
NASA Administrator Charles Bolden listens to questions during a Senate Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies of the Appropriations Committee hearing concerning the FY 2011 NASA Budget, Thursday, April 22, 2010 at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

John Frost, Council Member, NASA Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel, testifies at a Senate Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies of the Appropriations Committee hearing concerning the FY 2011 NASA Budget, Thursday, April 22, 2010 at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

John Frost, Council Member, NASA Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel, testifies at a Senate Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies of the Appropriations Committee hearing concerning the FY 2011 NASA Budget, Thursday, April 22, 2010 at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Charles Bolden testifies at a Senate Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies of the Appropriations Committee hearing concerning the FY 2011 NASA Budget, Thursday, April 22, 2010 at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Charles Bolden testifies at a Senate Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies of the Appropriations Committee hearing concerning the FY 2011 NASA Budget, Thursday, April 22, 2010 at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Charles Bolden listens to questions during a Senate Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies of the Appropriations Committee hearing concerning the FY 2011 NASA Budget, Thursday, April 22, 2010 at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Charles Bolden is seen on a television monitor as he testifies at a Senate Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies of the Appropriations Committee hearing concerning the FY 2011 NASA Budget, Thursday, April 22, 2010 at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Charles Bolden testifies in front of the Senate Appropriations Committee, Monday, April 11, 2011, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building on Capitol Hill in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

NASA Administrator Charles Bolden testifies in front of the Senate Appropriations Committee, Monday, April 11, 2011, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building on Capitol Hill in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

NASA Administrator Charles Bolden is seen during testimony in front of the Senate Appropriations Committee, Monday, April 11, 2011, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building on Capitol Hill in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee hearing on NASA’s budget, Tuesday, May 3, 2022, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

U.S. Sen. Orrin Hatch, R-Utah, testifies at a Senate Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies of the Appropriations Committee hearing concerning the FY 2011 NASA Budget, Thursday, April 22, 2010 at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Sen. Richard Shelby, R-Ala., questions NASA Administrator Charles Bolden during a Senate Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies of the Appropriations Committee hearing concerning the FY 2011 NASA Budget, Thursday, April 22, 2010 at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Charles Bolden is seen prior to his testimony in front of the Senate Appropriations Committee, Monday, April 11, 2011, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building on Capitol Hill in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

Sen. George Voinovich, R-Ohio, questions NASA Administrator Charles Bolden during a Senate Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies of the Appropriations Committee hearing concerning the FY 2011 NASA Budget, Thursday, April 22, 2010 at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Kevin O'Connell, Director of the Office of Space Commerce at the Department of Commerce, testifies during a hearing of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation titled "The New Space Race: Ensuring U.S. Global Leadership on the Final Frontier," Wednesday, March 13, 2019 at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Kevin O'Connell, Director of the Office of Space Commerce at the Department of Commerce, testifies during a hearing of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation titled "The New Space Race: Ensuring U.S. Global Leadership on the Final Frontier," Wednesday, March 13, 2019 at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Kevin O'Connell, Director of the Office of Space Commerce at the Department of Commerce, testifies during a hearing of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation titled "The New Space Race: Ensuring U.S. Global Leadership on the Final Frontier," Wednesday, March 13, 2019 at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine is seen during a hearing of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation titled "The New Space Race: Ensuring U.S. Global Leadership on the Final Frontier," Wednesday, March 13, 2019 at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

National Science Foundation Director Sethuraman Panchanathan testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, April 18, 2023, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies during a hearing of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation titled "The New Space Race: Ensuring U.S. Global Leadership on the Final Frontier," Wednesday, March 13, 2019 at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

National Science Foundation Director Sethuraman Panchanathan testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a fiscal year 2025 budget hearing, Thursday, May 23, 2024, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies during a hearing of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation titled "The New Space Race: Ensuring U.S. Global Leadership on the Final Frontier," Wednesday, March 13, 2019 at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies during a hearing of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation titled "The New Space Race: Ensuring U.S. Global Leadership on the Final Frontier," Wednesday, March 13, 2019 at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

The witness table is seen ahead of NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifing before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, April 18, 2023, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

