Old Geology and New Geology

Processes of Geology

Diverse Geology

The Complex Geology of Geddes Crater

Mercury Geology: A Story with Many Chapters

jsc2019e054865 (09-16-19) --- (From left) 2017 NASA astronaut candidates Kayla Barron, Frank Rubio, Raja Chari, and Jessica Watkins with their field instructor during geology training in Arizona. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Stafford)

Apollo astronauts study rock formations during a geology field training in Iceland in 1967.

Gusev Crater Geology as Seen from Above

CSA (Canadian Space Agency) astronaut and Artemis II backup crew member, Jenni Gibbons, participates in geology field training in Iceland.

Angela Garcia, Artemis II science officer and exploration geologist, demonstrates how to use a rock hammer and chisel to dislodge a rock sample from a large boulder during the Artemis II field geology training in Iceland.

Artemis II Crew Geology Training in Iceland. Nautagil / Holohraun Science Activity. Photo Date: August 1, 2024. Location: Drekagil, Iceland. Photo Credit: NASA/Robert Markowitz

NASA astronaut and Artemis II backup crew member Andre Douglas uses a rock hammer and chisel to break a sample off a large boulder during a geology field training exercise in Iceland.

Artemis II Crew Geology Training in Iceland. Nautagil / Holohraun Science Activity. Photo Date: August 1, 2024. Location: Drekagil, Iceland. Photo Credit: NASA/Robert Markowitz

Artemis geology training lead at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Cindy Evans (left) and NASA astronaut and Artemis II mission specialist Christina Koch study geologic features in Iceland during Artemis II crew geology training in August 2024.

Lunar science lead for Artemis II and Artemis II science officer at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, Kelsey Young, stands in the lunar-like landscape of Iceland during an Artemis II crew geology field training.

jsc2023e041422 --- Artemis II science trainers push a lunar tool cart across the lunar-like landscape of Iceland during an Artemis II crew geology field training.

A view of the Holuhraun lava field from the Bárðarbunga volcano, located in Vatnajökull National Park in Iceland. The image shows the rubbly textured basaltic lava flow that has been partially buried by wind-blown sediment. Iceland has been used as a planetary analog for geology training for astronauts since the Apollo missions because of the geologic similarities to the Moon.

The Artemis II crew, NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, Christina Koch, and Canadian Space Agency (CSA) astronaut Jeremy Hansen, and backup crew members NASA astronaut Andre Douglas and CSA astronaut Jenni Gibbons trek across the Icelandic landscape during their field geology training. Credits: NASA/Robert Markowitz

jsc2024e040812 (June 7, 2024) --- Juliane Gross, curation lead for the Artemis Internal Science Team, leads a geology lesson for the Artemis II crew at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston. Artemis II crew members pictured are, from left, Canadian Space Agency (CSA) astronauts Jenni Gibbons and Jeremey Hansen, along with NASA astronauts Victor Glover, and Christina Koch.

PHOTOMICROPHOTOGRAPHY -GEOLOGY (SEM) High magnification and resolution views of lunar, meteorite and terrestrial materials with the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).

PHOTOMICROPHOTOGRAPHY -GEOLOGY (SEM) High magnification and resolution views of lunar, meteorite and terrestrial materials using the Scanning Electron MIcroscope (SEM), Bldg. 31 Planetary and Earth Science Laboratory.

S69-25944 (25 Feb. 1969) --- These two Apollo 11 crew astronauts study rock samples during a geological field trip to the Quitman Mountains area near the Fort Quitman ruins in far west Texas. Neil A. Armstrong (in background) is the Apollo 11 commander; and Edwin E. Aldrin Jr. is the lunar module pilot.

S70-34415 (April 1970) --- Astronaut Alan B. Shepard Jr., prime crew commander of the Apollo 14 mission, uses a trenching tool during a simulation of a traverse on the lunar surface. Members of the Apollo 14 prime and backup crews were in Hawaii to train for the extravehicular activity of their upcoming mission. Features of the terrain at Kapoho and other Hawaiian sites are very similar to those found on the lunar surface. A modular equipment transporter (MET), nicknamed the "Rickshaw" because of its appearance and method of propulsion, is behind Shepard, and a gnomon, one of the Apollo lunar hand tools (ALHT) is at extreme left.

