NASA personnel watch the Changing of the Guard ritual before a wreath is laid at the Tomb of the Unknowns by NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine as part of NASA's Day of Remembrance, Thursday, Feb. 7, 2019, at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Va.  The wreaths were laid in memory of those men and women who lost their lives in the quest for space exploration.  Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)
Day of Remembrance
NASA Administrator Charles Bolden and his wife Alexis watch as Tomb guards with The Old Guard, the 3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment, perform a changing of the guard prior to a wreath-laying ceremony as part of NASA's Day of Remembrance, Wednesday, Jan. 28, 2015, at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Va.  The wreaths were laid in memory of those men and women who lost their lives in the quest for space exploration.  Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
Day of Remembrance
NASA astronauts Mark Vande Hei and Joe Acaba attend the changing of the guards at the Tomb of the Unknown soldier, Friday, June 15, 2018 at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Va. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)
Astronauts Vande Hei and Acaba at the Arlington National Cemeter
A member of The Old Guard, 3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment, are seen during a changing of the guard at the Tomb of the Unknowns ahead of a wreath laying ceremony during NASA's Day of Remembrance, Thursday, Jan. 23, 2025, at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Va.  Wreaths were laid in memory of those men and women who lost their lives in the quest for space exploration.  Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)
Day of Remembrance
Members of The Old Guard, 3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment, are seen during a changing of the guard at the Tomb of the Unknowns ahead of a wreath laying ceremony during NASA's Day of Remembrance, Thursday, Jan. 27, 2022, at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Va.  The wreaths were laid in memory of those men and women who lost their lives in the quest for space exploration.  Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)
Day of Remembrance
NASA astronaut Mark Vande Hei, center, his wife Julie, left, and NASA astronaut Joe Acaba witness the changing of the guards at the Tomb of the Unknown soldier, Friday, June 15, 2018 at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Va. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)
Astronauts Vande Hei and Acaba at the Arlington National Cemeter
NASA leadership and guests watch the changing of the guard at the Tomb of the Unknowns as part of NASA's Day of Remembrance, Thursday, Jan. 23, 2025, at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Va.  Wreaths were laid in memory of those men and women who lost their lives in the quest for space exploration.  Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)
Day of Remembrance
NASA leadership and guests watch the changing of the guard at the Tomb of the Unknowns as part of NASA's Day of Remembrance, Thursday, Jan. 23, 2025, at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Va.  Wreaths were laid in memory of those men and women who lost their lives in the quest for space exploration.  Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)
Day of Remembrance
NASA personnel watch the guard-change ceremony at the Tomb of the Unknowns by as part of NASA's Day of Remembrance, Thursday, Jan. 28, 2021, at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Va.  Wreaths were laid in memory of those men and women who lost their lives in the quest for space exploration.  Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)
Day of Remembrance
NASA astronaut Mark Vande Hei, center, his wife Julie, right, and NASA astronaut Joe Acaba witness the changing of the guards at the Tomb of the Unknown soldier, Friday, June 15, 2018 at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Va. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)
Astronauts Vande Hei and Acaba at the Arlington National Cemeter
NASA astronaut Mark Vande Hei, center, his wife Julie, left, and NASA astronaut Joe Acaba witness the changing of the guards at the Tomb of the Unknown soldier, Friday, June 15, 2018 at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Va. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)
Astronauts Vande Hei and Acaba at the Arlington National Cemeter
The Changing of the Guard at the Tomb of the Unknowns is seen prior to the laying of a wreath as part of NASA’s Day of Remembrance, Thursday, Jan. 30, 2020, at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Va. The wreaths were laid in memory of those men and women who lost their lives in the quest for space exploration.  Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
Day of Remembrance