National Science Foundation Director Sethuraman Panchanathan testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a fiscal year 2025 budget hearing, Thursday, May 23, 2024, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies during a hearing of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation titled "The New Space Race: Ensuring U.S. Global Leadership on the Final Frontier," Wednesday, March 13, 2019 at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

National Science Foundation Director Sethuraman Panchanathan testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a fiscal year 2025 budget hearing, Thursday, May 23, 2024, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies during a hearing of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation titled "The New Space Race: Ensuring U.S. Global Leadership on the Final Frontier," Wednesday, March 13, 2019 at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Senator Jeanne Shaheen, D-N.H., Chair Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee questions NASA Administrator Bill Nelson during a hearing on NASA’s budget, Tuesday, May 3, 2022, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Senator Jerry Moran, D-Kan., questions NASA Administrator Bill Nelson during a Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee hearing on NASA’s budget, Tuesday, May 3, 2022, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Senator Jeanne Shaheen, D-N.H., Chair Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee questions NASA Administrator Bill Nelson during a hearing on NASA’s budget, Tuesday, May 3, 2022, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies before the Aviation and Space Subcommittee of the Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee during a hearing titled “The Emerging Space Environment: Operational, Technical, and Policy Challenges.”, Tuesday, May 14, 2019, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies before the Aviation and Space Subcommittee of the Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee during a hearing titled “The Emerging Space Environment: Operational, Technical, and Policy Challenges.”, Tuesday, May 14, 2019, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies before the Aviation and Space Subcommittee of the Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee during a hearing titled “The Emerging Space Environment: Operational, Technical, and Policy Challenges.”, Tuesday, May 14, 2019, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies before the Aviation and Space Subcommittee of the Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee during a hearing titled “The Emerging Space Environment: Operational, Technical, and Policy Challenges.”, Tuesday, May 14, 2019, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies before the Aviation and Space Subcommittee of the Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee during a hearing titled “The Emerging Space Environment: Operational, Technical, and Policy Challenges.”, Tuesday, May 14, 2019, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies before the Aviation and Space Subcommittee of the Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee during a hearing titled “The Emerging Space Environment: Operational, Technical, and Policy Challenges.”, Tuesday, May 14, 2019, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Senator Roger Wicker, R-Miss., Chairman of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation is seen during a committee hearing titled "The New Space Race: Ensuring U.S. Global Leadership on the Final Frontier," Wednesday, March 13, 2019 at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine, left, talks with NASA Chief Financial Officer Jeff DeWit prior to testifying before the Senate Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies during a hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2019 funding request and budget justification for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Wednesday, May 23, 2018 in the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

U.S. Sen. Orrin Hatch, R-Utah, left, talks with NASA Administrator Charles Bolden prior to testifying at a Senate Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies of the Appropriations Committee hearing on the FY 2011 NASA Budget, Thursday, April 22, 2010 at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Sen. Kay Bailey Hutchinson, R-Texas, questions NASA Administrator Charles Bolden during a Senate Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies of the Appropriations Committee hearing concerning the FY 2011 NASA Budget, Thursday, April 22, 2010 at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Sen. Kay Bailey Hutchinson, R-Texas, listens to NASA Administrator Charles Bolden during a Senate Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies of the Appropriations Committee hearing concerning the FY 2011 NASA Budget, Thursday, April 22, 2010 at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

U.S. Sen. Barbara Mikulski, D-Md., Chairwoman of the Senate Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies of the Appropriations Committee questions NASA Administrator Charles Bolden during a hearing on the FY 2011 NASA Budget, Thursday, April 22, 2011 at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Sen. Ted Cruz, R-Texas, chairman of the Subcommittee on Aviation and Space, holds a hearing titled “The Emerging Space Environment: Operational, Technical, and Policy Challenges.”, Tuesday, May 14, 2019, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a fiscal year 2025 budget hearing, Thursday, May 23, 2024, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, April 18, 2023, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, April 18, 2023, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson, left, testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, May 3, 2022, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, May 3, 2022, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, May 3, 2022, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, May 3, 2022, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, April 18, 2023, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a fiscal year 2025 budget hearing, Thursday, May 23, 2024, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, April 18, 2023, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, April 18, 2023, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, May 3, 2022, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a fiscal year 2025 budget hearing, Thursday, May 23, 2024, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, May 3, 2022, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, April 18, 2023, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

