S69-62241 (1969) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell.

S70-34268 (April 1970) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., commander of the Apollo 13 lunar landing mission, pauses for a quick photo while training for the Apollo 13 mission. Photo credit: NASA (Note, this is not the offical Apollo portrait for James Lovell)

S64-29922 (1964) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr. Photo credit: NASA

S65-61756 (4 Dec. 1965) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr. (left), Gemini-7 prime crew pilot, talks with NASA spacesuit technician Clyde Teague during suiting up procedures at Launch Complex 16, Kennedy Space Center. Lovell wears the new light-weight spacesuit planned for use during the Gemini-7 mission. Photo credit: NASA

DAVID MYERS, JAMES LYDON, AND DON LOVELL IN MSFC 3D PRINTING FACILITY

AS13-59-8484 (April 1970) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., commander, is pictured at his position in the Lunar Module (LM). The Apollo 13 crew of astronauts Lovell; John L. Swigert Jr., command module pilot; and Fred W. Haise Jr., lunar module pilot, relied on the LM as a "lifeboat". The dependence on the LM was caused by an apparent explosion of oxygen tank number two in the Service Module (SM). The LM was jettisoned just prior to Earth re-entry by the Command Module (CM).

S70-28229 (16 Jan. 1970) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., commander of the Apollo 13 lunar landing mission, participates in lunar surface simulation training at the Manned Spacecraft Center. Lovell is attached to a Six Degrees of Freedom Simulator. He is carrying an Apollo Lunar Hand Tools carrier in his right hand.

S66-45580 (6 Sept. 1966) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., prime crew command pilot of the Gemini-12 spaceflight, prepares to enter the Gemini Mission Simulator in Building 5 for flight training. Photo credit: NASA

S70-20272 (December 1969) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., commander of the upcoming Apollo 13 lunar landing mission, uses a scoop from the Apollo Lunar Hand Tools (ALHT) during a simulated lunar surface traverse at the Kapoho, Hawaii training site. While at the Hawaii training sites, Lovell and Haise are participating in thorough rehearsals of their extravehicular activity (EVA). Photo credit: NASA

S65-60981 (4 Dec. 1965) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., pilot of the Gemini-7 spacecraft, walks up the ramp at Pad 19 during the Gemini-7 prelaunch countdown. Lovell and fellow astronaut Frank Borman, command pilot, entered the elevator which took them up to the White Room and their waiting spacecraft. Gemini-7 was successfully launched at 2:30 p.m. (EST), Dec. 4, 1965. Photo credit: NASA

S69-35099 (21-27 Dec. 1968) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., Apollo 8 command module pilot, is seen at the Apollo 8 Spacecraft Command Module's Guidance and Navigation station during the Apollo 8 lunar orbit mission. This picture was taken from 16mm motion picture film.

S69-35097 (21-27 Dec. 1968) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., Apollo 8 command module pilot, is seen at the Apollo 8 Spacecraft Command Module's Guidance and Navigation station during the Apollo 8 lunar orbit mission. This picture was taken from 16mm motion picture film.

S66-59988 (16 Nov. 1966) --- Gemini-12 astronauts James A. Lovell Jr. (left), command pilot, and Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., pilot, shake hands in front of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Gemini progress report sign at the Cape Kennedy skid strip. Photo credit: NASA

S65-61828 (18 Dec. 1965) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., pilot of the Gemini-7 spaceflight, is hoisted from the water by a recovery helicopter from the Aircraft Carrier USS Wasp. Astronaut Frank Borman, command pilot, waits in the raft to be hoisted aboard the helicopter. Photo credit: NASA

S69-35098 (21-27 Dec. 1968) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., Apollo 8 command module pilot, is seen at the Apollo 8 Spacecraft Command Module's Guidance and Navigation station during the Apollo 8 lunar orbit mission. This picture was taken from 16mm motion picture film.

The Gemini 12 astronauts James Lovell and Edwin Aldrin lifted off aboard a Titan launch vehicle from the Kennedy Space Center on November 11, 1966, an hour and a half after their Agena target vehicle was orbited by an Atlas rocket. Launched atop an Atlas booster, the Agena target vehicle (ATV) was a spacecraft used by NASA to develop and practice orbital space rendezvous and docking techniques in preparation for the Apollo program lunar missions. The objective was for Agena and Gemini to rendezvous in space and practice docking procedures. An intermediate step between Project Mercury and the Apollo Program, the Gemini Program's major objectives were to subject two men and supporting equipment to long duration flights, to perfect rendezvous and docking with other orbiting vehicles, methods of reentry, and landing of the spacecraft.

