NASA Press Secretary Jackie McGuinness moderates a NASA town hall event, Wednesday, July 19, 2023, at the NASA Headquarters Mary W. Jackson Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Press Secretary Jackie McGuinness moderates a news conference to discuss the latest global temperature data, Monday, Aug. 14, 2023, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy, second from right, answers a question from staff during the NASA Day of Remembrance Employee Safety Town Hall as NASA Press Secretary Jackie McGuinness, left, NASA Administrator Bill Nelson, second from left, and NASA Associate Administrator Bob Cabana, right, look on, Tuesday, Jan. 24, 2023, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Keegan Barber)

Jackie McGuinness, NASA’s Press Secretary, provides opening remarks prior to the signing of the Artemis Accords by Foreign Affairs Minister for the Czech Republic, Jan Lipavský, Wednesday, May 3, 2023, at The Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington DC. The Czech Republic is the twenty fourth country to sign the Artemis Accords, which establish a practical set of principles to guide space exploration cooperation among nations participating in NASA’s Artemis program. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA Press Secretary Jackie McGuinness introduces NASA Administrator Bill Nelson during an event announcing Blue Origin as the company selected to develop a sustainable human landing system for the Artemis V Moon mission, Friday, May 19, 2023 at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. The human landing system will take astronauts to and from Gateway in lunar orbit to the surface and back to the lunar space station as part of NASA’s return to the Moon for science, exploration, and inspiration. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Press Secretary Jackie McGuinness, left, Kate Calvin, NASA Chief Scientist and senior climate advisor, second from left, Carlos Del Castillo, chief of the Ocean Ecology Laboratory at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, second from right, and Sarah Kapnick, Chief Scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), right, are seen during a news conference to discuss the latest global temperature data, Monday, Aug. 14, 2023, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Jackie McGuinness, NASA’s Press Secretary, left, NASA Administrator Bill Nelson, Bob Pearce, associate administrator for NASA's Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate, NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy, Brent Cobleigh, program manager for the Sustainable Flight Demonstrator at NASA's Armstrong Flight Research Center, and Todd Citron, chief technology officer, The Boeing Company, are seen as they take questions from members of the media during a news conference on NASA’s Sustainable Flight Demonstrator project, Wednesday, Jan. 18, 2023, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington, DC. Through a Funded Space Act Agreement, The Boeing company and its industry team will collaborate with NASA to develop and flight-test a full-scale Transonic Truss-Braced Wing demonstrator aircraft. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Minister of Innovation and Growth for Bulgaria Milena Stoycheva, second from right, delivers remarks during an Artemis Accords signing ceremony as NASA Press Secretary Jackie McGuinness, left, Ambassador of Bulgaria to the United States Georgi Panayotov, second from left, NASA Administrator Bill Nelson, third from left, and U.S. Department of State Deputy Assistant Secretary Sonata Coulter, right, look on Thursday, Nov. 9, 2023, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. Bulgaria is the 32nd country to sign the Artemis Accords, which establish a practical set of principles to guide space exploration cooperation among nations participating in NASA’s Artemis program. Photo Credit: (NASA/Keegan Barber)

Officials from NASA participate in the NASA Administrator Media Briefing ahead of Boeing’s Orbital Flight Test-2 (OFT-2) at the agency’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, July 29, 2021. From left to right are Jackie McGuinness, NASA Press Secretary; Janet Petro, director, NASA’s Kennedy Space Center; NASA Administrator Bill Nelson; NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy; NASA Associate Administrator Bob Cabana. The uncrewed OFT-2 will be the Starliner’s second flight for NASA’s Commercial Crew Program.

NASA Press Secretary Jackie McGuinness participates in a news conference on Aug. 8, 2023, at the agency’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. NASA senior leadership and the Artemis II crew discussed the mission – the first with astronauts under Artemis, which will send NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, and Christina Koch, as well as Canadian Space Agency astronaut Jeremy Hansen around the Moon and back. Artemis II is the first crewed mission on NASA’s path to establishing a long-term lunar presence for science and exploration under Artemis and is the first mission with astronauts to the Moon.