CSA (Canadian Space Agency) astronaut and Artemis II crew member Jeremy Hansen uses a rock hammer and chisel to break a sample off a large boulder during a geology field training exercise in Iceland.

jsc2024e040808 --- Artemis II crew members, from left, NASA astronauts Christina Koch and Victor Glover, CSA (Canadian Space Agency) astronauts Jeremy Hansen and Jenni Gibbons, study rocks during classroom preparation ahead of their fieldwork training in Iceland.

S69-25199 (25 Feb. 1969) --- Two Apollo 11 astronauts study a rock specimen during a geological field trip to the Quitman Mountains area near the Fort Quitman ruins in far west Texas. On the left is James A. Lovell Jr., Apollo 11 backup crew commander; and on the right is Fred W. Haise Jr., backup crew lunar module pilot. Lovell holds a camera which was used in simulating taking pictures of actual lunar samples on the surface of the Moon.

The Artemis II crew astronauts, their backups, and the geology training field team pose in a valley in Iceland’s Vatnajökull national park. From front left: Angela Garcia, Jacob Richardson, Cindy Evans, Jenni Gibbons, Jacki Mahaffey, back row from left: Jeremy Hansen, John Ramsey, Reid Wiseman, Ron Spencer, Scott Wray, Kelsey Young, Patrick Whelley, Christina Koch, Andre Douglas, Jacki Kagey, Victor Glover, Rick Rochelle (NOLS), Trevor Graff.

S71-36874 (10 June 1971) --- University of Texas geologist/professor William R. Muelhberger (left) talks with astronaut John W. Young, Apollo 16 commander, during an Apollo 16 geology field trip to Mono Crater, Calif. Astronaut Charles Duke, lunar module pilot, is seen at frame center, talking to geologist David Wones (second left). Astronaut Anthony England, Apollo 16 spacecraft communicator (CAPCOM), is at right. Photo credit: NASA

Science Evaluation Room Lead Brett Denevi, Artemis III Geology Team principal investigator for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate, looks over the Science Evaluation Room (SER) during the JETT 5 field test. JETT 5 was a week-long field test in the lunar-like landscape of San Francisco Volcanic Field near Flagstaff, Arizona while a team of flight controllers and scientists at Johnson monitor and guide their activities. Credit: NASA/James Blair

NASA astronaut Andre Douglas examines a geology sample he collected during a simulated moonwalk in the San Francisco Volcanic Field in Northern Arizona on May 14, 2024. Credit: NASA/Josh Valcarcel

NASA astronaut Kate Rubins examines a geology sample she collected during a simulated moonwalk in the San Francisco Volcanic Field in Northern Arizona on May 13, 2024. Credit: NASA/Josh Valcarcel

NASA astronaut Kate Rubins selects the geology tool needed during a nighttime simulated moonwalk in the San Francisco Volcanic Field in Northern Arizona on May 16, 2024. Credit: NASA/Josh Valcarcel

S70-34416 (April 1970) --- At Kapoho, Hawaii, two Apollo 14 prime crew members take part in a simulation of a lunar traverse while two persons from the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) observe. The prime and backup crews of the Apollo 14 mission were in Hawaii for several days in April 1970 to visit various sites having features similar to those on the lunar surface. Astronaut Alan B. Shepard Jr. (front), prime crew commander, carries a gnomon (from the Apollo Lunar Hand Tools - ALHT) in his left hand while pulling the Modular Equipment Transporter (MET) with his right hand. He is followed by astronaut Edgar D. Mitchell, prime lunar module pilot, with a Hasselblad lunar surface camera. Michael C. McEwen (second from rear) of the Geology Branch, Lunar and Earth Sciences Division, MSC; and Major William J. Wood of the Lunar Surface Operations Office observe the training activity. Photo credit: NASA

NASA astronaut Andre Douglas holds open a sample bag for NASA astronaut Kate Rubins as she pours some geology samples into it during a simulated moonwalk in the San Francisco Volcanic Field in Northern Arizona on May 17, 2024. Credit: NASA/Josh Valcarcel

This image, acquired by NASA Terra spacecraft, is of Canyonlands National Park, Utah, a showcase of geology in the southwest desert of the United States.

Geologic faults among craters on Saturn moon Tethys are depicted in this image captured during a flyby of the moon by NASA Cassini spacecraft on Aug. 14, 2010.

