Christopher Browne, acting director of the Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum delivers opening remarks at the presentation of the 2022 Michael Collins Trophy, Thursday, March 24, 2022, at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum’s Steven F. Udvar-Hazy center in Chantilly, Va. The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum’s Michael Collins Trophy recognizes extraordinary accomplishments in aeronautics and spaceflight. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Christopher Browne, acting director of the Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum delivers opening remarks at the presentation of the 2022 Michael Collins Trophy, Thursday, March 24, 2022, at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum’s Steven F. Udvar-Hazy center in Chantilly, Va. The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum’s Michael Collins Trophy recognizes extraordinary accomplishments in aeronautics and spaceflight. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Wally Funk, left, accepts the 2022 Michael Collins Trophy for Lifetime Achievement from Christopher Browne, acting director of the Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum, right, Thursday, March 24, 2022, at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum’s Steven F. Udvar-Hazy center in Chantilly, Va. The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum’s Michael Collins Trophy recognizes extraordinary accomplishments in aeronautics and spaceflight. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Michael Watkins (third from left), mission manager and project engineer, Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), Jet Propulsion Lab, Pasadena, Calif., speaks at a press conference at the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum on Friday, July 22, 2011 in Washington. From left to right, Watkins is joined by Dwayne Brown, NASA Headquarters public affairs officer; Michael Meyer, lead scientist Mars Exploration Program, NASA Headquarters; Watkins; John Grant, geologist, Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum in Washington; Dawn Sumner, geologist, University of California, Davis and John Grotzinger, MSL project scientist, JPL. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

20th Anniversary of the First Lunar Landing Colloquium held at Langley. William H. Michael Jr. (center) reviews the evolution of his parking orbit concept with Clinton E. Brown (right) head of the Lunar Exploration Working Group and Arthur Vogeley (left) mastermind of Langley's rendezvous and docking simulators of the 1960's.

