
SpaceX's Crew Dragon spacecraft and Falcon 9 rocket are positioned inside the company's hangar at Launch Complex 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, on Dec. 18, 2018, ahead of the Demo-1 uncrewed flight test targeted for January 17, 2019. The Demo-1 flight test is the precursor to the company's Demo-2 flight test, which will fly two NASA astronauts to the International Space Station as part of NASA's Commercial Crew Program. Demo-2 is targeted for June 2019.

SpaceX's Crew Dragon spacecraft and Falcon 9 rocket are positioned inside the company's hangar at Launch Complex 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, on Dec. 18, 2018, ahead of the Demo-1 uncrewed flight test targeted for January 17, 2019. The Demo-1 flight test is the precursor to the company's Demo-2 flight test, which will fly two NASA astronauts to the International Space Station as part of NASA's Commercial Crew Program. Demo-2 is targeted for June 2019.

The United Launch Alliance Delta IV Heavy rocket with NASA’s Orion spacecraft mounted atop, lifts off on Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1) from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station's Space Launch Complex 37 at at 7:05 a.m. EST, Friday, Dec. 5, 2014, in Florida. Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.

The United Launch Alliance Delta IV Heavy rocket with NASA’s Orion spacecraft mounted atop for Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1) is seen early on Friday, Dec. 5, 2014, at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station's Space Launch Complex 37, Florida. Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.

Tim Logan

Aboard a truck and ready for a test flight is the Paresev 1-C on the ramp at the NASA Flight Research Center, Edwards, California. The half-scale version of the inflatable Gemini parawing was pre-flighted by being carried across the Rosamond dry lakebed on the back of a truck before a tow behind a International Harvester Carry-All. The inflatable center spar ran fore and aft and measured 191 inches, two other inflatable spars formed the leading edges. The three compartments were filled with nitrogen under pressure to make them rigid. The Paresev 1-C was very unstable in flight with this configuration.

A view of the OSAM-1 spacecraft bus inside the thermal vacuum chamber at Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Md., Dec 1, 2023. This photo has been reviewed by Maxar, OSAM1 project management, and the Export Control Office and is released for public view. NASA/Mike Guinto

Hans Koenigsmann, vice president, Build and Flight Reliability with SpaceX, participates in a Flight Readiness Review (FRR) for NASA’s SpaceX Crew-1 mission at Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Nov. 9, 2020. The FRR focuses on the preparedness of SpaceX’s crew transportation system, the International Space Station, and its international partners to support the flight, and the certification of flight readiness. Crew-1 is the first regular crew mission of a U.S. commercial spacecraft with astronauts to the International Space Station as part of NASA’s Commercial Crew Program. The Crew Dragon Resilience capsule will launch atop a Falcon 9 rocket from Launch Complex 39A carrying NASA astronauts Michael Hopkins, Victor Glover, Shannon Walker and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Soichi Noguchi to the space station for a six-month science mission.

Charlie Lundquist, NASA Orion deputy program manager, right, presents an American flag flown aboard the Orion capsule during the Exploration Flight Test-1 mission to Armstrong Deputy Director Patrick Stoliker.

NASA and SpaceX leadership participate in a Flight Readiness Review (FRR) for the agency’s SpaceX Crew-1 mission at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Nov. 9, 2020. The FRR focuses on the preparedness of SpaceX’s crew transportation system, the International Space Station, and its international partners to support the flight, and the certification of flight readiness. Crew-1 is the first regular crew mission of a U.S. commercial spacecraft with astronauts to the International Space Station as part of NASA’s Commercial Crew Program. The Crew Dragon Resilience capsule will launch atop a Falcon 9 rocket from Launch Complex 39A carrying NASA astronauts Michael Hopkins, Victor Glover, Shannon Walker and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Soichi Noguchi to the space station for a six-month science mission.

NASA and SpaceX leadership participate in a Flight Readiness Review (FRR) for the agency’s SpaceX Crew-1 mission at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Nov. 9, 2020. The FRR focuses on the preparedness of SpaceX’s crew transportation system, the International Space Station, and its international partners to support the flight, and the certification of flight readiness. Crew-1 is the first regular crew mission of a U.S. commercial spacecraft with astronauts to the International Space Station as part of NASA’s Commercial Crew Program. The Crew Dragon Resilience capsule will launch atop a Falcon 9 rocket from Launch Complex 39A carrying NASA astronauts Michael Hopkins, Victor Glover, Shannon Walker and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Soichi Noguchi to the space station for a six-month science mission.

NASA and SpaceX leadership participate in a Flight Readiness Review (FRR) for the agency’s SpaceX Crew-1 mission at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Nov. 9, 2020. The FRR focuses on the preparedness of SpaceX’s crew transportation system, the International Space Station, and its international partners to support the flight, and the certification of flight readiness. Crew-1 is the first regular crew mission of a U.S. commercial spacecraft with astronauts to the International Space Station as part of NASA’s Commercial Crew Program. The Crew Dragon Resilience capsule will launch atop a Falcon 9 rocket from Launch Complex 39A carrying NASA astronauts Michael Hopkins, Victor Glover, Shannon Walker and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Soichi Noguchi to the space station for a six-month science mission.