This image taken by the Mast Camera MastCam on NASA Curiosity rover highlights the interesting geology of Mount Sharp, a mountain inside Gale Crater, where the rover landed.

S70-53300 (2-3 Nov. 1970) --- Two Apollo 15 crew members, riding a Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) simulator, participate in geology training at the Cinder Lake crater field in Arizona. Astronaut David R. Scott, Apollo 15 commander, seated on the left; and to Scott's right is astronaut James B. Irwin, lunar module pilot. They have stopped at the rim of a 30-feet deep crater to look over the terrain. The simulator, called "Grover", was built by the United States Geological Survey.

Marie Henderson, from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, foreground, and Ariel Deutsch, from NASA Ames, follow the geology traverses during the JETT 5 field test. JETT 5 was a week-long field test in the lunar-like landscape of San Francisco Volcanic Field near Flagstaff, Arizona while a team of flight controllers and scientists at Johnson monitor and guide their activities. Credit: NASA/Helen Arase Vargas

Artemis III Geology Team member, Jose Hurtado from the University of Texas at El Paso, left, and Maria Banks of NASA’s Goddard Spaceflight Center work in the Science Evaluation Room (SER) during the JETT 5 field test. JETT 5 was a week-long field test in the lunar-like landscape of San Francisco Volcanic Field near Flagstaff, Arizona while a team of flight controllers and scientists at Johnson monitor and guide their activities. Credit: NASA/Helen Arase Vargas

Artemis Curation Lead Julianne Gross, left, and Brett Denevi, Artemis III Geology Team principal investigator for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate, work in the Science Evaluation Room (SER) during the JETT 5 field test. JETT 5 was a week-long field test in the lunar-like landscape of San Francisco Volcanic Field near Flagstaff, Arizona while a team of flight controllers and scientists at Johnson monitor and guide their activities. Credit: NASA/Helen Arase Vargas

This is a frame from an animation of a rotating globe of Jupiter moon Ganymede, with a geologic map superimposed over a global color mosaic, incorporating the best available imagery from NASA Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft, and Galileo spacecraft.

This geological map from NASA New Horizons covers a portion of Pluto surface and includes the vast nitrogen-ice plain informally named Sputnik Planum and surrounding terrain.

This geological map covers a portion of Pluto's surface that measures 1,290 miles (2,070 kilometers) from top to bottom, and includes the vast nitrogen-ice plain informally named Sputnik Planum and surrounding terrain. The map is overlain with colors that represent different geological terrains. Each terrain, or unit, is defined by its texture and morphology -- smooth, pitted, craggy, hummocky or ridged, for example. How well a unit can be defined depends on the resolution of the images that cover it. All of the terrain in this map has been imaged at a resolution of approximately 1,050 feet (320 meters) per pixel or better, meaning scientists can map units with relative confidence. The various blue and greenish units that fill the center of the map represent different textures seen across Sputnik Planum, from the cellular terrain in the center and north, to the smooth and pitted plains in the south. The black lines represent the troughs that mark the boundaries of cellular regions in the nitrogen ice. The purple unit represents the chaotic, blocky mountain ranges that line Sputnik's western border, and the pink unit represents the scattered, floating hills at its eastern edge. The possible cryovolcanic feature informally named Wright Mons is mapped in red in the southern corner of the map. The rugged highlands of the informally named Cthulhu Regio is mapped in dark brown along the western edge, and is pockmarked by many large impact craters, mapped in yellow. The base map for this geologic map is a mosaic of 12 images obtained by the Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) at a resolution of 1,280 feet (about 390 meters) per pixel. The mosaic was obtained at a range of approximately 48,000 miles (77,300 kilometers) from Pluto, about an hour and 40 minutes before New Horizons' closest approach on July 14, 2015. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA20465

In this NASA Mars Odyssey image of eastern Arabia Terra, remnants of a once vast layered terrain are evident as isolated buttes, mesas, and deeply-filled craters. The origin of the presumed sediments that created the layers is unknown, but those same sediments, now eroded, may be the source of the thick mantle of dust that covers much of Arabia Terra today. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA04400

This series of images reconstructs the geology of the region around Mars Mount Sharp, where NASA Curiosity Mars rover landed and is now driving. The images were taken on Earth and have been altered for the illustration.