S70-15501 (17 April 1970) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., Apollo 13 mission commander, reads a newspaper account of the safe recovery of the problem plagued mission. Lovell is on board the USS Iwo Jima, prime recovery ship for Apollo 13, which was on a course headed for Pago Pago. From Pago Pago the astronauts flew to Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii, where they were presented the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Richard M. Nixon. Other Apollo 13 crew members were astronauts John L. Swigert Jr., command module pilot, and Fred W. Haise Jr., lunar module pilot.

S70-15506 (18 April 1970) --- President Richard M. Nixon and astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., Apollo 13 commander, shake hands at special ceremonies at Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii. President Nixon was in Hawaii to present the Apollo 13 crew with the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor. The wives of astronauts Lovell and Fred W. Haise Jr., lunar module pilot; and the parents of astronaut John L. Swigert Jr., command module pilot, flew with the Chief Executive to Hickam Air Force Base. The Apollo 13 splashdown occurred at 12:07:44 p.m. (CST), April 17, 1970, a day and a half prior to the awards ceremony.

Astronaut James Lovell (Apollo 8 Apollo 13) gestures during the 40th anniversary of the Apollo 11 mission and the walk on the moon press conference, Monday, July 20, 2009, at NASA Headquarters in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

Former Apollo astronaut James Lovell holds his Ambassador of Exploration Award, Friday, April 3, 2009, at the Patuxent River Naval Air Museum in Lexington Park, Md. Photo Credit: NASA/Paul E. Alers

S66-63540 (12 Nov. 1966) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell is photographed inside his Gemini spacecraft during the Gemini-12 mission. Astronaut Edwin Aldrin is seen in the background and to the left. Photo credit: NASA

S70-30534 (9 March 1970) --- A Lunar Landing Training Vehicle (LLTV), piloted by astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., sets down on the runway at the conclusion of a test flight at Ellington Air Force Base. Lovell is the commander of the Apollo 13 lunar landing mission. Lovell used the LLTV to practice lunar landing techniques in preparation for his scheduled mission. Lovell will be at the controls of the Apollo 13 Lunar Module (LM) when it lands on the moon in the highlands just north of Fra Mauro. Astronaut Thomas K. Mattingly II, command module pilot, will remain with the Apollo 13 Command and Service Modules (CSM) in lunar orbit while astronauts Lovell and Fred W. Haise Jr., lunar module pilot, descend in the LM to explore the moon. A hovering helicopter watches the LLTV landing.

S66-59971 (11 Nov. 1966) --- Technicians prepare to close the hatches of the Gemini-12 spacecraft in the white room atop Pad 19 after insertion of astronaut James A. Lovell Jr. (left), command pilot, and Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., pilot. Liftoff was at 3:46 p.m. (EST), Nov. 11, 1966. Photo credit: NASA

S66-59974 (11 Nov. 1966) --- Prime crew for the Gemini-12 spaceflight, astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., (leading), command pilot, and Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., pilot, leave the suiting trailer at Launch Complex 16 during prelaunch countdown. Moments later they entered a transport van which carried them to Pad 19 and their waiting spacecraft. The liftoff was at 3:46 p.m. (EST), Nov. 11, 1966. Photo credit: NASA

S65-61848 (4 Dec. 1965) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., pilot for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Gemini-7 spaceflight, walks to the elevator at Pad 19 one hour and 40 minutes before launch of the spacecraft. Moments later astronauts Lovell and Frank Borman, command pilot, rode the elevator to the White Room where they were inserted into the spacecraft to await the final moments of the countdown. Photo credit: NASA

S65-57481 (25 Oct. 1965) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., pilot of the Gemini-7 spaceflight, undergoes weight and balance tests in the Pyrotechnic Installation Building, Merritt Island, Kennedy Space Center. Talking with Lovell are (left to right) Charlie Beaty, McDonnell Aircraft Corporation; Karl Stoien, MAC; NASA suit technician Al Rochferd; and Norm Batterson, Weber Aircraft Corporation. Photo credit: NASA

Former Apollo astronaut James Lovell speaks after being presented the Ambassador of Exploration Award, Friday, April 3, 2009, at the Patuxent River Naval Air Museum in Lexington Park, Md. Photo Credit: NASA/Paul E. Alers

S66-59997 (15 Nov. 1966) --- A happy Gemini-12 prime crew arrives aboard the aircraft carrier, USS Wasp. Astronauts James A. Lovell Jr. (left), command pilot, and Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., pilot, had just been picked up from the splashdown area by helicopter. Photo credit: NASA

S66-15447 (18 Dec. 1965) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., pilot of the National Aeronautics Space Administration's 14-day Gemini-7 spaceflight, is hoisted from the water by a recovery helicopter from the aircraft carrier USS Wasp. Gemini-7 splashed down in the western Atlantic recovery area at 9:05 a.m. (EST), Dec. 18, 1965, to conclude the record-breaking mission in space. Astronaut Frank Borman, command pilot and three Navy frogmen sit in a life raft beside the spacecraft. Photo credit: NASA