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine participates in a Flight Readiness Review (FRR) for the agency’s SpaceX Crew-1 mission at Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Nov. 9, 2020. The FRR focuses on the preparedness of SpaceX’s crew transportation system, the International Space Station, and its international partners to support the flight, and the certification of flight readiness. Crew-1 is the first regular crew mission of a U.S. commercial spacecraft with astronauts to the International Space Station as part of NASA’s Commercial Crew Program. The Crew Dragon Resilience capsule will launch atop a Falcon 9 rocket from Launch Complex 39A carrying NASA astronauts Michael Hopkins, Victor Glover, Shannon Walker and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Soichi Noguchi to the space station for a six-month science mission.

Kennedy Space Center Director Bob Cabana participates in a Flight Readiness Review (FRR) for the agency’s SpaceX Crew-1 mission at the center in Florida on Nov. 9, 2020. The FRR focuses on the preparedness of SpaceX’s crew transportation system, the International Space Station, and its international partners to support the flight, and the certification of flight readiness. Crew-1 is the first regular crew mission of a U.S. commercial spacecraft with astronauts to the International Space Station as part of NASA’s Commercial Crew Program. The Crew Dragon Resilience capsule will launch atop a Falcon 9 rocket from Launch Complex 39A carrying NASA astronauts Michael Hopkins, Victor Glover, Shannon Walker and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Soichi Noguchi to the space station for a six-month science mission.

NASA and SpaceX leadership participate in a Flight Readiness Review (FRR) for the agency’s SpaceX Crew-1 mission at Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Nov. 9, 2020. The FRR focuses on the preparedness of SpaceX’s crew transportation system, the International Space Station, and its international partners to support the flight, and the certification of flight readiness. Crew-1 is the first regular crew mission of a U.S. commercial spacecraft with astronauts to the International Space Station as part of NASA’s Commercial Crew Program. The Crew Dragon Resilience capsule will launch atop a Falcon 9 rocket from Launch Complex 39A carrying NASA astronauts Michael Hopkins, Victor Glover, Shannon Walker and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Soichi Noguchi to the space station for a six-month science mission.

Kathy Lueders, NASA associate administrator of the Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate, leads a Flight Readiness Review (FRR) for the agency’s SpaceX Crew-1 mission at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Nov. 9, 2020. The FRR focuses on the preparedness of SpaceX’s crew transportation system, the International Space Station, and its international partners to support the flight, and the certification of flight readiness. Crew-1 is the first regular crew mission of a U.S. commercial spacecraft with astronauts to the International Space Station as part of NASA’s Commercial Crew Program. The Crew Dragon Resilience capsule will launch atop a Falcon 9 rocket from Launch Complex 39A carrying NASA astronauts Michael Hopkins, Victor Glover, Shannon Walker and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Soichi Noguchi to the space station for a six-month science mission.

Lunar Node-1, an autonomous navigation payload that will change how human explorers safely traverse the Moon’s surface and live and work in lunar orbit, awaits liftoff as part of Intuitive Machines’ IM-1 mission, its first under NASA’s Commercial Lunar Payload Services initiative. LN-1 was developed, built, and tested at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama.

The OSAM-1 integration and testing team deploys and stows the radiator panels on the OSAM-1 servicing payload at Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Md., Sept 14, 2023. This photo has been reviewed by OSAM1 project management and the Export Control Office and is released for public view. NASA/Mike Guinto

OSAM-1 and Maxar team members remove protective bagging from the spacecraft bus at Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Md., Sept 25, 2023. This photo has been reviewed by OSAM1 project management, Maxar public release authority, and the Export Control Office and is released for public view. NASA/Mike Guinto

PHOTO DATE: 2-28-11 LOCATION: Bldg. 30 south - FCR-1 & Backrooms SUBJECT: STS-133/ULF5 flight controllers on console during EVA 1 with Orbit 1 Shuttle Flight Director Bryan Lunney and Orbit 2 ISS Flight Director Royce Renfrew PHOTOGRAPHER: Lauren Harnett

OSAM-1 spacecraft sits, almost completely assembled, in the cleanroom during integration at Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Md., Aug 28, 2024. This photo has been reviewed by Maxar, OSAM-1 project management, and the Export Control Office and is released for public view. NASA/Mike Guinto

Under the watchful eyes of technicians, a crane positions the Orion PA-1 Abort Flight Test module for mass properties testing in NASA Dryden's Flight Loads Lab.

Engineers and technicians pore over data during moment-of-inertia testing on the Orion PA-1 Abort Flight Test module in the NASA Dryden Flight Loads Laboratory.