NASA astronaut Mark Vande Hei, center, his wife Julie, left, and NASA astronaut Joe Acaba witness the changing of the guards at the Tomb of the Unknown soldier, Friday, June 15, 2018 at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Va. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)
Astronauts Vande Hei and Acaba at the Arlington National Cemeter
Scientists and Coast Guard swimmers test the integrity a melt pond on sea ice in the Chukchi Sea on July 9, 2010, before drilling holes through which instruments can be deployed to collect data. The research is part of NASA's ICESCAPE mission onboard the U.S. Coast Guard icebreaker Healy to sample the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the ocean and sea ice. Impacts of Climate change on the Eco-Systems and Chemistry of the Arctic Pacific Environment (ICESCAPE) is a multi-year NASA shipborne project. The bulk of the research will take place in the Beaufort and Chukchi Sea’s in summer of 2010 and fall of 2011. Photo Credit: (NASA/Kathryn Hansen)
ICESCAPE Mission
NASA Astronaut Kayla Barron, left in blue, and NASA acting Administrator Janet Petro, in red, watch the changing of the guard at the Tomb of the Unknowns as part of NASA's Day of Remembrance, Thursday, Jan. 23, 2025, at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Va.  Wreaths were laid in memory of those men and women who lost their lives in the quest for space exploration.  Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)
Day of Remembrance
A vehicle leaves the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory on August 14, 1945. At 7 p.m. that evening President Truman announced that Japan had accepted terms for surrender and World War II was over. The end of the war brought significant changes for the laboratory. The NACA would cease its troubleshooting of military aircraft and return to research. Researchers would increase their efforts to address the new technologies that emerged during the war. The entire laboratory was reorganized in October to better investigate turbojets, ramjets, and rockets.       The guard house sat on the main entrance to the laboratory off of Brookpark Road. The building was fairly small and easily crowded. In the early 1960s a new security facility was built several hundred feet beyond the original guard house. The original structure remained in place for several years but was not utilized. The subsequent structure was replaced in 2011 by a new building and entrance configuration.
Guard House at the Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory
Teams of scientists set up equipment on sea ice not far from the U.S. Coast Guard icebreaker Healy in the Chukchi Sea on July 4, 2010, where they spent the day collecting data. The research is part of NASA's ICESCAPE oceanographic mission to sample the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the ocean and sea ice.  Impacts of Climate change on the Eco-Systems and Chemistry of the Arctic Pacific Environment (ICESCAPE) is a multi-year NASA shipborne project. The bulk of the research will take place in the Beaufort and Chukchi Sea’s in summer of 2010 and fall of 2011.  Photo Credit: (NASA/Kathryn Hansen)
ICESCAPE Mission
Scientists on the sea ice in the Chukchi Sea off the north coast of Alaska disperse equipment on July 4, 2010, as they prepare to collect data on and below the ice. The research is part of NASA's ICESCAPE mission onboard the U.S. Coast Guard icebreaker Healy to sample the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the ocean and sea ice.  Impacts of Climate change on the Eco-Systems and Chemistry of the Arctic Pacific Environment (ICESCAPE) is a multi-year NASA shipborne project. The bulk of the research will take place in the Beaufort and Chukchi Sea’s in summer of 2010 and fall of 2011.   Photo Credit: (NASA/Kathryn Hansen)
ICESCAPE Mission
Benny Hopson from the Barrow (Alaska) Arctic Science Consortium drills a core sample from sea ice in the Chukchi Sea on July 4, 2010. The core is sliced up into puck-sized sections and stored onboard the U.S. Coast Guard Healy for analysis in the ship's lab.  Impacts of Climate change on the Eco-Systems and Chemistry of the Arctic Pacific Environment (ICESCAPE) is a multi-year NASA shipborne project. The bulk of the research will take place in the Beaufort and Chukchi Sea’s in summer of 2010 and fall of 2011.  Photo Credit: (NASA/Kathryn Hansen)
ICESCAPE Mission
STS071-118-007 (27 June - 7 July 1995) --- Onboard the Russia?s Mir Space Station Mir Base Block, cosmonauts Anatoly Y. Solovyev (left) and Vladimir N. Dezhurov, Mir 19 and 18 commanders, respectively, exchange information about their research tasks.  The two represent a change of guard aboard Mir, as Dezhurov prepares to come back to Earth with the STS-71 crew aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis.  Nikolai M. Budarin and Gennadiy M. Strekalov - cosmonaut/flight engineers making the same exchange -- are out of frame.