S65-61849 (4 Dec. 1965) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., pilot of the Gemini-7 spaceflight, relaxes in the suiting up trailer at Launch Complex 16, during the Gemini-7 prelaunch countdown at Cape Kennedy, Florida. Lovell wears the new lightweight spacesuit specially designed for long-duration flights. Photo credit: NASA

Bryan O'Connor, NASA Associate Administrator, Office of Mission Assurance and Safety, left, presents the Ambassador of Exploration Award to former Apollo astronaut James Lovell, Friday, April 3, 2009, at the Patuxent River Naval Air Museum in Lexington Park, Md. Photo Credit: NASA/Paul E. Alers

S65-59934 (4 Dec. 1965) --- Gemini-7 pilot James A. Lovell Jr. has a temperature check with an oral temperature probe attached to his spacesuit during a final preflight preparations for the Gemini-7 space mission. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration has planned a 14-day mission for the Gemini-7. The temperature probe allows doctors to monitor astronauts' body temperature at any time during the mission. Photo credit: NASA

S65-66703 (18 Dec. 1965) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., pilot of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Gemini-7 spaceflight, undergoes an eye examination during a postflight medical checkup aboard the aircraft carrier USS Wasp. Gemini-7 splashed down in the western Atlantic recovery area at 9:05 a.m. (EST) Dec. 16, 1965, after a 14-day mission in space. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut James Lovell (Apollo 8 Apollo 13), center, flanked by Walt Cunningham (Apollo 7), left, and David Scott (Apollo 9 Apollo 15) responds during the 40th anniversary of the Apollo 11 mission and the walk on the moon press conference, Monday, July 20, 2009, at NASA Headquarters in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

Capt. James A Lovell Jr., command module pilot; and family are photographed during parade in Houston after Apollo VIII flight.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Former astronaut James Lovell, who was commander of the Apollo 13 mission, addresses the audience at KSC's Apollo/Saturn V Center during the dinner celebration of the 40th anniversary of American spaceflight. Lovell served as host of the celebration

S66-46952 (September 1966) --- Astronauts James A. Lovell Jr. (right), command pilot, and Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., pilot. Photo credit: NASA

Apollo astronauts from left, Walt Cunningham (Apollo 17), James Lovell (Apollo 8 Apollo 13), David Scott (Apollo 9 Apollo 15), Buzz Aldrin (Apollo 11), Charles Duke (Apollo 16), Thomas Stafford (Apollo 10) and Eugene Cernan (Apollo 17) are seen during the 40th anniversary of the Apollo 11 mission and the walk on the moon press conference, Monday, July 20, 2009, at NASA Headquarters in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

Apollo astronauts from left, Walt Cunningham (Apollo 17), James Lovell (Apollo 8 Apollo 13), David Scott (Apollo 9 Apollo 15), Buzz Aldrin (Apollo 11), Charles Duke (Apollo 16), Thomas Stafford (Apollo 10) and Eugene Cernan (Apollo 17) are seen during the 40th anniversary of the Apollo 11 mission and the walk on the moon press conference, Monday, July 20, 2009, at NASA Headquarters in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

Apollo astronauts from left, Walt Cunningham (Apollo 17), James Lovell (Apollo 8 Apollo 13), David Scott (Apollo 9 Apollo 15), Buzz Aldrin (Apollo 11), Charles Duke (Apollo 16), Thomas Stafford (Apollo 10) and Eugene Cernan (Apollo 17) are seen during the 40th anniversary of the Apollo 11 mission and the walk on the moon press conference, Monday, July 20, 2009, at NASA Headquarters in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

S64-20199 (10 Sept. 1964) --- View of the Gemini-4 prime crew and backup crew in pressure suits. They are standing around a model of the Gemini spacecraft. From left to right are astronauts Edward H. White II, pilot; James A. McDivitt, command pilot; Frank Borman and James A. Lovell Jr., backup crew.

S66-15044 (3 Jan. 1966) --- View of the Gemini 6 and 7 press conference. From right to left are NASA Administrator James E. Webb; MSC Deputy Director George M. Low; and astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., Frank Borman, Thomas B. Stafford and Walter M. Schirra. Photo credit: NASA

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – Apollo 13 astronauts James A. Lovell, Jr., commander, and Fred W. Haise, Jr., lunar module pilot, practice their EVA training in preparation for their mission. Photo credit: NASA

S65-41825 (1 July 1965) --- Astronauts Frank Borman (right), command pilot, and James A. Lovell Jr., pilot, are the prime crew members for NASA's Gemini-Titan 7 (GT-7) mission. Photo credit: NASA