The boilerplate Orion crew module for the Orion Launch Abort System Pad Abort-1 flight test undergoes moment-of-inertia testing at NASA Dryden's Flight Loads Lab.

JSC2006-E-54411 (15 Dec. 2006) --- The members of the STS-116/12A.1 ISS Orbit 1 flight control team pose for a group portrait in the station flight control room of Houston's Mission Control Center (MCC). Flight director Derek Hassman (center right) holds the STS-116 mission logo. Astronaut Terry W. Virts Jr., spacecraft communicator (CAPCOM), is at center. PHALCON flight controller Scott Stover (center left) holds the P5 truss power reconfiguration logo.

NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, played a critical role in the test flight of the #Orion spacecraft on Dec. 5, 2014. Goddard's Networks Integration Center, pictured here, coordinated the communications support for both the Orion vehicle and the Delta IV rocket, ensuring complete communications coverage through NASA's Space Network and Tracking and Data Relay Satellite. The Orion spacecraft lifted off from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station's Space Launch Complex 37 in Florida at 7:05 a.m. EST. The Orion capsule splashed down about four and a half hours later, at 11:29 a.m. EST, about 600 miles off the coast of San Diego, California. While no humans were aboard Orion for this test flight, in the future, Orion will allow humans to travel deeper in to space than ever before, including an asteroid and Mars. Credit: NASA/Goddard/Amber Jacobson Credit: NASA/Goddard/Amber Jacobson <b><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/audience/formedia/features/MP_Photo_Guidelines.html" rel="nofollow">NASA image use policy.</a></b> <b><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/home/index.html" rel="nofollow">NASA Goddard Space Flight Center</a></b> enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. <b>Follow us on <a href="http://twitter.com/NASAGoddardPix" rel="nofollow">Twitter</a></b> <b>Like us on <a href="http://www.facebook.com/pages/Greenbelt-MD/NASA-Goddard/395013845897?ref=tsd" rel="nofollow">Facebook</a></b> <b>Find us on <a href="http://instagram.com/nasagoddard?vm=grid" rel="nofollow">Instagram</a></b>

NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, played a critical role in the test flight of the #Orion spacecraft on Dec. 5, 2014. Goddard's Networks Integration Center, pictured here, coordinated the communications support for both the Orion vehicle and the Delta IV rocket, ensuring complete communications coverage through NASA's Space Network and Tracking and Data Relay Satellite. The Orion spacecraft lifted off from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station's Space Launch Complex 37 in Florida at 7:05 a.m. EST. The Orion capsule splashed down about four and a half hours later, at 11:29 a.m. EST, about 600 miles off the coast of San Diego, California. While no humans were aboard Orion for this test flight, in the future, Orion will allow humans to travel deeper in to space than ever before, including an asteroid and Mars. Credit: NASA/Goddard/Amber Jacobson Credit: NASA/Goddard/Amber Jacobson <b><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/audience/formedia/features/MP_Photo_Guidelines.html" rel="nofollow">NASA image use policy.</a></b> <b><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/home/index.html" rel="nofollow">NASA Goddard Space Flight Center</a></b> enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. <b>Follow us on <a href="http://twitter.com/NASAGoddardPix" rel="nofollow">Twitter</a></b> <b>Like us on <a href="http://www.facebook.com/pages/Greenbelt-MD/NASA-Goddard/395013845897?ref=tsd" rel="nofollow">Facebook</a></b> <b>Find us on <a href="http://instagram.com/nasagoddard?vm=grid" rel="nofollow">Instagram</a></b>

The Orion team watches the flight in Building AE at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station during Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1) on Dec. 5, 2014. Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.

The Orion team watches the flight in Building AE at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station during Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1) on Dec. 5, 2014. Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.

The Orion team watches the flight in Building AE at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station during Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1) on Dec. 5, 2014. Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.

The Orion team watches the flight in Building AE at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station during Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1) on Dec. 5, 2014. Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.

The Orion team watches the flight in Building AE at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station during Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1) on Dec. 5, 2014. Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.

The OSAM-1 Servicing Payload Integration team tests the mounted floodlights at Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Md., Apr 17, 2024. This photo has been reviewed by Maxar, OSAM1 project management, and the Export Control Office and is released for public view. NASA/Mike Guinto

The Orion team discusses Orion operations in Building AE at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station during Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1) on Dec. 5, 2014. Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.

Date: 05-28-13 Location: Bldg 30, FCR-1 Subject: Expedition 36 flight controllers on console in FCR-1 during the approach and docking of Expedition 36/37 Flight Engineer Karen Nyberg of NASA, Soyuz Commander Fyodor Yurchikhin of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) and Flight Engineer Luca Parmitano of the European Space Agency to the International Space Station Photographer: James Blair/ NASA

Kathy Lueders, associate administrator, Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters, participates in a preflight briefing for NASA’s SpaceX Crew-1 mission on Sept. 29, 2020. NASA’s SpaceX Crew-1 mission is the first crew rotational flight of a U.S. commercial spacecraft with astronauts to the International Space Station. The Crew-1 mission will launch from Launch Complex 39A at Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Crew-1 is part of NASA's Commercial Crew Program, which has returned human spaceflight capabilities to the U.S.