Cosmonauts Solovyev and Dezhurov exchange information on Mir
Dartmouth College's Chris Polashenski cuts a block of ice from below a melt pond on sea ice in the Chukchi Sea on July 9, 2010, for analysis upon return from the mission. The research is part of NASA's ICESCAPE mission onboard the U.S. Coast Guard icebreaker Healy to sample the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the ocean and sea ice. Impacts of Climate change on the Eco-Systems and Chemistry of the Arctic Pacific Environment (ICESCAPE) is a multi-year NASA shipborne project. The bulk of the research will take place in the Beaufort and Chukchi Sea’s in summer of 2010 and fall of 2011. Photo Credit: (NASA/Kathryn Hansen)
ICESCAPE Mission
VANDENBERG AIR FORCE BASE, Calif. – The Delta first-stage booster for NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 mission, or OCO-2, makes its way past a security guard as it travels along the roads at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California on its move from the Building 836 hangar to the Horizontal Processing Facility at Space Launch Complex 2.    OCO-2 is scheduled to launch aboard a United Launch Alliance Delta II rocket on July 1, 2014.  The observatory will collect precise global measurements of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere and provide scientists with a better idea of the chemical compound's impacts on climate change. Scientists will analyze this data to improve our understanding of the natural processes and human activities that regulate the abundance and distribution of this important atmospheric gas. To learn more about OCO-2, visit http://oco.jpl.nasa.gov.  Photo credit: NASA/D. Liberotti, 30th Space Wing, VAFB
KSC-2014-1986
STS071-763-007 (27 June-7 July 1995) --- Onboard the docked Soyuz spacecraft, cosmonauts Anatoly Y. Solovyev (left) and Nikolai M. Budarin, Mir 19 commander and flight engineer, respectively, conduct a checkout of communications systems.  The two represent the new in a change of guard aboard Russia's Mir Space Station, as Mir-18 astronaut Norman E. Thagard and two Mir-18 cosmonauts prepare to come back to Earth with the STS-71 crew aboard the space shuttle Atlantis.  Later in the joint mission, Solovyev and Budarin backed the Soyuz spacecraft away from the Mir/Atlantis tandem to allow for the space shuttle Atlantis to undock with its crew of six astronauts and two cosmonauts aboard.
Cosmonauts Solovyev and Budarin conduct checkout of communications systems
On July 6, 2011, the U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy parked in an ice floe for the 2011 ICESCAPE mission's third ice station in the Chukchi Sea.  The ICESCAPE mission, or &quot;Impacts of Climate on Ecosystems and Chemistry of the Arctic Pacific Environment,&quot; is a NASA shipborne investigation to study how changing conditions in the Arctic affect the ocean's chemistry and ecosystems. The bulk of the research took place in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas in summer 2010 and 2011. Credit: NASA/Kathryn Hansen  <b><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/audience/formedia/features/MP_Photo_Guidelines.html" rel="nofollow">NASA image use policy.</a></b>  <b><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/home/index.html" rel="nofollow">NASA Goddard Space Flight Center</a></b> enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission.  <b>Follow us on <a href="http://twitter.com/NASA_GoddardPix" rel="nofollow">Twitter</a></b>  <b>Like us on <a href="http://www.facebook.com/pages/Greenbelt-MD/NASA-Goddard/395013845897?ref=tsd" rel="nofollow">Facebook</a></b>  <b>Find us on <a href="http://instagrid.me/nasagoddard/?vm=grid" rel="nofollow">Instagram</a></b>
Healy at 3rd Ice Station
This image, taken in a clean room at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, shows sample tube number 266, which was used to collect the first sample of Martian rock by NASA's Perseverance rover. The laser-etched serial number helps science team identify the tubes and their contents.  Perseverance carries 43 sample tubes, 38 of which have been tasked to carry different samples from a variety of geologic units and surface materials. The other five are "witness tubes" that (prior to launch) were loaded with materials geared to capture molecular and particulate contaminants. They'll be opened one at a time on Mars to witness the ambient environment primarily near sample collection sites, so the science team can catalog any impurities that may have traveled with the tube from Earth or contaminants from the spacecraft that may be present during sample collection.  Made chiefly of titanium, each sample tube for Perseverance weighs less than 2 ounces (57 grams) and is less than 6 inches long. . A white exterior coating guards against heating by the Sun potentially changing the chemical composition of the samples after Perseverance deposits the tubes on the surface of Mars.  https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA24808