National Science Foundation Director Sethuraman Panchanathan, left, and NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testify before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, April 18, 2023, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a fiscal year 2025 budget hearing, Thursday, May 23, 2024, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, April 18, 2023, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a fiscal year 2025 budget hearing, Thursday, May 23, 2024, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, May 3, 2022, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson prepares to testify before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, April 18, 2023, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, May 3, 2022, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, April 18, 2023, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson confers with his staff as he testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, April 18, 2023, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a fiscal year 2025 budget hearing, Thursday, May 23, 2024, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

National Science Foundation Director Sethuraman Panchanathan, left, and NASA Administrator Bill Nelson talk at the conclusion of the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee budget hearing, Tuesday, April 18, 2023, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, May 3, 2022, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

National Science Foundation Director Sethuraman Panchanathan testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, May 3, 2022, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a fiscal year 2025 budget hearing, Thursday, May 23, 2024, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a fiscal year 2025 budget hearing, Thursday, May 23, 2024, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

National Science Foundation Director Sethuraman Panchanathan testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, May 3, 2022, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, May 3, 2022, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, April 18, 2023, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, April 18, 2023, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, April 18, 2023, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, May 3, 2022, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, May 3, 2022, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a fiscal year 2025 budget hearing, Thursday, May 23, 2024, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a fiscal year 2025 budget hearing, Thursday, May 23, 2024, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson testifies before the Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee during a budget hearing, Tuesday, May 3, 2022, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Senator Jeanne Shaheen, D-N.H., Chair Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee talks with NASA Administrator Bill Nelson prior to a hearing, Tuesday, May 3, 2022, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Kevin O’Connell, Director, Office of Space Commerce, Department of Commerce testifies before the Aviation and Space Subcommittee of the Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee during a hearing titled “The Emerging Space Environment: Operational, Technical, and Policy Challenges.”, Tuesday, May 14, 2019, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Sen. Jeanne Shaheen, D-NH, questions NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine during a US Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies budget review hearing, Wednesday, May 1, 2019, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Sen. Kyrsten Sinema, D-AZ, ask a question during the Aviation and Space Subcommittee of the Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee hearing titled “The Emerging Space Environment: Operational, Technical, and Policy Challenges.”, Tuesday, May 14, 2019, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies before the Senate Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies during a hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2019 funding request and budget justification for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Wednesday, May 23, 2018 in the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies before the Senate Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies during a hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2019 funding request and budget justification for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Wednesday, May 23, 2018 in the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies before the Senate Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies during a hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2019 funding request and budget justification for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Wednesday, May 23, 2018 in the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies before the Senate Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies during a hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2019 funding request and budget justification for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Wednesday, May 23, 2018 in the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies before the Senate Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies during a hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2019 funding request and budget justification for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Wednesday, May 23, 2018 in the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA Administrator Charles Bolden listens to NASA Associate Administrator for Legislative and Intergovernmental Affairs Seth Statler during a Senate Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies of the Appropriations Committee hearing concerning the FY 2011 NASA Budget, Thursday, April 22, 2010 at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies before the Senate Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies during a hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2019 funding request and budget justification for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Wednesday, May 23, 2018 in the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies before the Senate Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies during a hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2019 funding request and budget justification for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Wednesday, May 23, 2018 in the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies before the Senate Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies during a hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2019 funding request and budget justification for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Wednesday, May 23, 2018 in the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine testifies before the Senate Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies during a hearing to review the Fiscal Year 2019 funding request and budget justification for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Wednesday, May 23, 2018 in the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Senator Jeanne Shaheen, D-N.H., Chair Senate Appropriations’ Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies subcommittee talks with National Science Foundation Director Sethuraman Panchanathan, left, and NASA Administrator Bill Nelson prior to a hearing, Tuesday, May 3, 2022, at the Dirksen Senate Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)