Contamination control technician Sydnie Heiman inspects one of OSAM-1's radiator panels inside the cleanroom at Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Md., July 10, 2023. This photo has been reviewed by OSAM1 project management and the Export Control Office and is released for public view. NASA/Mike Guinto

S79-31775 (29 April 1979) --- These two astronauts are the prime crewmen for the first flight in the Space Transportation System (STS-1) program. Astronauts John W. Young, left, commander, and Robert L. Crippen, pilot, will man the space shuttle orbiter 102 Columbia for the first orbital flight test. Photo credit: NASA

The Orion team reviews the launch procedure in Building AE at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station ahead of the launch of Orion on Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1) on Dec. 4, 2014. Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.

The Orion team reviews the launch procedure in Building AE at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station ahead of the launch of Orion on Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1) on Dec. 4, 2014. Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.

The Orion team (including NASA Administrator Charles Bolden and Operations Directorate William Gerstenmaier) discuss Orion operations in Building AE at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station during Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1) on Dec. 5, 2014. Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.

The Orion team reviews the launch procedure in Building AE at Cape Canaveral Air Force Stationahead of the launch of Orion on Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1) on Dec. 4, 2014. Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.

The Orion team celebrates Orion's successful Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1) mission in Building AE at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on Dec. 5, 2014. The Orion spacecraft orbited Earth twice, reaching an altitude of approximately 3,600 miles above Earth before landing. No one was aboard Orion for this flight test, but the spacecraft is designed to allow us to journey to destinations never before visited by humans, including an asteroid and Mars. Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.

The Orion team watches the flight in Building AE at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station during Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1) on Dec. 5, 2014. NASA Administrator Charles Bolden, left, NASA Associate Administrator for the Human Exploration and Operations Directorate William Gerstenmaier, are in frame. Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.

JSC2010-E-052979 (14 April 2010) --- The members of the STS-131/19A ISS Orbit 1 flight control team pose for a group portrait in the space station flight control room in the Mission Control Center at NASA's Johnson Space Center. Flight director Courtenay McMillan (center) stands on the front row.

JSC2009-E-060959 (20 March 2009) --- The members of the STS-119/15A ISS Orbit 1 flight control team pose for a group portrait in the space station flight control room in the Mission Control Center at NASA’s Johnson Space Center. Flight director Kwatsi Alibaruho (right) is visible on the front row.

View of Astronauts Chris Cassidy (left),Karen Nyberg (center) and European Space Agency astronaut Luca Parmitano,all Expedition 36 flight engineers,in the Node 1 module.

PHOTO DATE: 02-28-11 LOCATION: Bldg. 30 south SUBJECT: STS-133/ULF5 Flight Controllers on Console - Shuttle Orbit 1 PHOTOGRAPHER: James Blair

PHOTO DATE: 02-28-11 LOCATION: Bldg. 30 south SUBJECT: STS-133/ULF5 Flight Controllers on Console - Shuttle Orbit 1 PHOTOGRAPHER: James Blair

The Orion team celebrates Orion's successful Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1) mission in Building AE at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on Dec. 5, 2014. Orion Program Manager Mark Geyer, NASA Director Ellen Ochoa and NASA Associate Administrator for the Human Exploration and Operations Directorate William Gerstenmaier are in frame. The Orion spacecraft orbited Earth twice, reaching an altitude of approximately 3,600 miles above Earth before landing. No one was aboard Orion for this flight test, but the spacecraft is designed to allow us to journey to destinations never before visited by humans, including an asteroid and Mars. Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.

The Orion team (including JSC Director Ellen Ochoa, NASA Administrator Charles Bolden and Operations Directorate William Gerstenmaier) discuss Orion operations in Building AE at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station during Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1) on Dec. 5, 2014. Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.

JASON ELDRIDGE, AN ERC INCORPORATED EMPLOYEE SUPPORTING THE MATERIALS & PROCESSES LABORATORY AT NASA'S MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER, SIGNS HIS NAME ON THE INTERIOR OF THE ADAPTER THAT WILL CONNECT THE ORION SPACECRAFT TO A UNITED LAUNCH ALLIANCE DELTA IV ROCKET FOR EXPLORATION FLIGHT TEST (EFT)-1. MARSHALL CENTER TEAM MEMBERS WHO WERE INVOLVED IN THE DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND TESTING OF THE ADAPTER HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO AUTOGRAPH IT BEFORE THE HARDWARE IS SHIPPED TO NASA'S KENNEDY SPACE CENTER IN FEBRUARY. ELDRIDGE WAS ON A TEAM THAT PERFORMED ULTRASONIC INSPECTIONS ON THE ADAPTER'S WELDS -- ENSURING THEY ARE STRUCTURALLY SOUND. EFT-1, SCHEDULED FOR 2014, WILL PROVIDE EARLY EXPERIENCE FOR NASA SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM (SLS) HARDWARE AHEAD OF THE ROCKET'S FIRST FLIGHT IN 2017.

