NASA's 2017 astronaut candidates (L to R) Zena Cardman, Loral O'Hara, Frank Rubio, Jonny Kim, Raja Chari practice flying in an X-59 QueSST simulator at Armstrong Flight Research Center, in Southern California. The low boom flight demonstrator, X-59, being built at Lockheed Martin and was designed to fly at supersonic speeds over land without the loud noise of breaking the sound barrier and disturbing communities.

NASA's 2017 astronaut candidates toured aircraft hangar at Armstrong Flight Research Center, in Southern California (L to R) Raja Chari, Jenni Sidey-Gibbons, Loral O'Hara, Jasmin Moghbeli, Jonny Kim and Jessica Watkins look inside the engine nozzle of an F-15 jet. The F-15 will fly in tandem with the X-59 QueSST during early flight test stages for the X-59 development.

NASA’s 2017 astronaut candidates (L to R) Jonny Kim and Raja Chari practice flying in an X-59 QueSST simulator at Armstrong Flight Research Center, in Southern California. The low boom flight demonstrator, X-59, being built at Lockheed Martin and was designed to supersonically over land without the loud noise of breaking the sound barrier and disturbing communities.

NASA's 2017 astronaut candidates, (L to R) Jonny Kim, Frank Rubio, Jasmin Moghbeli, Raja Chari, Woody Hoburg, Jessica Watkins, Joshua Kutryk, Loral O'Hara, Bob Hines, Zena Cardman, Kayla Barron, Jenni Sidey-Gibbons, Matthew Dominick pose in front of X-1E at the end of their visit to Armstrong Flight Research Center, in Southern California.

jsc2025e089537 (Dec. 10, 2025) --- NASA astronaut Jonny Kim—shaking the hand of Canadian Space Agency astronaut and Artemis II crew member Jeremy Hansen—is pictured at Ellington Field in Houston, Texas. The day before, Kim had landed in Kazakhstan aboard the Soyuz MS-27 crew spacecraft with Roscosmos cosmonauts Sergey Ryzhikov and Alexey Zubritsky after completing a 245-day research mission aboard the International Space Station. Surrounding Kim (from left) are NASA astronauts Mark Vande Hei, Mark Rubio, Raja Chari, and Nicole Mann. Credit: NASA/Robert Markowitz

Astronaut candidates, back row from left, Jonny Kim, Joshua Kutryk of the Canadian Space Agency, Jasmin Moghbeli, Loral O’Hara, Frank Rubio, Jennifer Sidey-Gibbons of the Canadian Space Agency, Jessica Watkins, front row from left, Kayla Barron, Zena Cardman, Raja Chari, Matthew Dominick, Bob Hines, and Warren Hoburg are seen during a live episode of the Administrator's monthly chat show, Watch This Space, Thursday, Sept. 27, 2018 in the Webb Auditorium at NASA Headquarters in Washington. NASA's newest astronaut candidate class has started their two years of training, after which the new astronaut candidates could be assigned to missions performing research on the International Space Station, launching from American soil on spacecraft built by commercial companies, and launching on deep space missions on NASA’s new Orion spacecraft and Space Launch System rocket. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA’s 2017 astronaut candidates (L to R) Raja Chari, Bob Hines, Joshua Kutryk, Jasmin Moghbeli, Jonny Kim, and Jessica Watkins toured aircraft hangar at Armstrong Flight Research Center, in Southern California. On the left, NASA’s, X-59 pilot, briefs them on use of F-15 for studying sonic booms during the development of the low-boom X-59 aircraft that is planned to fly supersonically over land. Low-level supersonic flight is not allowed at this time because of the loud noise levels generated when flying beyond the speed of sound.

jsc2018e060223 (06/19/2018) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidates Raja Chari, Loral O’Hara, and Jonny Kim with their guide during earth and planetary science training in Rio Grande del Norte National Monument Upper Gorge Area near Questa, N.M. Photo Credit: (NASA/Norah Moran)

jsc2018e060219 (06/19/2018) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidates Raja Chari, Loral O’Hara, and Jonny Kim stop for guidance by their field guide during earth and planetary science training in Rio Grande del Norte National Monument Upper Gorge Area near Questa, N.M. Photo Credit: (NASA/Norah Moran)

jsc2018e060253 (06/19/2018) --- (From left) 2017 NASA astronaut candidates Jonny Kim, Loral O’Hara, and Raja Chari with their guides during earth and planetary science training in Rio Grande del Norte National Monument Upper Gorge Area near Questa, N.M. Photo Credit: (NASA/Norah Moran)