CAPE KENNEDY, Fla. -- At Cape Kennedy Air Force Station in Florida, Gemini 12 pilot Edwin E. Buzz Aldrin Jr., seated in the spacecraft, practice stowing cameras and other equipment he and command pilot James A. Lovell will take along on their upcoming four-day Earth orbital mission. Lovell and Aldrin examined the equipment in the "White Room" atop Launch Complex 19. During Gemini 12, Lovell and Aldrin plan to rendezvous and dock with an Agena target satellite and Aldrin will perform two spacewalks. Photo Credit: NASA

S70-20253 (December 1969) --- Astronauts James A. Lovell Jr. (left) commander, and Fred W. Haise Jr., lunar module pilot, carry out a simulation of a lunar traverse at Kilauea, Hawaii, site. Both crew members of NASA's third team of moon explorers were carrying cameras and communications equipment during the simulated traverse. They maintained contact with men in the roles of spacecraft throughout the traverse. Lovell holds a scoop for the Apollo Lunar Hand Tools (ALHT) and a gnomon, also for the ALHT is deployed in front of Haise. The ALHT carrier is at left background, (almost obscured by Lovell).

Astronaut James Lovell at the controls of the Visual Docking Simulator. From A.W. Vogeley, "Piloted Space-Flight Simulation at Langley Research Center," Paper presented at the American Society of Mechanical Engineers 1966 Winter Meeting, New York, NY, November 27-December 1, 1966. "This facility was [later known as the Visual-Optical Simulator.] It presents to the pilot an out-the-window view of his target in correct 6 degrees of freedom motion. The scene is obtained by a television camera pick-up viewing a small-scale gimbaled model of the target." "For docking studies, the docking target picture was projected onto the surface of a 20-foot-diameter sphere and the pilot could, effectively, maneuver into contract. this facility was used in a comparison study with the Rendezvous Docking Simulator - one of the few comparison experiments in which conditions were carefully controlled and a reasonable sample of pilots used. All pilots preferred the more realistic RDS visual scene. The pilots generally liked the RDS angular motion cues although some objected to the false gravity cues that these motions introduced. Training time was shorter on the RDS, but final performance on both simulators was essentially equal. " "For station-keeping studies, since close approach is not required, the target was presented to the pilot through a virtual-image system which projects his view to infinity, providing a more realistic effect. In addition to the target, the system also projects a star and horizon background. "

Astronaut James Lovell at the controls of the Visual Docking Simulator. From A.W. Vogeley, "Piloted Space-Flight Simulation at Langley Research Center," Paper presented at the American Society of Mechanical Engineers 1966 Winter Meeting, New York, NY, November 27-December 1, 1966. "This facility was [later known as the Visual-Optical Simulator.] It presents to the pilot an out-the-window view of his target in correct 6 degrees of freedom motion. The scene is obtained by a television camera pick-up viewing a small-scale gimbaled model of the target." "For docking studies, the docking target picture was projected onto the surface of a 20-foot-diameter sphere and the pilot could, effectively, maneuver into contract. this facility was used in a comparison study with the Rendezvous Docking Simulator - one of the few comparison experiments in which conditions were carefully controlled and a reasonable sample of pilots used. All pilots preferred the more realistic RDS visual scene. The pilots generally liked the RDS angular motion cues although some objected to the false gravity cues that these motions introduced. Training time was shorter on the RDS, but final performance on both simulators was essentially equal. " "For station-keeping studies, since close approach is not required, the target was presented to the pilot through a virtual-image system which projects his view to infinity, providing a more realistic effect. In addition to the target, the system also projects a star and horizon background. "

S70-34901 (14 April 1970) --- Mrs. Marilyn Lovell, wife of astronaut James A. Lovell, Apollo 13 mission commander, discusses the flight with Dr. Charles A. Berry, flight surgeon. The two are in a special viewing area overlooking the Flight Control Room (FCR), staffed with flight controllers who were supporting the planned lunar landing mission. EDITOR?S NOTE: After this picture was taken, an explosion occurred aboard the Service Module (SM), causing cancellation of the lunar landing phase of the mission.

S70-27037 (4 Feb. 1970) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., commander of the Apollo 13 lunar landing mission, simulates lunar surface extravehicular activity during training exercises in the Kennedy Space Center’s Flight Crew Training Building. Lovell, wearing an Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU), is holding an Apollo Lunar Hand Tool (a set of tongs) in his left hand. A gnomon is in front of his right foot. A tool carrier is in the right background.