Perseverance Sample Tube 266
The U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy encountered only small patches of sea ice in the Chukchi Sea during the final days collecting ocean data for the 2011 ICESCAPE mission.  The ICESCAPE mission, or &quot;Impacts of Climate on Ecosystems and Chemistry of the Arctic Pacific Environment,&quot; is a NASA shipborne investigation to study how changing conditions in the Arctic affect the ocean's chemistry and ecosystems. The bulk of the research took place in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas in summer 2010 and 2011. Credit: NASA/Kathryn Hansen   <b><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/audience/formedia/features/MP_Photo_Guidelines.html" rel="nofollow">NASA image use policy.</a></b>  <b><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/home/index.html" rel="nofollow">NASA Goddard Space Flight Center</a></b> enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission.  <b>Follow us on <a href="http://twitter.com/NASA_GoddardPix" rel="nofollow">Twitter</a></b>  <b>Like us on <a href="http://www.facebook.com/pages/Greenbelt-MD/NASA-Goddard/395013845897?ref=tsd" rel="nofollow">Facebook</a></b>  <b>Find us on <a href="http://instagrid.me/nasagoddard/?vm=grid" rel="nofollow">Instagram</a></b>
Sea Ice in the Chukchi Sea
On July 12, 2011, crew from the U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy retrieved a canister dropped by parachute from a C-130, which brought supplies for some mid-mission fixes.  The ICESCAPE mission, or &quot;Impacts of Climate on Ecosystems and Chemistry of the Arctic Pacific Environment,&quot; is a NASA shipborne investigation to study how changing conditions in the Arctic affect the ocean's chemistry and ecosystems. The bulk of the research took place in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas in summer 2010 and 2011. Credit: NASA/Kathryn Hansen  <b><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/audience/formedia/features/MP_Photo_Guidelines.html" rel="nofollow">NASA image use policy.</a></b>  <b><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/home/index.html" rel="nofollow">NASA Goddard Space Flight Center</a></b> enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission.  <b>Follow us on <a href="http://twitter.com/NASA_GoddardPix" rel="nofollow">Twitter</a></b>  <b>Like us on <a href="http://www.facebook.com/pages/Greenbelt-MD/NASA-Goddard/395013845897?ref=tsd" rel="nofollow">Facebook</a></b>  <b>Find us on <a href="http://instagrid.me/nasagoddard/?vm=grid" rel="nofollow">Instagram</a></b>
Retrieving Dropped Supplies
On July 12, 2011, crew from the U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy retrieved a canister dropped by parachute from a C-130, which brought supplies for some mid-mission fixes.  The ICESCAPE mission, or &quot;Impacts of Climate on Ecosystems and Chemistry of the Arctic Pacific Environment,&quot; is NASA's two-year shipborne investigation to study how changing conditions in the Arctic affect the ocean's chemistry and ecosystems. The bulk of the research takes place in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas in summer 2010 and 2011.  Credit: NASA/Kathryn Hansen  For updates on the five-week ICESCAPE voyage, visit the mission blog at: go.usa.gov/WwU  <b><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/audience/formedia/features/MP_Photo_Guidelines.html" rel="nofollow">NASA image use policy.</a></b>  <b><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/home/index.html" rel="nofollow">NASA Goddard Space Flight Center</a></b> enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission.  <b>Follow us on <a href="http://twitter.com/NASA_GoddardPix" rel="nofollow">Twitter</a></b>  <b>Like us on <a href="http://www.facebook.com/pages/Greenbelt-MD/NASA-Goddard/395013845897?ref=tsd" rel="nofollow">Facebook</a></b>  <b>Find us on <a href="http://instagrid.me/nasagoddard/?vm=grid" rel="nofollow">Instagram</a></b>
Arctic Sea Ice