This mid-afternoon, 360-degree panorama was acquired by NASA Curiosity Mars rover on April 4, 2016, as part of long-term campaign to document the context and details of the geology and landforms along Curiosity traverse inside Gale Crater.

Dr. Dawn Sumner, Professor of Geology, UC Davis, speaks on a panel at the “Ancient Earth, Alien Earths” Event at NASA Headquarters in Washington, DC Wednesday, August 20, 2014. The event was sponsored by NASA, the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the Smithsonian Institution and was moderated by Dr. David H. Grinspoon, Senior Scientist at the Planetary Science Institute. Six scientists discussed how research on early Earth could help guide our search for habitable planets orbiting other stars. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

S70-34421 (April 1970) --- Prime crew men and backup crew men, of the Apollo 14 lunar landing mission, look over an area near the site of a volcanic eruption on Dec. 30, 1969. Astronauts Alan B. Shepard Jr. (leaning with left hand on ground) and Edgar D. Mitchell (behind Shepard, wearing dark glasses) are the prime crew men scheduled to walk on the moon. Astronauts Eugene A. Cernan (almost obscured at extreme left) and Joe H. Engle (partially visible, on Cernan's right) are backup crew commander and lunar module pilot, respectively, for the mission. Others in the photograph are Pat Crosland (in hard hat), a geologist and a park ranger in Hawaii Volcanoes State Park; Michael C. McEwen (facing Mitchell) of the Geology Branch, Lunar and Earth Sciences Division, Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC); and astronaut Bruce McCandless II, who made the trip to serve as a spacecraft communicator during simulations of extravehicular activity (EVA) on the lunar surface.

Seeing small areas of the Moon at 50 cm per pixel often presents unexpected views, and sometimes it is hard to interpret the geology at first glance, much less what is up and what is down, as evidenced by NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter.

jsc2019e054874 (09-16-19) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidate Frank Rubio during geology training in Arizona. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Stafford)

jsc2019e054997 (09-16-19) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidates gather for data collection during geology training in Arizona. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Stafford)

jsc2019e054910 (09-16-19) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidate Kayla Barron during geology training in Arizona. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Stafford)

jsc2019e054977 (09-16-19) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidates gather during geology training in Arizona. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Stafford)

jsc2019e054955 (09-16-19) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidate Bob Hines during geology training in Arizona. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Stafford)

S69-25198 (25 Feb. 1969) --- Astronaut Neil A. Armstrong, commander of the Apollo 11 prime crew, studies rock sample during a geological field trip to the Quitman Mountains area near the Fort Quitman ruins in far west Texas.

A southward-looking panorama combining images from both cameras of the Mast Camera Mastcam instrument on NASA Curiosity Mars Rover shows diverse geological textures on Mount Sharp. A southward-looking panorama combining images from both cameras of the Mast Camera (Mastcam) instrument on NASA's Curiosity Mars Rover shows diverse geological textures on Mount Sharp. Three years after landing on Mars, the mission is investigating this layered mountain for evidence about changes in Martian environmental conditions, from an ancient time when conditions were favorable for microbial life to the much-drier present. Gravel and sand ripples fill the foreground, typical of terrains that Curiosity traversed to reach Mount Sharp from its landing site. Outcrops in the midfield are of two types: dust-covered, smooth bedrock that forms the base of the mountain, and sandstone ridges that shed boulders as they erode. Rounded buttes in the distance contain sulfate minerals, perhaps indicating a change in the availability of water when they formed. Some of the layering patterns on higher levels of Mount Sharp in the background are tilted at different angles than others, evidence of complicated relationships still to be deciphered. The scene spans from southeastward at left to southwestward at right. The component images were taken on April 10 and 11, 2015, the 952nd and 953rd Martian days (or sols) since the rover's landing on Mars on Aug. 6, 2012, UTC (Aug. 5, PDT). Images in the central part of the panorama are from Mastcam's right-eye camera, which is equipped with a 100-millimeter-focal-length telephoto lens. Images used in outer portions, including the most distant portions of the mountain in the scene, were taken with Mastcam's left-eye camera, using a wider-angle, 34-millimeter lens. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA19803