S65-60602 (2 Dec. 1965) --- Dr. Charles A. Berry checks astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., Gemini-7 prime crew pilot, following a workout on an exercise machine. Results will be compared with those obtained during spaceflight for evaluation. Lovell and astronaut Frank Borman (not pictured), command pilot, will pilot the Gemini-7 spacecraft on a planned 14-day mission. Dr. Berry is chief, MSC Center Medical Programs. Photo credit: NASA

S68-53015 (25 Oct. 1968) --- Astronauts William A. Anders, James A. Lovell Jr., and Frank Borman, (left to right) are seen inside Apollo Boilerplate 1102A during water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. Borman is Apollo 8 commander; with Lovell serving as command module pilot; and Anders as lunar module pilot. Photo credit: NASA

S70-29672 (28 Jan. 1970) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., commander of the Apollo 13 lunar landing mission, participates in a walk-through of the extravehicular activity timeline at the Kennedy Space Center. Here, Lovell, using mock-ups, traverses with the two subpackages of the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package (ALSEP). Astronaut Fred W. Haise Jr., lunar module pilot, is standing in the left background.

S68-55997 (21 Dec. 1968) --- Apollo 8 Command Module Pilot James Lovell waves to well-wishers during the pre-dawn departure to Launch Pad 39 for the six-day lunar orbital Apollo/Saturn V mission. Astronaut Lovell is accompanied by Commander Frank Borman, right, and Lunar Module Pilot William Anders, left.

S70-34901 (14 April 1970) --- Mrs. Marilyn Lovell, wife of astronaut James A. Lovell, Apollo 13 mission commander, discusses the flight with Dr. Charles A. Berry, flight surgeon. The two are in a special viewing area overlooking the Flight Control Room (FCR), staffed with flight controllers who were supporting the planned lunar landing mission. EDITOR?S NOTE: After this picture was taken, an explosion occurred aboard the Service Module (SM), causing cancellation of the lunar landing phase of the mission.

S66-45579 (6 Sept. 1966) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr. (right), prime crew command pilot of the Gemini-12 spaceflight, talks with Burton M. Gifford (left) and Duane K. Mosel (center), both with the Simulation Branch, Flight Crew Support Division. Lovell was preparing to undergo flight training in the Gemini Mission Simulator in Building 5, Mission Simulation and Training Facility. Photo credit: NASA

S69-25199 (25 Feb. 1969) --- Two Apollo 11 astronauts study a rock specimen during a geological field trip to the Quitman Mountains area near the Fort Quitman ruins in far west Texas. On the left is James A. Lovell Jr., Apollo 11 backup crew commander; and on the right is Fred W. Haise Jr., backup crew lunar module pilot. Lovell holds a camera which was used in simulating taking pictures of actual lunar samples on the surface of the Moon.

CAPE KENNEDY, Fla. -- At the Cape Kennedy Air Force Station skid strip, Dr. Kurt H. Debus, director of the Kennedy Space Center, greets returning Gemini 12 astronauts James A. Lovell and Edwin E. Buzz Aldrin Jr. following their four-day Earth orbital mission. Photo Credit: NASA

CAPE KENNEDY, Fla. -- At Cape Kennedy Air Force Station in Florida, the crew for Gemini 12 arrives at Launch Complex 19. Command pilot James A. Lovell is followed by pilot Edwin E. Buzz Aldrin Jr. The signs on their backs note that this mission is the final flight of the Gemini Program. Photo Credit: NASA

S68-52941 (25 Oct. 1968) --- The Apollo 8 prime crew is seen inside Apollo Boilerplate 1102A during water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. From the foreground are astronauts Frank Borman, commander; James A. Lovell Jr., command module pilot; and William A. Anders, lunar module pilot. Photo credit: NASA

S65-65257 (4-18 Dec. 1965) --- Sunrise and Earth's limb, as photographed by astronauts Frank Borman and James A. Lovell Jr. during their Earth-orbital 14-day mission in the Gemini-7 (GT-7) spacecraft. Photo credit: NASA

S68-56530 (30 Dec. 1968) --- The crew of the historic Apollo 8 lunar orbit mission participates in a technical de-briefing session in Building 4. Left to right, are astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., command module pilot; Frank Borman, commander; and William A. Anders, lunar module pilot.

S66-51054 (15 Aug. 1966) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., prime crew command pilot of the Gemini-12 space mission, simulates using space food packet while seated in the Gemini-12 spacecraft in the 30-feet Altitude Chamber at McDonnell Aircraft Corporation, St. Louis, Missouri. Photo credit: NASA

S68-56533 (21-27 Dec. 1968) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., command module pilot, is shown during intravehicular activity (IVA) on the Apollo 8 lunar orbit mission. This still print was made from movie film taken by an onboard 16mm motion picture camera.