NASA officials take questions from members of the media in the Kennedy Space Center’s Press Site auditorium in Florida during the NASA Administrator Media Briefing ahead of Boeing’s Orbital Flight Test-2 (OFT-2), July 29, 2021. From left to right are Jackie McGuinness, NASA Press Secretary; Janet Petro, director, NASA’s Kennedy Space Center; NASA Administrator Bill Nelson; NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy; NASA Associate Administrator Bob Cabana. The uncrewed OFT-2 will be the Starliner’s second flight for NASA’s Commercial Crew Program.

Jackie McGuinness, NASA press secretary, moderates a news conference Sept. 3, 2022, at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, after launch of Artemis I was waived off from Kennedy’s Launch Complex 39B. Teams encountered a liquid hydrogen leak while loading propellant into the core stage of the Space Launch System rocket. The first in a series of increasingly complex missions, Artemis I will provide a foundation for human deep space exploration and demonstrate our commitment and capability to extend human presence to the Moon and beyond. The primary goal of Artemis I is to thoroughly test the integrated systems before crewed missions by operating the spacecraft in a deep space environment, testing Orion’s heat shield, and recovering the crew module after reentry, descent, and splashdown.

NASA Press Secretary Jackie McGuinness moderates a prelaunch media briefing on the NASA’s Moon to Mars exploration plans on Aug. 27, 2022, at the agency’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, as the clock counts down to the launch of Artemis I scheduled for Aug. 29, at 8:33 a.m. EDT from Kennedy’s Launch Complex 39B. The first in a series of increasingly complex missions, Artemis I will provide a foundation for human deep space exploration and demonstrate our commitment and capability to extend human presence to the Moon and beyond. The primary goal of Artemis I is to thoroughly test the integrated systems before crewed missions by operating the spacecraft in a deep space environment, testing Orion’s heat shield, and recovering the crew module after reentry, descent, and splashdown.

A news conference is held Sept. 3, 2022, at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, after launch of Artemis I was waived off from Kennedy’s Launch Complex 39B. Teams encountered a liquid hydrogen leak while loading propellant into the core stage of the Space Launch System rocket. Participants are, from left, Jackie McGuinness, NASA press secretary; Bill Nelson, NASA administrator; Jim Free, associate administrator for NASA’s Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate; and Mike Sarafin, Artemis mission manager. The first in a series of increasingly complex missions, Artemis I will provide a foundation for human deep space exploration and demonstrate our commitment and capability to extend human presence to the Moon and beyond. The primary goal of Artemis I is to thoroughly test the integrated systems before crewed missions by operating the spacecraft in a deep space environment, testing Orion’s heat shield, and recovering the crew module after reentry, descent, and splashdown.

NASA senior leadership and the Artemis II crew participate in a news conference on Aug. 8, 2023, at the agency’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Participants, from left, are NASA Press Secretary Jackie McGuinness; Bill Nelson, NASA administrator; Pam Melroy, NASA deputy administrator; Bob Cabana, NASA associate administrator; Jim Free, associate administrator for Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters; NASA astronaut Reid Wiseman, Artemis II commander; NASA astronaut Victor Glover, Artemis II pilot; NASA astronaut Christina Hammock Koch, Artemis II mission specialist; and CSA (Canadian Space Agency) astronaut Jeremy Hansen, Artemis II mission specialist. Artemis II is the first crewed mission on NASA’s path to establishing a long-term lunar presence for science and exploration under Artemis and is the first mission with astronauts to the Moon.

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson (center) speaks to the media ahead of Boeing’s Orbital Flight Test-2 (OFT-2) at the agency’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, July 29, 2021. NASA officials participating from left to right are Jackie McGuinness, NASA Press Secretary; Janet Petro, director, NASA’s Kennedy Space Center; Nelson; NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy; NASA Associate Administrator Bob Cabana. Boeing’s CST-100 Starliner spacecraft will launch atop a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket from Space Launch Complex-41 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station. The uncrewed OFT-2 will be the Starliner’s second flight for NASA’s Commercial Crew Program.