S66-36742 (1966) --- This is the insignia for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Apollo 1 mission, the first manned Apollo flight. Crew members are astronauts Virgil I. Grissom, Edward H. White II and Roger B. Chaffee. The NASA insignia design for Apollo flights is reserved for use by the astronauts and for other official use as the NASA Administrator may authorize. Public availability has been approved only in the form of illustrations by the various news media. When and if there is any change in this policy, which we do not anticipate, it will be publicly announced. EDITOR'S NOTE: The three astronauts lost their lives in a fire during a simulation on the launch pad on Jan. 27, 1967.

Date: 05-28-13 Location: Bldg 30, FCR-1 Subject: Expedition 36 flight controllers on console in FCR-1 during the launch of Expedition 36/37 Flight Engineer Karen Nyberg of NASA, Soyuz Commander Fyodor Yurchikhin of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) and Flight Engineer Luca Parmitano of the European Space Agency from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan Photographer: James Blair/NASA

iss071e403704 (July 24, 2024) --- NASA astronauts (from left) Tracy C. Dyson, Expedition 71 Flight Engineer, and Suni Williams, Pilot for Boeing's Crew Flight Test, work inside the NanoRacks Bishop airlock located in the port side of the International Space Station's Tranquility module. The duo installed the the ArgUS Mission-1 technology demonstration hardware inside Bishop for placement outside in the vacuum of space to test the external operations of communications, computer processing, and high-definition video gear.

Marshall Space Flight Center's F-1 Engine Test Stand is shown in this picture. Constructed in 1963, the test stand is a vertical engine firing test stand, 239 feet in elevation and 4,600 square feet in area at the base, and was designed to assist in the development of the F-1 Engine. Capability is provided for static firing of 1.5 million pounds of thrust using liquid oxygen and kerosene. The foundation of the stand is keyed into the bedrock approximately 40 feet below grade.

JSC2001-02225 (17 August 2001) --- The members of the STS-105/ISS 7A.1 Orbit 2 team pose for a group portrait in the International Space Station (ISS) flight control room (BFCR) in Houston’s Mission Control Center (MCC). Orbit 2 flight director Rick LaBrode (front right) holds the STS-105 mission logo, and Astronaut Joan E. Higginbotham, ISS spacecraft communicator (CAPCOM), holds the ISS 7A.1 mission logo.

JSC2001-02229 (16 August 2001) --- The members of the STS-105/ISS 7A.1 Orbit 1 team pose for a group portrait in the International Space Station (ISS) flight control room (BFCR) in Houston’s Mission Control Center (MCC). Flight director Mark Ferring is kneeling as he holds the Expedition Three mission logo. Astronaut Stephanie D. Wilson, ISS spacecraft communicator (CAPCOM), is standing behind Ferring.

JSC2000-06253 (15 Sept. 2000) --- Flight director Phil Engelauf, front center, and the other fifty-odd flight controllers making up the STS-106 Orbit 1 team, pose for their group portrait in the Flight Control Room of Houston's Mission Control Center.

JSC2010-E-086698 (22 May 2010) --- The members of the STS-132 Orbit 1 flight control team pose for a group portrait in the space shuttle flight control room in the Mission Control Center at NASA's Johnson Space Center. Flight director Mike Sarafin (center) is visible on the front row.

In Kennedy Space Center’s Press Site auditorium, agency and industry leaders speak to members of the media on Friday, Feb. 22, during the post-flight readiness review briefing for the SpaceX Demo-1 Commercial Crew Program (CCP) mission to the International Space Station. Pictured is Norm Knight, deputy director, NASA Johnson Space Center Flight Operations. The inaugural uncrewed flight of the SpaceX Crew Dragon, known as Demo-1, is targeted to lift off from Kennedy’s Launch Complex 39A on Saturday, March 2. EST. A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will launch the Crew Dragon on a mission designed to validate end-to-end systems and capabilities, leading to certification to fly crew.

STS088-335-006 (4-15 Dec. 1998) --- Astronaut Nancy J. Currie, mission specialist, looking out the aft flight window, works the controls of the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) arm onboard the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Endeavour. She was in the process of moving the stowed United States-built Unity Module (Node 1) into a docked configuration with Endeavour?s docking system. This process preceded rendezvous and docking with the Russian-built FGB Module (Zarya).

JSC2009-E-120813 (20 May 2009) --- The members of the STS-125 Orbit 1 flight control team pose for a group portrait in the space shuttle flight control room in the Mission Control Center at NASA's Johnson Space Center. Flight director Tony Ceccacci holds the STS-125 mission logo.

