Sen. Barbara Mikulski, D-Md., left, talks with Tam O'Shaughnessy, Sally Ride's life partner and chair, board of directors of Sally Ride Science, prior to the National Tribute to Sally Ride at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Monday, May 20, 2013 in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

The National Space Council meet in Huntsville, Alabama at the U.S. Space and Rocket Center’s Davidson Center. The meeting was chaired by Vice President Mike Pence with members of the local community, NASA Marshall members and area media in attendance. NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine addressed the Vice President and the Council on upcoming plans for NASA and the space program.

Actress Eva Longoria, Co-Chair of the Presidential Inaugural Committee, speaks at the National Day of Service on the National Mall, Saturday, January 19, 2013, in Washington. NASA along with other federal agencies set up along the Mall as part of events surrounding the inauguration of President Barack Obama. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

John Logsdon, Charles A. Lindbergh chair in aerospace history at the Smithsonianan, left, speaks as other panelists look on during an Apollo History and Legacy roundtable discussion, Thursday, July 16, 2009, at NASA Headquarters in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

NAACP Board Chair Leon Russell delivers remarks during a 5th Annual Hidden Figures Street Naming Anniversary event Thursday, Sept. 19, 2024, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Keegan Barber)

NAACP Board Chair Leon Russell delivers remarks during a 5th Annual Hidden Figures Street Naming Anniversary event Thursday, Sept. 19, 2024, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Keegan Barber)

Dr. Edward Crawley, Ford Professor of Engineering at MIT and co-chair, NASA Exploration Technology Development Program Review Committee speaks during the final meeting of the Human Space Flight Review Committee, Wednesday, Aug. 12, 2009, in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

The National Space Council meet in Huntsville, Alabama at the U.S. Space and Rocket Center’s Davidson Center. The meeting was chaired by Vice President Mike Pence with members of the local community, NASA Marshall members and area media in attendance. NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine addressed the Vice President and the Council on upcoming plans for NASA and the space program.

The National Space Council meet in Huntsville, Alabama at the U.S. Space and Rocket Center’s Davidson Center. The meeting was chaired by Vice President Mike Pence with members of the local community, NASA Marshall members and area media in attendance. NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine addressed the Vice President and the Council on upcoming plans for NASA and the space program.

The National Space Council meet in Huntsville, Alabama at the U.S. Space and Rocket Center’s Davidson Center. The meeting was chaired by Vice President Mike Pence with members of the local community, NASA Marshall members and area media in attendance. NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine addressed the Vice President and the Council on upcoming plans for NASA and the space program.

Astronauts Memorial Foundation Board Chair Eileen Collins, a former space shuttle commander, speaks during this year's Day of Remembrance ceremony at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex. Each year spaceport employees and guests join others throughout NASA honoring the contributions of astronauts who have perished in the conquest of space.

Acting NASA Administrator Robert Lightfoot, in his luncheon speech at the symposium Oct. 26, spoke about the newly reestablished National Space Council chaired by Vice President Mike Pence and NASA’s directive to develop a plan for an innovative and sustainable program of exploration with commercial and international partners to enable human expansion across the solar system

The National Space Council meet in Huntsville, Alabama at the U.S. Space and Rocket Center’s Davidson Center. The meeting was chaired by Vice President Mike Pence with members of the local community, NASA Marshall members and area media in attendance. NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine addressed the Vice President and the Council on upcoming plans for NASA and the space program.

Michael Neufeld, chair of the division of space history at the National Air and Space Museum, speaks during an Apollo History and Legacy roundtable discussion, Thursday, July 16, 2009, at NASA Headquarters in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

Astronaut Edward T. Lu, Expedition 7 NASA International Space Station Science Officer and Flight Engineer, smiles while resting in a chair after landing in the Soyuz TMA-2 spacecraft in Kazakhstan on Monday, October 27, 2003 at 9:41 p.m. (EST). Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

The National Space Council meet in Huntsville, Alabama at the U.S. Space and Rocket Center’s Davidson Center. The meeting was chaired by Vice President Mike Pence with members of the local community, NASA Marshall members and area media in attendance. NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine addressed the Vice President and the Council on upcoming plans for NASA and the space program.

The National Space Council meet in Huntsville, Alabama at the U.S. Space and Rocket Center’s Davidson Center. The meeting was chaired by Vice President Mike Pence with members of the local community, NASA Marshall members and area media in attendance. NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine addressed the Vice President and the Council on upcoming plans for NASA and the space program.