S70-34413 (April 1970) --- Astronaut Eugene A. Cernan (right), backup crew commander of the Apollo 14 lunar landing mission, pours a scoop-full of sample material into a bag held by astronaut Joe H. Engle, Apollo 14 backup crew lunar module pilot. The two joined the prime crew members and other Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) personnel on a training trip to various areas of Hawaii. Here in Kapoho, the two backup crew members for NASA?s next lunar landing mission are taking part in a full simulation of a traverse on the lunar surface. Note the check-list on Cernan's left wrist. He carries a penetrometer in his belt. The terrain in this area bears many similarities to that on the lunar surface. Photo credit: NASA

jsc2019e054895 (09-16-19) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidates Raja Chari and Kayla Barron examines samples during geology training in Arizona. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Stafford)

jsc2019e055475 (09-19-19) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidates hike as a team with their field instructors during geology training in Arizona. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Stafford)

jsc2019e054994(09-16-19) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidates Kayla Barron (left) and Jessica Watkins (right) examine samples during geology training in Arizona. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Stafford)

jsc2019e055106 (09-17-19) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidates gather to review field instrumentation during geology training in Arizona. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Stafford)

jsc2019e054897 (09-16-19) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidate Jessica Watkins takes notes during geology training in Arizona. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Stafford)

New Approach to Self Achievement (N.A.S.A.) Project Students learn about the geology of the Moon at the Aerospace Education Center Return to the Moon Discovery Path Lunar Locations Module

Test subjects Kelsey Young and Tess Caswell evaluate lunar field geology tasks as part of the Exploration Extravehicular Activity (xEVA) night operations development tests conducted at Johnson Space Center’s Rock Yard.

jsc2019e055078 (09-17-19) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidates Warren Hoburg (left) and Jonny Kim (right) input field data during geology training in Arizona. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Stafford)

jsc2019e055210 (09-18-19) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidates take a break with their field instructors during geology training in Arizona. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Stafford)

jsc2019e055001 (09-16-19) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidate Loral O’Hara scans her sample during data collection during geology training in Arizona. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Stafford)

jsc2019e055036 (09-17-19) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidate Warren Hoburg examines samples during geology training in Arizona. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Stafford)

jsc2019e054780 (09-15-19) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidate Raja Chari examines samples with field instructors during geology training in Arizona. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Stafford)

jsc2019e055340 (09-19-19) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidates hike as a team with their field instructors during geology training in Arizona. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Stafford)

jsc2019e055509 (09-19-19) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidates hike as a team with their field instructors during geology training in Arizona. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Stafford)

jsc2019e054855 (09-16-19) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidates Jessica Watkins (center) and Raja Chari (right) with field instructors during geology training in Arizona. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Stafford)

jsc2019e055491 (09-19-19) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidates gather to discuss further instruction with their field instructor during geology training in Arizona. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Stafford)

jsc2019e054952 (09-16-19) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidates Matthew Dominick and Loral O’Hara during geology training in Arizona. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Stafford)

jsc2019e054791 (09-15-19) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidate Jessica Watkins takes notes during geology training in Arizona. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Stafford)

NASA astronaut Jessica Watkins picks up a lunar geology tool from a stowage drawer on Astrolab’s FLEX lunar terrain vehicle during testing at NASA’s Johnson Space Center. Image Credit: NASA/Robert Markowitz

NASA astronaut Jessica Meir grabs a lunar geology tool from a tool rack on Lunar Outpost’s Eagle lunar terrain vehicle during testing at NASA’s Johnson Space Center. Image Credit: NASA/James Blair

Crater floors can have a range of features, from flat to a central peak or a central pit. This image from NASA 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft shows an unnamed crater in Terra Sabaea has a central pit. This unnamed crater in Terra Sabaea has a central pit. The different floor features develop do due several factors, including the size of the impactor, the geology of the surface material and the geology of the materials at depth. Orbit Number: 60737 Latitude: 22.3358 Longitude: 61.2019 Instrument: VIS Captured: 2015-08-23 20:13 http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA20092