Astronaut candidates, back row from left, Jonny Kim, Joshua Kutryk of the Canadian Space Agency, Jasmin Moghbeli, Loral O’Hara, Frank Rubio, Jennifer Sidey-Gibbons of the Canadian Space Agency, Jessica Watkins, front row from left, Kayla Barron, Zena Cardman, Raja Chari, Matthew Dominick, Bob Hines, and Warren Hoburg listen to a question from NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine during a live episode of the Administrator's monthly chat show, Watch This Space, Thursday, Sept. 27, 2018 in the Webb Auditorium at NASA Headquarters in Washington. NASA's newest astronaut candidate class has started their two years of training, after which the new astronaut candidates could be assigned to missions performing research on the International Space Station, launching from American soil on spacecraft built by commercial companies, and launching on deep space missions on NASA’s new Orion spacecraft and Space Launch System rocket. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

jsc2017e067125 (June 6, 2017) --- The members of the 2017 NASA Astronaut Class are (from left) Zena Cardman, Jasmin Moghbeli, Jonny Kim, Frank Rubio, Matthew Dominick, Warren Hoburg, Robb Kulin, Kayla Barron, Bob Hines, Raja Chari, Loral O' Hara and Jessica Watkins. Photo Credit: NASA/Robert Markowitz

NASA's 2017 astronaut candidates toured aircraft hangar at Armstrong Flight Research Center, in Southern California (L to R) Jenni Sidey-Gibbons, Raja Chari, Loral O'Hara, Jasmin Moghbeli, Jonny Kim and Jessica Watkins look inside the engine nozzle of an F-15 jet. The F-15 will fly in tandem with the X-59 QueSST during early flight test stages for the X-59 development.

jsc2020e000649 (Jan. 10, 2020) --- The 2017 Class of Astronauts participate in graduation ceremonies at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. From left are, NASA astronaut Jonny Kim, Canadian Space Agency (CSA) astronaut Joshua Kutryk, NASA astronaut Jessica Watkins, CSA astronaut Jennifer Sidey-Gibbon, NASA astronauts Kayla Barron, Jasmin Moghbeli, Loral O'Hara, Zena Cardman, Raja Chari, Matthew Dominick, Bob Hines and Warren Hoburg. This is the first class of astronauts to graduate under the Artemis program and are now eligible for assignments to the International Space Station, Artemis missions to the Moon, and ultimately, missions to Mars.

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine poses for a picture with the 2017 astronaut candidate class after taping a live episode of the Administrator's monthly chat show, Watch This Space, Thursday, Sept. 27, 2018 in the Webb Auditorium at NASA Headquarters in Washington. NASA astronaut candidates, back row from left, Jonny Kim, Joshua Kutryk of the Canadian Space Agency, Jasmin Moghbeli, Loral O’Hara, Frank Rubio, Jennifer Sidey-Gibbons of the Canadian Space Agency, Jessica Watkins, front row from left, Kayla Barron, Zena Cardman, Raja Chari, Matthew Dominick, Bob Hines, and Warren Hoburg. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

jsc2020e000607 (Jan. 10, 2020) --- The 2017 Class of Astronauts participate in graduation ceremonies at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. From left are, NASA astronauts Kayla Barron, Zena Cardman, Raja Chari, Matthew Dominick, Bob Hines, Warren Hoburg, Jonny Kim, Canadian Space Agency (CSA) astronaut Joshua Kutryk, NASA astronauts Jasmin Moghbeli, Loral O'Hara and Jessica Watkins, CSA astronaut Jennifer Sidey-Gibbon and NASA astronaut Frank Rubio. This is the first class of astronauts to graduate under the Artemis program and are now eligible for assignments to the International Space Station, Artemis missions to the Moon, and ultimately, missions to Mars.

jsc2020e000650 (Jan. 10, 2020) --- The 2017 Class of Astronauts poses for a portrait with Texas Senators John Cornyn and Ted Cruz at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. In the front row (from left) are, NASA astronauts Jonny Kim, Jessica Watkins, Kayla Barron, Jasmin Moghbeli, Loral O'Hara, Zena Cardman and Raja Chari. In the back row (from left) are, Canadian Space Agency (CSA) astronauts Joshua Kutryk and Jennifer Sidey-Gibbon, NASA astronaut Frank Rubio, Senators John Cornyn and Ted Cruz and NASA astronauts Matthew Dominick, Bob Hines and Warren Hoburg. This is the first class of astronauts to graduate under the Artemis program and are now eligible for assignments to the International Space Station, Artemis missions to the Moon, and ultimately, missions to Mars.

jsc2020e000609 (Jan. 10, 2020) --- The 2017 Class of Astronauts participate in graduation ceremonies at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. In the front row (from left) are, NASA astronauts Kayla Barron, Zena Cardman, Raja Chari, Matthew Dominick, Bob Hines and Warren Hoburg. In the back row (from left) are, NASA astronaut Jonny Kim, Canadian Space Agency (CSA) astronaut Joshua Kutryk, NASA astronauts Jasmin Moghbeli, Loral O'Hara and Frank Rubio, CSA astronaut Jennifer Sidey-Gibbon and NASA astronaut Jessica Watkins. This is the first class of astronauts to graduate under the Artemis program and are now eligible for assignments to the International Space Station, Artemis missions to the Moon, and ultimately, missions to Mars.