NAACP Board Chair Leon Russell delivers remarks during a 5th Annual Hidden Figures Street Naming Anniversary event Thursday, Sept. 19, 2024, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Keegan Barber)

Expedition 10 Flight Engineer and Soyuz Commander Salizhan Sharipov sits in a chair after being pulled out of the Soyuz TMA-5 capsule, which landed northeast of the town of Arkalyk, Kazakhstan on Monday, April 25, 2005. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Vice President Mike Pence chairs a meeting of the National Space Council in the high bay of the Space Station Processing Facility at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, on Feb. 21, 2018. The council's role is to advise the president regarding national space policy and strategy, and review the nation's long-range goals for space activities.

Chair Kendra Horn, D-OK., opens the House Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics hearing titled "Keeping our sights on Mars: A Review of NASA's Deep Space Exploration Programs and Lunar Proposal", Wednesday, May 8, 2019 at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Senator Jeanne Shaheen, D-N.H., Chair Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee talks with NASA Administrator Bill Nelson prior to a hearing, Tuesday, May 3, 2022, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

3/4 lower front view of Controllable Twist Rotor (CTR) test of 4 blade helicopter model. Pictures with Ben Mandwyler Andy Lemnios, John McCloud (wheel chair), in 40x80 foot wind tunnel. Small flaps on rotor blades.

Former first daughter Chelsea Clinton kicks off the National Day of Service on the National Mall, Saturday, January 19, 2013, in Washington. She urged Americans to get involved in service projects in their communities. Clinton will serve as honorary chair of the 2013 National Day of Service. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

The National Space Council meet in Huntsville, Alabama at the U.S. Space and Rocket Center’s Davidson Center. The meeting was chaired by Vice President Mike Pence with members of the local community, NASA Marshall members and area media in attendance. NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine addressed the Vice President and the Council on upcoming plans for NASA and the space program.

Howard University Professor and Chair of the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dr. Quinton Williams gives NASA astronaut Jessica Watkins a tour of the Renewable Energy/Battery Research Laboratory at Howard University, Friday, March 31, 2023, in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NAACP Board Chair Leon Russell delivers remarks during a 5th Annual Hidden Figures Street Naming Anniversary event Thursday, Sept. 19, 2024, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Keegan Barber)

Former astronaut Dr. Sally Ride, left, confers with Norman Augustine, chair, prior to the start of the final meeting of the Human Space Flight Review Committee, Wednesday, Aug. 12, 2009, in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

ISS015-E-23899 (24 Aug. 2007) --- Cosmonaut Oleg V. Kotov, Expedition 15 flight engineer representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, works in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station. Kotov occupied an "operator seat", which is a portable chair that replicates a crewmember's anatomical back curvature.

At Jetty Park in Port Canaveral, a crowd of approximately 6,000 gathered to view the 7 a.m. space shuttle launch. Many people spent the night at the Brevard County park, equipped with cameras, lawn chairs, and coolers. Jetty Park, south of the space center, was one of the best viewing sites in the county.

Leland Melvin, right, Education Design Team Co-Chair and NASA Astronaut, speaks at the NASA Education Stakeholders’ Summit One Stop Shopping Initiative (OSSI), Monday, Sep. 13, 2010, at the Westfields Marriott Conference Center in Chantilly, VA. (Photo Credit: NASA/Carla Cioffi)

The National Space Council meet in Huntsville, Alabama at the U.S. Space and Rocket Center’s Davidson Center. The meeting was chaired by Vice President Mike Pence with members of the local community, NASA Marshall members and area media in attendance. NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine addressed the Vice President and the Council on upcoming plans for NASA and the space program.

Leland Melvin, right, Education Design Team Co-Chair and NASA Astronaut, speaks at the NASA Education Stakeholders’ Summit One Stop Shopping Initiative (OSSI), Monday, Sep. 13, 2010, at the Westfields Marriott Conference Center in Chantilly, VA. (Photo Credit: NASA/Carla Cioffi)

The National Space Council meet in Huntsville, Alabama at the U.S. Space and Rocket Center’s Davidson Center. The meeting was chaired by Vice President Mike Pence with members of the local community, NASA Marshall members and area media in attendance. NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine addressed the Vice President and the Council on upcoming plans for NASA and the space program.

Former NASA astronaut and co-chair of the local organizing committee for the International Astronautical Congress Sandy Magnus is seen during an interactive STEM discussion with students attending the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Wednesday, Oct. 23, 2019, at NASA Headquarters in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

The National Space Council meet in Huntsville, Alabama at the U.S. Space and Rocket Center’s Davidson Center. The meeting was chaired by Vice President Mike Pence with members of the local community, NASA Marshall members and area media in attendance. NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine addressed the Vice President and the Council on upcoming plans for NASA and the space program.