S65-61628 (4 Dec. 1965) --- Gemini-7, carrying astronauts Frank Borman, command pilot, and James A. Lovell Jr., pilot, was successfully launched from Pad 19 at 2:30 p.m., (EST) Dec. 4, 1965. Photo credit: NASA

S65-59932 (4 Dec. 1965) --- Prime crew for the Gemini-7 spaceflight astronauts James A. Lovell Jr. (front), pilot, and Frank Borman, command pilot, leave the suiting trailer at Launch Complex 16 during prelaunch countdown at Cape Kennedy, Florida. Photo credit: NASA

S66-63414 (12 Nov. 1966) --- Partial solar eclipse as seen from the Gemini-12 spacecraft during it 12th revolution of Earth. Crew members for the flight were astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., command pilot, and Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., pilot. Photo credit: NASA

S66-62939 (12 Nov. 1966) --- Astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., pilot of the Gemini-12 spaceflight, performs extravehicular activity (EVA) during the second day of the four-day mission in space. Aldrin is at the Agena work station. Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr. was the command pilot. Photo credit: NASA

S65-61777 (8 Dec. 1965) --- Close-up view of a laser transmitter unit which is being used for the Gemini-7 Optical Communication (MSC-4) experiment. Astronauts Frank Borman, command pilot; and James A. Lovell Jr., pilot, are now orbiting Earth in NASA's Gemini-7 spacecraft. Photo credit: NASA

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Five of the Mercury astronauts gathered on the stage of KSC's Apollo/Saturn V Center during the celebration of the 40th anniversary of American spaceflight. From left are former astronauts Gordon Cooper, Wally Schirra, Scott Carpenter, John Glenn and James Lovell, who served as host of the celebration.

Apollo 13 astronauts Fred Haise, John Swigert, and James Lovell are pictured during the press conference after their ill-fated mission. The Apollo 13 mission (the third lunar landing mission) was aborted after 56 hours of flight, 205,000 miles from Earth, when an oxygen tank in the service module exploded.

This photograph shows a group of officials standing before a Mercury-Redstone booster at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). Among those in the photograph are astronauts James Lovell, Walter Schirra, and Gus Grissom. Also pictured is Joachim Kuettner who managed responsibilities of MSFC's Mercury-Redstone program.

S68-50646 (18 Oct. 1968) --- The prime crew of the Apollo 8 mission is photographed in Building 4, at the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC), where they are participating in classroom work in burn test review and procedures review. Left to right, are astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., William A. Anders, and Frank Borman.

CAPE KENNEDY, Fla. -- At Cape Kennedy Air Force Station in Florida, Gemini 12 command pilot James A. Lovell, left, and Edwin E. Buzz Aldrin Jr. wait for launch as technicians complete preparations of the spacecraft. Photo Credit: NASA

S66-59975 (11 Nov. 1966) --- Gemini-12 spacecraft, carrying astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., command pilot, and Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., pilot, was launched from the Kennedy Space Center's Launch Complex 19 at 3:46 p.m. (EST), Nov. 11, 1966. Photo credit: NASA

S66-59987 (15 Nov. 1966) --- A Navy frogman leaps from a recovery helicopter into the water to assist in the Gemini-12 recovery operations. Astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., command pilot, and Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., pilot, had just completed their four-day space mission. Photo credit: NASA

S66-62937 (12 Nov. 1966) --- Astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., pilot of the Gemini-12 spaceflight, performs extravehicular activity (EVA) during the second day of the four-day mission in space. Aldrin is at the Agena work station. Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr. was the command pilot. Photo credit: NASA

S66-62926 (12 Nov. 1966) --- Astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., pilot of the Gemini-12 spaceflight, is photographed with pilot's hatch of the spacecraft open. Note: J.A. Maurer camera which was used to photograph some of his extravehicular activity (EVA). Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr. was the command pilot. Photo credit: NASA

S68-50265 (13 Nov. 1968) --- These three astronauts are the prime crew of the Apollo 8 lunar orbit mission. Left to right, are James A. Lovell Jr., command module pilot; William A. Anders, lunar module pilot; and Frank Borman, commander. They are standing beside the Apollo Mission Simulator at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC).

S66-45578 (6 Sept. 1966) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., prime crew command pilot for the Gemini-12 spaceflight, is pictured in Building 5, Mission Simulation and Training Facility, prior to entering the Gemini Mission Simulator for flight training. Photo credit: NASA

S68-54520 (13 Nov. 1968) --- The Apollo 8 prime crew is seen inside a simulator at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) during training preparations for their forthcoming lunar orbit mission. Left to right, are astronauts William A. Anders, lunar module pilot; James A. Lovell Jr., command module pilot; and Frank Borman, commander.