JSC2010-E-050680 (12 April 2010) --- The members of the STS-131 Orbit 1 flight control team pose for a group portrait in the space shuttle flight control room in the Mission Control Center at NASA's Johnson Space Center. Flight director Richard Jones (second left) is on the front row.

Mechanical engineering and integration technician Ivan Pratt installs brackets onto the static load testing platform in preparation of an OSAM-1 ground support equipment proof test at Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Md., July 19, 2023. This photo has been reviewed by OSAM1 project management and the Export Control Office and is released for public view. NASA/Mike Guinto

PHOTO DATE: 02/25/11 LOCATION: Bldg. 30 south -WFCR SUBJECT: STS-133/ULF5 Flight Controllers on Console - Orbit Shift 3/1 - Mike Marsh Award PHOTOGRAPHER: GEESEMAN

PHOTO DATE: 02/25/11 LOCATION: Bldg. 30 south -WFCR SUBJECT: STS-133/ULF5 Flight Controllers on Console - Orbit Shift 3/1 - Mike Marsh Award PHOTOGRAPHER: GEESEMAN

PHOTO DATE: 02/25/11 LOCATION: Bldg. 30 south -WFCR SUBJECT: STS-133/ULF5 Flight Controllers on Console - Orbit Shift 3/1 - Mike Marsh Award PHOTOGRAPHER: GEESEMAN

PHOTO DATE: 05-13-09 LOCATION: Bldg. 30 south , WFCR & Backrooms SUBJECT: STS-125 Flight Controllers on Console During HST Grapple - Orbit 1 - Bldg. 30 south. Flight Director: Tony Ceccacci PHOTOGRAPHER: JAMES BLAIR

Date: 11-25-09 Location: Bldg. 2S - Rm 122 Press Conference Subject: STS-129 Flight Day 10 Mission Status Briefing with Orbit 1 Flight Director Mike Sarafin. Photographer: Lauren Harnett

PHOTO DATE: 22 March 2009 - 3:30pm LOCATION: Bldg. 30, FCR-1 SUBJECT: Team photo of ISS 15A Flight Control Team - Orbit 2 - Flight Director Heather Rarick PHOTOGRAPHER: Bill Stafford

PHOTO DATE: 05-13-09 LOCATION: Bldg. 30 south , WFCR & Backrooms SUBJECT: STS-125 Flight Controllers on Console During HST Grapple - Orbit 1 - Bldg. 30 south. Flight Director: Tony Ceccacci PHOTOGRAPHER: JAMES BLAIR

Date: 11-25-09 Location: Bldg. 2S - Rm 122 Press Conference Subject: STS-129 Flight Day 10 Mission Status Briefing with Orbit 1 Flight Director Mike Sarafin. Photographer: Lauren Harnett

This night photograph depicts the SA-1 booster (Saturn I S-I stage) being removed from the test stand after the first flight qualification testing at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC).

JSC2010-E-086277 (19 May 2010) --- The members of the STS-132/ULF-4 ISS Orbit 1 flight control team pose for a group portrait in the space station flight control room in the Mission Control Center at NASA's Johnson Space Center. Flight director Holly Ridings holds the STS-132 mission logo.

JSC2007-E-095034 (31 Oct. 2007) --- The members of the STS-120 Orbit 1 flight control team pose for a portrait in the space shuttle flight control room in Houston's Mission Control Center (MCC). Flight director Rick LaBrode (left) and astronaut Chris Ferguson, spacecraft communicator (CAPCOM), hold the STS-120 mission logo.

In Kennedy Space Center’s Press Site auditorium, agency and industry leaders speak to members of the media on Friday, Feb. 22, during the post-flight readiness review briefing for the SpaceX Demo-1 Commercial Crew Program (CCP) mission to the International Space Station. From left are: Kathy Lueders, manager, NASA Commercial Crew Program; Hans Koenigsmann, vice president, Build and Flight Reliability, SpaceX; and Kirk Shireman, International Space Station Program manager. The inaugural uncrewed flight of the SpaceX Crew Dragon, known as Demo-1, is targeted to lift off from Kennedy’s Launch Complex 39A on Saturday, March 2. EST. A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will launch the Crew Dragon on a mission designed to validate end-to-end systems and capabilities, leading to certification to fly crew.

NASA and SpaceX leadership gather for a group photo on the second and final day of the Flight Readiness Review (FRR) for the agency’s SpaceX Crew-1 mission at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Nov. 10, 2020. The FRR focuses on the preparedness of SpaceX’s crew transportation system, the International Space Station, and its international partners to support the flight, and the certification of flight readiness. Crew-1 is the first regular crew mission of a U.S. commercial spacecraft with astronauts to the International Space Station as part of NASA’s Commercial Crew Program. The Crew Dragon Resilience capsule will launch atop a Falcon 9 rocket from Launch Complex 39A carrying NASA astronauts Michael Hopkins, Victor Glover, Shannon Walker and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Soichi Noguchi to the space station for a six-month science mission.