This small 2 kilometer-wide crater was sitting around, minding its own business when a meteoroid struck the ground just to the west and created a new, larger crater almost 10 kilometers in diameter (not pictured). The ejecta spraying out of the new crater landed back on the ground and then continued to flow away from the new crater, and the smaller crater was in the way of that muddy flow. You can see where much of the muddy material flowed around the crater's uplifted rim and forms a squiggly ridge, but you can also see where the mud flow slid over the rim and ponded down in the bottom of the crater. One question we don't know the answer to is: "how wet was the muddy ejecta?" Ongoing observations like this and laboratory-based experiments are trying to find the answer to that question. This image also illustrates a common theme in geology, namely, the law of superposition. Because the crater has been affected by ejecta from the larger crater to the west, the small crater had to be there first and then the second, larger crater and its ejecta had to form. This allows planetary geologists to decipher the relative ages of different landforms. Because a central goal of geology is to understand past events from present-day clues, geology is sometimes compared to forensic science. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA13181

Walter Alvarez professor in the Earth and Planetary Science department at the University of California, Berkeley, gives a presentation titled "Doing Geology by Looking Up; Doing Astronomy by Looking Down", Monday, Dec. 31, 2018 at Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, Maryland. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

This illustration shows NASA's Mars Perseverance rover on the surface of the Red Planet. Perseverance will search for signs of ancient microbial life. It will also characterize the planet's climate and geology, collect samples for future return to Earth and pave the way for human exploration of the Red Planet. https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA24346

This illustration shows NASA's Mars Perseverance rover on the surface of the Red Planet. Perseverance will search for signs of ancient microbial life. It will also characterize the planet's climate and geology, collect samples for future return to Earth and pave the way for human exploration of the Red Planet. https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA24343

An Axiom Space engineer kneels down to collect simulated lunar samples using a geology tool while wearing the AxEMU (Axiom Extravehicular Mobility Unit) spacesuit during testing at NASA’s Johnson Space Center. Image Credit: Axiom Space

Spaceward Bound event in the Mojave Deser , CA (an outreach exercise) with Dr Chris McKay and Ames Education department personnel Brian Day, Barbara Bazar and a accompaning (learning for the the classroom) team of teachers will be studying side-by-side with NASA scientists who search for life in extreme environments, closely approximating what they expect to find on other planets. Why the Mojave -- an inhospitable, sun-drenched spot in the California Desert? This natural setting presents scientists with opportunities to study environments that are analogous to what explorers will find on the Moon and Mars. Teachers and scientists will perform scientific fieldwork in lunar geology, Mars astrobiology, Mars geology, and issues of temperature and solar inundation and radiation. for additional information and Outreach projects see http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/

Spaceward Bound event in the Mojave Deser , CA (an outreach exercise) with Dr Chris McKay and Ames Education department personnel Brian Day, Barbara Bazar and a accompaning (learning for the the classroom) team of teachers will be studying side-by-side with NASA scientists who search for life in extreme environments, closely approximating what they expect to find on other planets. Why the Mojave -- an inhospitable, sun-drenched spot in the California Desert? This natural setting presents scientists with opportunities to study environments that are analogous to what explorers will find on the Moon and Mars. Teachers and scientists will perform scientific fieldwork in lunar geology, Mars astrobiology, Mars geology, and issues of temperature and solar inundation and radiation. for additional information and Outreach projects see http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/

Spaceward Bound event in the Mojave Deser , CA (an outreach exercise) with Dr Chris McKay and Ames Education department personnel Brian Day, Barbara Bazar and a accompaning (learning for the the classroom) team of teachers will be studying side-by-side with NASA scientists who search for life in extreme environments, closely approximating what they expect to find on other planets. Why the Mojave -- an inhospitable, sun-drenched spot in the California Desert? This natural setting presents scientists with opportunities to study environments that are analogous to what explorers will find on the Moon and Mars. Teachers and scientists will perform scientific fieldwork in lunar geology, Mars astrobiology, Mars geology, and issues of temperature and solar inundation and radiation. for additional information and Outreach projects see http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/

Spaceward Bound event in the Mojave Deser , CA (an outreach exercise) with Dr Chris McKay and Ames Education department personnel Brian Day, Barbara Bazar and a accompaning (learning for the the classroom) team of teachers will be studying side-by-side with NASA scientists who search for life in extreme environments, closely approximating what they expect to find on other planets. Why the Mojave -- an inhospitable, sun-drenched spot in the California Desert? This natural setting presents scientists with opportunities to study environments that are analogous to what explorers will find on the Moon and Mars. Teachers and scientists will perform scientific fieldwork in lunar geology, Mars astrobiology, Mars geology, and issues of temperature and solar inundation and radiation. for additional information and Outreach projects see http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/