S66-59970 (11 Nov. 1966) --- Gemini-12 spacecraft, carrying astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., command pilot, and Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., pilot, was launched from the Kennedy Space Center's Launch Complex 19 at 3:46 p.m. (EST), Nov. 11, 1966. Photo credit: NASA

S69-39601 (20 July 1969) --- Spacecraft communicators are pictured as they keep in contact with the Apollo 11 astronauts during their lunar landing mission on July 20, 1969. From left to right are astronauts Charles M. Duke Jr., James A. Lovell Jr. and Fred W. Haise Jr.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - The 363-foot-high Apollo Saturn V space vehicle dwarfs the Apollo 8 Astronauts Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders, during the roll out today of the space vehicle from the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) to Launch Pad 39A. .

S62-06759 (1962) --- This is the second group of pilot astronauts chosen by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). These astronaut pilots are (kneeling left to right) Charles Conrad, Jr., Frank Borman, Neil A. Armstrong, and John W. Young; (standing in the back row - left to right) Elliot M. See, Jr., James A. McDivitt, James A. Lovell, Jr., Edward H. White II, and Thomas P. Stafford.

S62-03982 (September 1962) --- New National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) flight crew personnel. Kneeling (left to right) are astronauts Charles Conrad Jr., Frank Borman, Neil A. Armstrong and John W. Young. Standing (left to right) are astronauts Elliot M. See Jr., James A. McDivitt, James A. Lovell Jr., Edward H. White II, and Thomas P. Stafford. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

S65-61830 (18 Dec. 1965) --- Astronauts James A. Lovell Jr. (left), Gemini-7 pilot, and Frank Borman, command pilot, are shown just after they arrived aboard the aircraft carrier USS Wasp. Greeting the astronauts are Donald Stullken (at Lovell's right), Recovery Operations Branch, Landing and Recovery Division, Dr. Howard Minners (standing beside Borman), Flight Medicine Branch, Center Medical Office, Manned Spacecraft Center, and Bennett James (standing behind Borman), a NASA Public Affairs Officer. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Gemini-7 spacecraft splashed down in the western Atlantic recovery area at 9:05 a.m. (EST), Dec. 18, 1965, to conclude a record-breaking 14-day mission in space. Photo credit: NASA

S70-35595 (18 April 1970) --- President Richard M. Nixon is welcomed to Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) and introduced by Dr. Thomas O. Paine, Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The First Lady is at extreme left. Others on the speakers platform in this view are Barbara and Jeffrey C. Lovell, children of astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., commander; and Eugene F. Kranz (extreme right), one of four flight directors on duty around the clock during the mission. President Nixon was on the site to present the Presidential Medal of Freedom to the Apollo 13 Mission Operations Team.

S70-35594 (18 April 1970) --- President Richard M. Nixon presents the Presidential Medal of Freedom to the Apollo 13 Mission Operations Team at Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC). Accepting for the team is Sigurd A. Sjoberg, director of Flight Operations at MSC. Dr. Thomas O. Paine, Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), is at left. Also seen here on the speaker's platform are Jeffrey C. Lovell, son of astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., commander of the Apollo 13 mission; Gerald D. Griffin (second from right) and Milton L. Windler, two of four flight directors who worked around the clock during the mission.

S70-35645 (17 April 1970) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., commander, is hoisted aboard a helicopter from the USS Iwo Jima, prime recovery vessel for the mission. Lovell was the last of the three Apollo 13 crewmembers to egress the Command Module (CM) and the last to be lifted aboard the helicopter. He was preceded by astronauts John L. Swigert Jr., command module pilot; and Fred W. Haise Jr., lunar module pilot. The CM and a U.S. Navy underwater demolition team swimmer can be seen in the ocean background. Apollo 13 splashed down at 12:07:44 p.m. (CST), April 17, 1970.

S65-66728 (19 Dec. 1965) --- This happy round of handshakes took place in the Manned Spacecraft Operations Building crew quarters, Merritt Island, as the Gemini-6 crew (left) welcomed the Gemini-7 crew back to the Kennedy Space Center. Left to right, are astronauts Walter M. Schirra Jr., Gemini-6 command pilot; Thomas P. Stafford, Gemini-6 pilot; Frank Borman, Gemini-7 command pilot; James A. Lovell Jr., Gemini-7 pilot; and Donald K. Slayton (partially hidden behind Lovell), assistant director for Flight Crew Operations, Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston. Photo credit: NASA

S70-15511 (19 April 1970) --- President Richard M. Nixon speaks at Hickham Air Force Base prior to presenting the nation's highest civilian award to the Apollo 13 crew. Receiving the Presidential Medal of Freedom were astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., (next to the Chief Executive), commander; John L. Swigert Jr. (left), command module pilot; and Fred W. Haise Jr., lunar module pilot. Wives of Lovell and Haise and the parents of Swigert accompanied the President to Hawaii. The Apollo 13 splashdown occurred at 12:07:44 p.m. (CST), April 17, 1970, about a day and a half prior to the Hickam Air Force Base ceremonies.