jsc2020e000610 (Jan. 10, 2020) --- The 2017 Class of Astronauts participate in graduation ceremonies at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. In the front row (from left) are, NASA astronauts Kayla Barron, Zena Cardman, Raja Chari, Matthew Dominick, Bob Hines and Warren Hoburg. In the back row (from left) are, NASA astronaut Jonny Kim, Canadian Space Agency (CSA) astronaut Joshua Kutryk, NASA astronauts Jasmin Moghbeli, Loral O'Hara and Frank Rubio, CSA astronaut Jennifer Sidey-Gibbon and NASA astronaut Jessica Watkins. This is the first class of astronauts to graduate under the Artemis program and are now eligible for assignments to the International Space Station, Artemis missions to the Moon, and ultimately, missions to Mars.

jsc2020e000651 (Jan. 10, 2020) --- The 2017 Class of Astronauts poses for a portrait with NASA officals and Texas Senators at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. In the front row (from left) are, NASA astronauts Jonny Kim, Jessica Watkins, Kayla Barron, Jasmin Moghbeli, Loral O'Hara, Zena Cardman and Raja Chari and Canadian Space Agency (CSA) astronaut Jeremy Hansen. In the back row (from left) are, Chief of the Astronuat Office Patrick Forrester, Johnson Space Center Director Mark Geyer, NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine, Canadian Space Agency (CSA) astronauts Joshua Kutryk and Jennifer Sidey-Gibbon, NASA astronaut Frank Rubio, Senators John Cornyn and Ted Cruz, NASA astronauts Matthew Dominick, Bob Hines and Warren Hoburg, Johnson Space Center Deputy Director Vanessa Wyche and NASA astronaut Reid Wiseman. This is the first class of astronauts to graduate under the Artemis program and are now eligible for assignments to the International Space Station, Artemis missions to the Moon, and ultimately, missions to Mars.

jsc2020e000653 (Jan. 10, 2020) --- The 2017 Class of Astronauts poses for a portrait with NASA officals and Texas Senators at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. In the front row (from left) are, NASA astronauts Jonny Kim, Jessica Watkins, Kayla Barron, Jasmin Moghbeli, Loral O'Hara, Zena Cardman and Raja Chari and Canadian Space Agency (CSA) astronaut Jeremy Hansen. In the back row (from left) are, Chief of the Astronuat Office Patrick Forrester, Johnson Space Center Director Mark Geyer, NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine, Canadian Space Agency (CSA) astronauts Joshua Kutryk and Jennifer Sidey-Gibbon, NASA astronaut Frank Rubio, Senators John Cornyn and Ted Cruz, NASA astronauts Matthew Dominick, Bob Hines and Warren Hoburg, Johnson Space Center Deputy Director Vanessa Wyche and NASA astronaut Reid Wiseman. This is the first class of astronauts to graduate under the Artemis program and are now eligible for assignments to the International Space Station, Artemis missions to the Moon, and ultimately, missions to Mars.

NASA astronaut candidate Matthew Dominick, third from right in the front row, answers a question during a live episode of the Administrator's monthly chat show, Watch This Space, along with fellow members of the 2017 astronaut candidate class, Thursday, Sept. 27, 2018 in the Webb Auditorium at NASA Headquarters in Washington. NASA's newest astronaut candidate class has started their two years of training, after which the new astronaut candidates could be assigned to missions performing research on the International Space Station, launching from American soil on spacecraft built by commercial companies, and launching on deep space missions on NASA’s new Orion spacecraft and Space Launch System rocket. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA's 2017 astronaut candidates toured aircraft hangar at Armstrong Flight Research Center, in Southern California where (L to R) Loral O'Hara, Jenni Sidey-Gibbons and Raja Chari look inside the engine nozzle of an F-15 jet. The F-15 will fly in tandem with the X-59 QueSST during early flight test stages for the X-59 development.

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine speaks with NASA and Canadian Space Agency astronaut candidates following a live episode of the Administrator's monthly chat show, Watch This Space, Thursday, Sept. 27, 2018 in the Webb Auditorium at NASA Headquarters in Washington. NASA's newest astronaut candidate class has started their two years of training, after which the new astronaut candidates could be assigned to missions performing research on the International Space Station, launching from American soil on spacecraft built by commercial companies, and launching on deep space missions on NASA’s new Orion spacecraft and Space Launch System rocket. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine introduces the 2017 astronaut candidates during a live episode of the Administrator's monthly chat show, Watch This Space, Thursday, Sept. 27, 2018 in the Webb Auditorium at NASA Headquarters in Washington. NASA's newest astronaut candidate class has started their two years of training, after which the new astronaut candidates could be assigned to missions performing research on the International Space Station, launching from American soil on spacecraft built by commercial companies, and launching on deep space missions on NASA’s new Orion spacecraft and Space Launch System rocket. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)