Spaceward Bound event in the Mojave Deser , CA (an outreach exercise) with Dr Chris McKay and Ames Education department personnel Brian Day, Barbara Bazar and a accompaning (learning for the the classroom) team of teachers will be studying side-by-side with NASA scientists who search for life in extreme environments, closely approximating what they expect to find on other planets. Why the Mojave -- an inhospitable, sun-drenched spot in the California Desert? This natural setting presents scientists with opportunities to study environments that are analogous to what explorers will find on the Moon and Mars. Teachers and scientists will perform scientific fieldwork in lunar geology, Mars astrobiology, Mars geology, and issues of temperature and solar inundation and radiation. for additional information and Outreach projects see http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/

Spaceward Bound event in the Mojave Deser , CA (an outreach exercise) with Dr Chris McKay and Ames Education department personnel Brian Day, Barbara Bazar and a accompaning (learning for the the classroom) team of teachers will be studying side-by-side with NASA scientists who search for life in extreme environments, closely approximating what they expect to find on other planets. Why the Mojave -- an inhospitable, sun-drenched spot in the California Desert? This natural setting presents scientists with opportunities to study environments that are analogous to what explorers will find on the Moon and Mars. Teachers and scientists will perform scientific fieldwork in lunar geology, Mars astrobiology, Mars geology, and issues of temperature and solar inundation and radiation. for additional information and Outreach projects see http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/

Spaceward Bound event in the Mojave Deser , CA (an outreach exercise) with Dr Chris McKay and Ames Education department personnel Brian Day, Barbara Bazar and a accompaning (learning for the the classroom) team of teachers will be studying side-by-side with NASA scientists who search for life in extreme environments, closely approximating what they expect to find on other planets. Why the Mojave -- an inhospitable, sun-drenched spot in the California Desert? This natural setting presents scientists with opportunities to study environments that are analogous to what explorers will find on the Moon and Mars. Teachers and scientists will perform scientific fieldwork in lunar geology, Mars astrobiology, Mars geology, and issues of temperature and solar inundation and radiation. for additional information and Outreach projects see http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/

Spaceward Bound event in the Mojave Deser , CA (an outreach exercise) with Dr Chris McKay and Ames Education department personnel Brian Day, Barbara Bazar and a accompaning (learning for the the classroom) team of teachers will be studying side-by-side with NASA scientists who search for life in extreme environments, closely approximating what they expect to find on other planets. Why the Mojave -- an inhospitable, sun-drenched spot in the California Desert? This natural setting presents scientists with opportunities to study environments that are analogous to what explorers will find on the Moon and Mars. Teachers and scientists will perform scientific fieldwork in lunar geology, Mars astrobiology, Mars geology, and issues of temperature and solar inundation and radiation. for additional information and Outreach projects see http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/

Spaceward Bound event in the Mojave Deser , CA (an outreach exercise) with Dr Chris McKay and Ames Education department personnel Brian Day, Barbara Bazar and a accompaning (learning for the the classroom) team of teachers will be studying side-by-side with NASA scientists who search for life in extreme environments, closely approximating what they expect to find on other planets. Why the Mojave -- an inhospitable, sun-drenched spot in the California Desert? This natural setting presents scientists with opportunities to study environments that are analogous to what explorers will find on the Moon and Mars. Teachers and scientists will perform scientific fieldwork in lunar geology, Mars astrobiology, Mars geology, and issues of temperature and solar inundation and radiation. for additional information and Outreach projects see http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/

Spaceward Bound event in the Mojave Deser , CA (an outreach exercise) with Dr Chris McKay and Ames Education department personnel Brian Day, Barbara Bazar and a accompaning (learning for the the classroom) team of teachers will be studying side-by-side with NASA scientists who search for life in extreme environments, closely approximating what they expect to find on other planets. Why the Mojave -- an inhospitable, sun-drenched spot in the California Desert? This natural setting presents scientists with opportunities to study environments that are analogous to what explorers will find on the Moon and Mars. Teachers and scientists will perform scientific fieldwork in lunar geology, Mars astrobiology, Mars geology, and issues of temperature and solar inundation and radiation. for additional information and Outreach projects see http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/