S70-31774 (March 1970) --- An artist's concept by Teledyne Ryan Aeronautical, San Diego, California, showing two Apollo 13 astronauts exploring the surface of the moon. In the center background is the Lunar Module (LM). Apollo 13 will land in the rugged highlands just north of Fra Mauro. The crew of the Apollo 13 lunar landing mission will be astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., commander; Thomas K. Mattingly II, command module pilot; and Fred W. Haise Jr., lunar module pilot. Lovell and Haise are represented by the two men in this picture.

S70-35651 (17 April 1970) --- Astronaut John L. Swigert Jr., command module pilot, is lifted aboard a helicopter in a "Billy Pugh" net while astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., commander, awaits his turn. Astronaut Fred W. Haise Jr., lunar module pilot, is already aboard the helicopter. In the life raft with Lovell, and in the water are several U.S. Navy underwater demolition team swimmers, who assisted in the recovery operations. The crew was taken to the USS Iwo Jima, prime recovery ship, several minutes after the Apollo 13 spacecraft splashed down at 12:07:44 p.m. (CST), April 17, 1970.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At the KSC Visitor Complex, former astronaut James Lovell makes the opening remarks at the induction ceremony of four Space Shuttle astronauts into the U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame. Being inducted are Daniel Brandenstein, Robert "Hoot" Gibson, Story Musgrave, and Sally Ride. Conceived by six of the Mercury Program astronauts, the U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame opened in 1990 to provide a place where space travelers could be remembered for their participation and accomplishments in the U.S. space program. The four new inductees join 48 previously honored astronauts from the ranks of the Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, Apollo-Soyuz, and Space Shuttle programs.

This is the official NASA portrait of astronaut James Lovell. Captain Lovell was selected as an Astronaut by NASA in September 1962. He has since served as backup pilot for the Gemini 4 flight and backup Commander for the Gemini 9 flight, as well as backup Commander to Neil Armstrong for the Apollo 11 lunar landing mission. On December 4, 1965, he and Frank Borman were launched into space on the history making Gemini 7 mission. The flight lasted 330 hours and 35 minutes and included the first rendezvous of two manned maneuverable spacecraft. The Gemini 12 mission, commanded by Lovell with Pilot Edwin Aldrin, began on November 11, 1966 for a 4-day, 59-revolution flight that brought the Gemini program to a successful close. Lovell served as Command Module Pilot and Navigator on the epic six-day journey of Apollo 8, the first manned Saturn V liftoff responsible for allowing the first humans to leave the gravitational influence of Earth. He completed his fourth mission as Spacecraft Commander of the Apollo 13 flight, April 11-17, 1970, and became the first man to journey twice to the moon. The Apollo 13 mission was cut short due to a failure of the Service Module cryogenic oxygen system. Aborting the lunar course, Lovell and fellow crewmen, John L. Swigert and Fred W. Haise, working closely with Houston ground controllers, converted their lunar module, Aquarius, into an effective lifeboat that got them safely back to Earth. Captain Lovell held the record for time in space with a total of 715 hours and 5 minutes until surpassed by the Skylab flights. On March 1, 1973, Captain Lovell retired from the Navy and the Space Program.

S63-01419A (1963) --- Portrait of the first two groups of astronauts. The seven original Mercury astronauts plus new members of the astronaut corps. Seated from left to right are: Gordon Cooper, Gus Grissom, Scott Carpenter, Wally Schirra, John Glenn, Alan Shepard and Deke Slayton. Standing from left to right are: Edward White, James McDivitt, John Young, Elliot See, Charles Conrad, Frank Borman, Neil Armstrong, Thomas Stafford, and James Lovell. Signatures are also visible at the bottom of the frame. Photo credit: NASA

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – Apollo 9 astronauts, left to right, James McDivitt, David Scott and Russell Schweickart pause in front of the Apollo/Saturn V space vehicle that will launch Apollo 8 space pilots Frank Borman, James Lovell and William Anders on a planned lunar orbital mission. The 363-foot-high space vehicle will lift off from the Kennedy Space Center's Launch Complex 39A. Gaseous liquid oxygen is venting from the vehicle's first stage during recent Countdown Demonstration Test. Photo credit: NASA

S65-30266 (29 May 1965) --- In the elevator on the way to the White Room at Pad 19 for simulations on May 29, 1965, astronauts James A. McDivitt (right), command pilot, and Edward H. White II, pilot, are shown with suit technicians Clyde Teague (right center) and Joe Schmitt. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's two-man Gemini-4 mission is scheduled for 62 revolutions in four days. The backup crew, astronauts Frank Borman and James A. Lovell Jr. (both out of frame), will replace the prime crew if either crewman should become ineligible for the flight.

S66-24805 (16 March 1966) --- Personnel in Mission Control watch Gemini-8 launch on their screens. Photo credit: NASA