A news conference is held Sept. 3, 2022, at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, after launch of Artemis I was waived off from Kennedy’s Launch Complex 39B. Teams encountered a liquid hydrogen leak while loading propellant into the core stage of the Space Launch System rocket. Participants are, from left, Jackie McGuinness, NASA press secretary; Bill Nelson, NASA administrator; Jim Free, associate administrator for NASA’s Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate; and Mike Sarafin, Artemis mission manager. The first in a series of increasingly complex missions, Artemis I will provide a foundation for human deep space exploration and demonstrate our commitment and capability to extend human presence to the Moon and beyond. The primary goal of Artemis I is to thoroughly test the integrated systems before crewed missions by operating the spacecraft in a deep space environment, testing Orion’s heat shield, and recovering the crew module after reentry, descent, and splashdown.

Jackie McGuinness, NASA press secretary, moderates a postlaunch news conference for NASA’s SpaceX Crew-2 mission on April 23, 2021, at Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Liftoff time on a Falcon 9 rocket was at 5:49 p.m. EDT. Crew Dragon Endeavour is carrying NASA astronaut Shane Kimbrough, spacecraft commander; NASA astronaut Megan McArthur, pilot; ESA astronaut Thomas Pesquet, mission specialist; and JAXA astronaut Akihiko Hoshide, mission specialist, to the International Space Station. Crew-2 is the second regular crew mission of a U.S. commercial spacecraft with astronauts to the space station as part of NASA’s Commercial Crew Program. Endeavour will dock with the station and the crew will remain on the orbiting laboratory for a six-month science mission.

NASA holds a prelaunch media briefing on the agency’s Moon to Mars exploration plans on Aug. 27, 2022, at the agency’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, as the clock counts down to the launch of Artemis I scheduled for Aug. 29, at 8:33 a.m. EDT from Kennedy’s Launch Complex 39B. From left, are Jackie McGuinness, NASA press secretary; Bill Nelson, NASA administrator; Bhavya Lal, NASA associate administrator for technology, policy and strategy; Jim Free, NASA associate administrator, Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate; Kathy Lueders, NASA associate administrator, Space Operations Mission Directorate; Thomas Zurbuchen, NASA associate administrator, Science Mission Directorate; Prasun Desai, NASA deputy associate administrator, Space Technology Mission Directorate; and Randy Bresnik, NASA astronaut. The first in a series of increasingly complex missions, Artemis I will provide a foundation for human deep space exploration and demonstrate our commitment and capability to extend human presence to the Moon and beyond. The primary goal of Artemis I is to thoroughly test the integrated systems before crewed missions by operating the spacecraft in a deep space environment, testing Orion’s heat shield, and recovering the crew module after reentry, descent, and splashdown.

A postlaunch news conference for NASA’s SpaceX Crew-2 mission is held at Kennedy Space Center in Florida on April 23, 2021. From left, participants are: moderator Jackie McGuinness, NASA press secretary; Steve Stich, manager, Commercial Crew Program, NASA’s Kennedy Space Center; Kathy Lueders, associate administrator, Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters; Joel Montalbano, manager, International Space Station Program; Steve Jurczyk, acting administrator, NASA; Elon Musk, CEO and lead designer, SpaceX; Hiroshi Sasaki, vice president and director general, JAXA’s Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate; and Frank de Winne, manager, International Space Station Program, ESA. Liftoff time on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket was at 5:49 a.m. EDT. Crew Dragon Endeavour is carrying NASA astronaut Shane Kimbrough, spacecraft commander; NASA astronaut Megan McArthur, pilot; ESA astronaut Thomas Pesquet, mission specialist; and JAXA astronaut Akihiko Hoshide, mission specialist, to the international Space Station.

Blue Origin Human Landing System Program Manager, John Couluris, gives remarks during an event announcing Blue Origin as the company selected to develop a sustainable human landing system for the Artemis V Moon mission, Friday, May 19, 2023 at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. The human landing system will take astronauts to and from Gateway in lunar orbit to the surface and back to the lunar space station as part of NASA’s return to the Moon for science, exploration, and inspiration. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

A view of the human landing system is seen on the monitor during an event announcing Blue Origin as the company selected to develop a sustainable human landing system for the Artemis V Moon mission, Friday, May 19, 2023 at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. The human landing system will take astronauts to and from Gateway in lunar orbit to the surface and back to the lunar space station as part of NASA’s return to the Moon for science, exploration, and inspiration. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)