The United Launch Alliance Delta IV Heavy rocket with NASA’s Orion spacecraft mounted atop, lifts off on Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1) from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station's Space Launch Complex 37 at at 7:05 a.m. EST, Friday, Dec. 5, 2014, in Florida. Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.

NASA's Orion spacecraft that flew Exploration Flight Test-1 on Dec. 5, 2014 is seen as it arrives at the White House complex, Saturday, July 21, 2018 in Washington, DC. Lockheed Martin, NASA’s prime contractor for Orion, began manufacturing the Orion crew module in 2011 and delivered it in July 2012 to NASA's Kennedy Space Center where final assembly, integration and testing was completed. More than 1,000 companies across the country manufactured or contributed elements to the spacecraft. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA's Orion spacecraft that flew Exploration Flight Test-1 on Dec. 5, 2014 is seen as it arrives at the White House complex, Saturday, July 21, 2018 in Washington, DC. Lockheed Martin, NASA’s prime contractor for Orion, began manufacturing the Orion crew module in 2011 and delivered it in July 2012 to NASA's Kennedy Space Center where final assembly, integration and testing was completed. More than 1,000 companies across the country manufactured or contributed elements to the spacecraft. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA's Orion spacecraft that flew Exploration Flight Test-1 on Dec. 5, 2014 is seen as it arrives at the White House complex, Saturday, July 21, 2018 in Washington, DC. Lockheed Martin, NASA’s prime contractor for Orion, began manufacturing the Orion crew module in 2011 and delivered it in July 2012 to NASA's Kennedy Space Center where final assembly, integration and testing was completed. More than 1,000 companies across the country manufactured or contributed elements to the spacecraft. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA's Orion spacecraft that flew Exploration Flight Test-1 on Dec. 5, 2014 is seen as it arrives at the White House complex, Saturday, July 21, 2018 in Washington, DC. Lockheed Martin, NASA’s prime contractor for Orion, began manufacturing the Orion crew module in 2011 and delivered it in July 2012 to NASA's Kennedy Space Center where final assembly, integration and testing was completed. More than 1,000 companies across the country manufactured or contributed elements to the spacecraft. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA's Orion spacecraft that flew Exploration Flight Test-1 on Dec. 5, 2014 is seen on the South Lawn of the White House, Sunday, July 22, 2018 in Washington, DC. Lockheed Martin, NASA’s prime contractor for Orion, began manufacturing the Orion crew module in 2011 and delivered it in July 2012 to NASA's Kennedy Space Center where final assembly, integration and testing was completed. More than 1,000 companies across the country manufactured or contributed elements to the spacecraft. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA's Orion spacecraft that flew Exploration Flight Test-1 on Dec. 5, 2014 is seen as it arrives at the White House complex, Saturday, July 21, 2018 in Washington, DC. Lockheed Martin, NASA’s prime contractor for Orion, began manufacturing the Orion crew module in 2011 and delivered it in July 2012 to NASA's Kennedy Space Center where final assembly, integration and testing was completed. More than 1,000 companies across the country manufactured or contributed elements to the spacecraft. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA's Orion spacecraft that flew Exploration Flight Test-1 on Dec. 5, 2014 is seen as it arrives at the White House complex, Saturday, July 21, 2018 in Washington, DC. Lockheed Martin, NASA’s prime contractor for Orion, began manufacturing the Orion crew module in 2011 and delivered it in July 2012 to NASA's Kennedy Space Center where final assembly, integration and testing was completed. More than 1,000 companies across the country manufactured or contributed elements to the spacecraft. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

JSC2001-02227 (16 August 2001) --- The members of the STS-105/ISS 7A.1 Planning team pose for a group portrait in the International Space Station (ISS) flight control room (BFCR) in Houston’s Mission Control Center (MCC).

AD-1 in flight. Flight #30. The AD-1 aircraft in flight with its wing swept at 60 degrees, the maximum sweep angle.

STS-133/ULF5 Orbit 1 flight controllers on console during unberth of Permanment Multipurpose Module (PMM) from shuttle. Photo Date: March 1, 2011. Location: Building 30 - WFCR and FCR-1. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

STS-133/ULF5 Orbit 1 flight controllers on console during unberth of Permanment Multipurpose Module (PMM) from shuttle. Photo Date: March 1, 2011. Location: Building 30 - WFCR and FCR-1. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

In Kennedy Space Center’s Press Site auditorium, agency and industry leaders speak to members of the media on Friday, Feb. 22, during the post-flight readiness review briefing for the SpaceX Demo-1 Commercial Crew Program (CCP) mission to the International Space Station. From left are: Josh Finch of NASA Communications; William Gerstenmaier, associate administrator, NASA Human Exploration and Operations; and Kathy Lueders, manager, NASA Commercial Crew Program. The inaugural uncrewed flight of the SpaceX Crew Dragon, known as Demo-1, is targeted to lift off from Kennedy’s Launch Complex 39A on Saturday, March 2. EST. A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will launch the Crew Dragon on a mission designed to validate end-to-end systems and capabilities, leading to certification to fly crew.