Spaceward Bound event in the Mojave Deser , CA (an outreach exercise) with Dr Chris McKay and Ames Education department personnel Brian Day, Barbara Bazar and a accompaning (learning for the the classroom) team of teachers will be studying side-by-side with NASA scientists who search for life in extreme environments, closely approximating what they expect to find on other planets. Why the Mojave -- an inhospitable, sun-drenched spot in the California Desert? This natural setting presents scientists with opportunities to study environments that are analogous to what explorers will find on the Moon and Mars. Teachers and scientists will perform scientific fieldwork in lunar geology, Mars astrobiology, Mars geology, and issues of temperature and solar inundation and radiation. for additional information and Outreach projects see http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/

Spaceward Bound event in the Mojave Deser , CA (an outreach exercise) with Dr Chris McKay and Ames Education department personnel Brian Day, Barbara Bazar and a accompaning (learning for the the classroom) team of teachers will be studying side-by-side with NASA scientists who search for life in extreme environments, closely approximating what they expect to find on other planets. Why the Mojave -- an inhospitable, sun-drenched spot in the California Desert? This natural setting presents scientists with opportunities to study environments that are analogous to what explorers will find on the Moon and Mars. Teachers and scientists will perform scientific fieldwork in lunar geology, Mars astrobiology, Mars geology, and issues of temperature and solar inundation and radiation. for additional information and Outreach projects see http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/ shown here: Monika Kress, Professor of Astronomy at San Jose State University

Spaceward Bound event in the Mojave Deser , CA (an outreach exercise) with Dr Chris McKay and Ames Education department personnel Brian Day, Barbara Bazar and a accompaning (learning for the the classroom) team of teachers will be studying side-by-side with NASA scientists who search for life in extreme environments, closely approximating what they expect to find on other planets. Why the Mojave -- an inhospitable, sun-drenched spot in the California Desert? This natural setting presents scientists with opportunities to study environments that are analogous to what explorers will find on the Moon and Mars. Teachers and scientists will perform scientific fieldwork in lunar geology, Mars astrobiology, Mars geology, and issues of temperature and solar inundation and radiation. for additional information and Outreach projects see http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/

Spaceward Bound event in the Mojave Deser , CA (an outreach exercise) with Dr Chris McKay and Ames Education department personnel Brian Day, Barbara Bazar and a accompaning (learning for the the classroom) team of teachers will be studying side-by-side with NASA scientists who search for life in extreme environments, closely approximating what they expect to find on other planets. Why the Mojave -- an inhospitable, sun-drenched spot in the California Desert? This natural setting presents scientists with opportunities to study environments that are analogous to what explorers will find on the Moon and Mars. Teachers and scientists will perform scientific fieldwork in lunar geology, Mars astrobiology, Mars geology, and issues of temperature and solar inundation and radiation. for additional information and Outreach projects see http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/

Spaceward Bound event in the Mojave Desert , CA (an outreach exercise) with Dr Chris McKay and Ames Education department personnel Brian Day, Barbara Bazar and a accompaning (learning for the the classroom) team of teachers will be studying side-by-side with NASA scientists who search for life in extreme environments, closely approximating what they expect to find on other planets. Why the Mojave -- an inhospitable, sun-drenched spot in the California Desert? This natural setting presents scientists with opportunities to study environments that are analogous to what explorers will find on the Moon and Mars. Teachers and scientists will perform scientific fieldwork in lunar geology, Mars astrobiology, Mars geology, and issues of temperature and solar inundation and radiation. for additional information and Outreach projects see http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/

Spaceward Bound event in the Mojave Deser , CA (an outreach exercise) with Dr Chris McKay and Ames Education department personnel Brian Day, Barbara Bazar and a accompaning (learning for the the classroom) team of teachers will be studying side-by-side with NASA scientists who search for life in extreme environments, closely approximating what they expect to find on other planets. Why the Mojave -- an inhospitable, sun-drenched spot in the California Desert? This natural setting presents scientists with opportunities to study environments that are analogous to what explorers will find on the Moon and Mars. Teachers and scientists will perform scientific fieldwork in lunar geology, Mars astrobiology, Mars geology, and issues of temperature and solar inundation and radiation. for additional information and Outreach projects see http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/