On July 20, the U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy steamed south in the Arctic Ocean toward the edge of the sea ice.  The ICESCAPE mission, or &quot;Impacts of Climate on Ecosystems and Chemistry of the Arctic Pacific Environment,&quot; is NASA's two-year shipborne investigation to study how changing conditions in the Arctic affect the ocean's chemistry and ecosystems. The bulk of the research takes place in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas in summer 2010 and 2011.  Credit: NASA/Kathryn Hansen  For updates on the five-week ICESCAPE voyage, visit the mission blog at: go.usa.gov/WwU  <b><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/audience/formedia/features/MP_Photo_Guidelines.html" rel="nofollow">NASA image use policy.</a></b>  <b><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/home/index.html" rel="nofollow">NASA Goddard Space Flight Center</a></b> enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission.  <b>Follow us on <a href="http://twitter.com/NASA_GoddardPix" rel="nofollow">Twitter</a></b>  <b>Like us on <a href="http://www.facebook.com/pages/Greenbelt-MD/NASA-Goddard/395013845897?ref=tsd" rel="nofollow">Facebook</a></b>  <b>Find us on <a href="http://instagrid.me/nasagoddard/?vm=grid" rel="nofollow">Instagram</a></b>
Sea Ice Patterns
An oil spill off the Southern California coast – first reported to the U.S. Coast Guard on Oct. 2, 2021 – prompted an effort by NASA's Applied Sciences Disasters Program to determine what NASA resources and capabilities could be available to support response efforts for the spill. As part of those efforts, a team from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California flew an airplane equipped with an instrument known as the Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) over the spill area on Oct. 6 to corroborate the presence and location of oil slicks.  Mapping the location of oil slicks and determining how thick the oil is can also help with clean-up activities. The JPL researchers collected the UAVSAR data in support of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which regularly monitors U.S. coastal waters for potential spills.  This image shows a composite of two images taken during passes (grayscale regions) made by the UAVSAR instrument off the coast of Huntington Beach. Dark smudges off the coast in the close-up images to the right (labeled A and B) are potential oil slicks – NOAA researchers will analyze the data to look for the presence of oil. The area outlined in light green (image on the left) was identified by NOAA using satellite data as a region possibly containing oil on Oct.3, while the blue outline shows an area on Oct. 6 that could also contain oil.  Attached to the bottom of a Gulfstream-III based at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center near Palmdale, California, UAVSAR is an all-weather tool that bounces radar signals off of Earth's surface. Repeated images of the same areas, taken at different times, enable scientists to detect changes in those regions. The radar signals will reflect differently off of different surfaces, including oil and seawater. These signal variations can tell researchers about the presence of an oil slick in the ocean, and in some cases provide information about its thickness.  https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA23782
UAVSAR Oil Slicks
Scientists on board the U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy in the Beaufort Sea, northeast of Barrow, Alaska, finished collecting the mission¹s sea ice data and cruised south on July 20, 2011, through thin ice and ultimately into the open ocean.  The ICESCAPE mission, or &quot;Impacts of Climate on Ecosystems and Chemistry of the Arctic Pacific Environment,&quot; is a NASA shipborne investigation to study how changing conditions in the Arctic affect the ocean's chemistry and ecosystems. The bulk of the research took place in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas in summer 2010 and 2011. Credit: NASA/Kathryn Hansen Credit: NASA/Kathryn Hansen   <b><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/audience/formedia/features/MP_Photo_Guidelines.html" rel="nofollow">NASA image use policy.</a></b>  <b><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/home/index.html" rel="nofollow">NASA Goddard Space Flight Center</a></b> enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission.  <b>Follow us on <a href="http://twitter.com/NASA_GoddardPix" rel="nofollow">Twitter</a></b>  <b>Like us on <a href="http://www.facebook.com/pages/Greenbelt-MD/NASA-Goddard/395013845897?ref=tsd" rel="nofollow">Facebook</a></b>  <b>Find us on <a href="http://instagrid.me/nasagoddard/?vm=grid" rel="nofollow">Instagram</a></b>
U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy in the Beaufort Sea