In Kennedy Space Center’s Press Site auditorium, agency and industry leaders speak to members of the media on Friday, Feb. 22, during the post-flight readiness review briefing for the SpaceX Demo-1 Commercial Crew Program (CCP) mission to the International Space Station. From left are: Josh Finch of NASA Communications and William Gerstenmaier, associate administrator, NASA Human Exploration and Operations. The inaugural uncrewed flight of the SpaceX Crew Dragon, known as Demo-1, is targeted to lift off from Kennedy’s Launch Complex 39A on Saturday, March 2. EST. A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will launch the Crew Dragon on a mission designed to validate end-to-end systems and capabilities, leading to certification to fly crew.

In Kennedy Space Center’s Press Site auditorium, agency and industry leaders speak to members of the media on Friday, Feb. 22, during the post-flight readiness review briefing for the SpaceX Demo-1 Commercial Crew Program (CCP) mission to the International Space Station. From left are: Josh Finch of NASA Communications; William Gerstenmaier, associate administrator, NASA Human Exploration and Operations; Kathy Lueders, manager, NASA Commercial Crew Program; Hans Koenigsmann, vice president, Build and Flight Reliability, SpaceX; Kirk Shireman, International Space Station Program manager; and Norm Knight, deputy director, NASA Johnson Space Center Flight Operations. The inaugural uncrewed flight of the SpaceX Crew Dragon, known as Demo-1, is targeted to lift off from Kennedy’s Launch Complex 39A on Saturday, March 2. EST. A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will launch the Crew Dragon on a mission designed to validate end-to-end systems and capabilities, leading to certification to fly crew.

In Kennedy Space Center’s Press Site auditorium, agency and industry leaders speak to members of the media on Friday, Feb. 22, during the post-flight readiness review briefing for the SpaceX Demo-1 Commercial Crew Program (CCP) mission to the International Space Station. From left are: Josh Finch of NASA Communications; William Gerstenmaier, associate administrator, NASA Human Exploration and Operations; Kathy Lueders, manager, NASA Commercial Crew Program; Hans Koenigsmann, vice president, Build and Flight Reliability, SpaceX; Kirk Shireman, International Space Station Program manager; and Norm Knight, deputy director, NASA Johnson Space Center Flight Operations. The inaugural uncrewed flight of the SpaceX Crew Dragon, known as Demo-1, is targeted to lift off from Kennedy’s Launch Complex 39A on Saturday, March 2. EST. A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will launch the Crew Dragon on a mission designed to validate end-to-end systems and capabilities, leading to certification to fly crew.

Mark Geyer, NASA’s Orion manager, visited NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California, on April 9, 2008, to see the Pad Abort-1 test article, developed to demonstrate the Orion capsule’s emergency escape system during launch. Dave McAllister, NASA Armstrong Abort Flight Test operations lead, right, shows Geyer the Orion capsule mockup. Pad Abort-1 was later tested at the U.S. Army’s White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico, on May 6, 2010.

A United Launch Alliance Delta IV Heavy rocket with NASA’s Orion spacecraft mounted atop is seen as the Mobile Service Tower is rolled back on Dec. 3, 2014, at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station's Space Launch Complex 37, Florida. Orion is scheduled to make its first flight test on Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1) on Dec. 4 with a morning launch atop the Delta IV Heavy. Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.

NASA's Orion spacecraft that flew Exploration Flight Test-1 on Dec. 5, 2014 is seen while being lifted over a gate and onto the South Lawn of the White House, Saturday, July 21, 2018 in Washington, DC. Lockheed Martin, NASA’s prime contractor for Orion, began manufacturing the Orion crew module in 2011 and delivered it in July 2012 to NASA's Kennedy Space Center where final assembly, integration and testing was completed. More than 1,000 companies across the country manufactured or contributed elements to the spacecraft. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA's Orion spacecraft that flew on Exploration Flight Test-1 on Dec. 5, 2014, is seen on the south lawn of the White House during a Made in America Product Showcase, Monday, July 23, 2018 in Washington. Lockheed Martin, NASA’s prime contractor for Orion, began manufacturing the Orion crew module in 2011 and delivered it in July 2012 to NASA's Kennedy Space Center where final assembly, integration and testing was completed. More than 1,000 companies across the country manufactured or contributed elements to the spacecraft. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA's Orion spacecraft that flew Exploration Flight Test-1 on Dec. 5, 2014 is seen after being uncovered in preparation for being moved onto the White House complex, Saturday, July 21, 2018 in Washington, DC. Lockheed Martin, NASA’s prime contractor for Orion, began manufacturing the Orion crew module in 2011 and delivered it in July 2012 to NASA's Kennedy Space Center where final assembly, integration and testing was completed. More than 1,000 companies across the country manufactured or contributed elements to the spacecraft. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