Members of the National Space Council meet in the high bay of the Space Station Processing Facility at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, on Feb. 21, 2018. Chaired by Vice President Mike Pence, the council's role is to advise the president regarding national space policy and strategy, and review the nation's long-range goals for space activities.

The National Space Council meet in Huntsville, Alabama at the U.S. Space and Rocket Center’s Davidson Center. The meeting was chaired by Vice President Mike Pence with members of the local community, NASA Marshall members and area media in attendance. NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine addressed the Vice President and the Council on upcoming plans for NASA and the space program.

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine, right, and Deputy Administrator Jim Morhard, are seen during a meeting with Pascale Ehrenfreund, Chair of the Executive Board of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and other members of the executive board at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Wednesday, Oct. 23, 2019 in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

iss052e024957 (Aug. 1, 2017) --- Astronaut Paolo Nespoli ingressed the Muscle Atrophy Research & Exercise System (MARES) chair in the Columbus module and adjusted pads and constraints for the Sarcolab-3 ankle protocol. The data collected for Sarcolab-3 will be compared to pre and postflight measurements to assess the impact of hypothesized microgravity induced muscle loss.

NAACP Board Chair Leon Russell delivers remarks during a 5th Annual Hidden Figures Street Naming Anniversary event Thursday, Sept. 19, 2024, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Keegan Barber)

Pascale Ehrenfreund, Chair of the Executive Board of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) is seen during a meeting with NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine, Deputy Administrator Jim Morhard and other senior NASA leaders at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Wednesday, Oct. 23, 2019 in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Astronauts Memorial Foundation Board Chair Eileen Collins, a former space shuttle commander, speaks during this year's Day of Remembrance ceremony at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex. Each year spaceport employees and guests join others throughout NASA honoring the contributions of astronauts who have perished in the conquest of space.

John Logsdon, Charles A. Lindbergh chair in aerospace history at the Smithsonian, emphasizes a point during an Apollo History and Legacy roundtable discussion, Thursday, July 16, 2009, at NASA Headquarters in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

ISS015-E-23906 (24 Aug. 2007) --- Cosmonaut Fyodor N. Yurchikhin, Expedition 15 commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, works in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station. Yurchikhin occupied an "operator seat", which is a portable chair that replicates a crewmember's anatomical back curvature.

The National Space Council meet in Huntsville, Alabama at the U.S. Space and Rocket Center’s Davidson Center. The meeting was chaired by Vice President Mike Pence with members of the local community, NASA Marshall members and area media in attendance. NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine addressed the Vice President and the Council on upcoming plans for NASA and the space program.

Howard University Professor and Chair of the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dr. Quinton Williams gives NASA astronaut Jessica Watkins a tour of the Renewable Energy/Battery Research Laboratory at Howard University, Friday, March 31, 2023, in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

The National Space Council meet in Huntsville, Alabama at the U.S. Space and Rocket Center’s Davidson Center. The meeting was chaired by Vice President Mike Pence with members of the local community, NASA Marshall members and area media in attendance. NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine addressed the Vice President and the Council on upcoming plans for NASA and the space program.

The National Space Council meet in Huntsville, Alabama at the U.S. Space and Rocket Center’s Davidson Center. The meeting was chaired by Vice President Mike Pence with members of the local community, NASA Marshall members and area media in attendance. NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine addressed the Vice President and the Council on upcoming plans for NASA and the space program.

Former first daughter Chelsea Clinton kicks off the National Day of Service on the National Mall, Saturday, January 19, 2013, in Washington. She urged Americans to get involved in service projects in their communities. Clinton will serve as honorary chair of the 2013 National Day of Service. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

Former astronaut Dr. Sally Ride, left, confers with Norman Augustine, chair, prior to the start of the final meeting of the Human Space Flight Review Committee, Wednesday, Aug. 12, 2009, in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

The National Space Council meet in Huntsville, Alabama at the U.S. Space and Rocket Center’s Davidson Center. The meeting was chaired by Vice President Mike Pence with members of the local community, NASA Marshall members and area media in attendance. NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine addressed the Vice President and the Council on upcoming plans for NASA and the space program.

Senator Jeanne Shaheen, D-N.H., Chair Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee questions NASA Administrator Bill Nelson during a hearing on NASA’s budget, Tuesday, May 3, 2022, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)