Interim director of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory Lt. Gen. Larry James, USAF (Ret.), second from right, accepts the 2022 Michael Collins Trophy for Current Achievement from Christopher Browne, acting director of the Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum, right, on behalf of MiMi Aung and the Mars Ingenuity Helicopter Team, Thursday, March 24, 2022, at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum’s Steven F. Udvar-Hazy center in Chantilly, Va. Pictured with James and Browne are Dave Lavery, program executive for Solar System Exploration at NASA Headquarters, left, Joshua Anderson, Ingenuity Mars Helicopter tactical lead at NASA JPL, second from left, and Gerik Kubiak, Ingenuity Mars Helicopter flight software lead at NASA JPL, center. The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum’s Michael Collins Trophy recognizes extraordinary accomplishments in aeronautics and spaceflight. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Sandra Anderson, wife of STS-107 Payload Commander Michael Anderson, visits a new residence hall at the Florida Institute of Technology (FIT) in Melbourne, Fla., named for her late husband. Family members of the STS-107 astronauts, other dignitaries, members of the university community and the public gathered for a dedication ceremony for the Columbia Village at FIT. Each of the seven new residence halls in the complex is named for one of the STS-107 astronauts who perished during the Columbia accident -- Rick Husband, Willie McCool, Laurel Clark, Michael Anderson, David Brown, Kalpana Chawla, and Ilan Ramon.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Family members of the STS-107 astronauts and other dignitaries gather for the dedication ceremony of the Columbia Village at the Florida Institute of Technology in Melbourne, Fla. Each of the seven new residence halls in the complex is named for one of the STS-107 astronauts who perished during the Columbia accident -- Rick Husband, Willie McCool, Laurel Clark, Michael Anderson, David Brown, Kalpana Chawla, and Ilan Ramon.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Family members of the STS-107 astronauts, other dignitaries, members of the university community and the public gather for the dedication ceremony of the Columbia Village at the Florida Institute of Technology in Melbourne, Fla. Each of the seven new residence halls in the complex is named for one of the STS-107 astronauts who perished during the Columbia accident -- Rick Husband, Willie McCool, Laurel Clark, Michael Anderson, David Brown, Kalpana Chawla, and Ilan Ramon.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- NASA Associate Administrator for Space Flight William F. Readdy addresses the family members of the STS-107 astronauts, other dignitaries, members of the university community and the public gathered for the dedication ceremony of the Columbia Village at the Florida Institute of Technology in Melbourne, Fla. Each of the seven new residence halls in the complex is named for one of the STS-107 astronauts who perished during the Columbia accident -- Rick Husband, Willie McCool, Laurel Clark, Michael Anderson, David Brown, Kalpana Chawla, and Ilan Ramon.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Family members of the STS-107 astronauts and other dignitaries gather for the dedication ceremony of the Columbia Village at the Florida Institute of Technology in Melbourne, Fla. Each of the seven new residence halls in the complex is named for one of the STS-107 astronauts who perished during the Columbia accident -- Rick Husband, Willie McCool, Laurel Clark, Michael Anderson, David Brown, Kalpana Chawla, and Ilan Ramon.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Family members of the STS-107 astronauts and other dignitaries attending the Columbia Village dedication ceremony at the Florida Institute of Technology in Melbourne, Fla., enjoy a rendition of "God Bless America" by the university's Players in Harmony. Each of the seven new residence halls in the complex is named for one of the STS-107 astronauts who perished during the Columbia accident -- Rick Husband, Willie McCool, Laurel Clark, Michael Anderson, David Brown, Kalpana Chawla, and Ilan Ramon.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - A plaque dedicating the Columbia Village at the Florida Institute of Technology in Melbourne, Fla., is unveiled at a ceremony attended by family members of the STS-107 astronauts and other dignitaries. Each of the seven new residence halls in the complex is named for one of the STS-107 astronauts who perished during the Columbia accident -- Rick Husband, Willie McCool, Laurel Clark, Michael Anderson, David Brown, Kalpana Chawla, and Ilan Ramon.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Family members of the STS-107 astronauts and other dignitaries attending the Columbia Village dedication ceremony at the Florida Institute of Technology in Melbourne, Fla., stand for the posting of the colors by members of the university's ROTC. Each of the seven new residence halls in the complex is named for one of the STS-107 astronauts who perished during the Columbia accident -- Rick Husband, Willie McCool, Laurel Clark, Michael Anderson, David Brown, Kalpana Chawla, and Ilan Ramon.

STS103-S-002 (August 1999) --- These seven astronauts have been assigned as crew members for NASA's third servicing mission to the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). They are, from the left, astronauts C. Michael Foale, Claude Nicollier, Scott J. Kelly, Curtis L. Brown, Jr., Jean-Francois Clervoy, John M. Grunsfeld and Steven L. Smith. Brown and Kelly are commander and pilot, respectively. All the others are mission specialists (MS), with international MS Nicollier and Clervoy representing the European Space Agency (ESA).

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Seventeen new astronaut candidates visited the Vehicle Assembly Building as part of an orientation tour of KSC facilities. Here they are grouped around one of the external fuel tanks in the transfer aisle of the VAB. This latest group of candidates is the tenth chosen since the original seven Mercury astronauts. [From left, Michael J. McCulley, Curtis L. Brown Jr., Frank L. Culbertson Jr., Kathryn C. Thornton, Mark N. Brown, Mark C. Lee, Kenneth D. Cameron, John H. Casper, L. Blaine Hammond Jr., Charles Lacy Veach (deceased), James C. Adamson, William M. Shepherd, Sidney M. Gutierrez, Marsha S. Ivins, David G. Low, Michael J. Smith (deceased), Ellen S. Baker, Sonny Carter (deceased).]

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - NASA T-38 jets fly over the Space Mirror Memorial at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in the Missing Man Formation. During this dedication ceremony, the names of the STS-107 astronauts who lost their lives during the Columbia accident -- Rick Husband, Willie McCool, Laurel Clark, Michael Anderson, David Brown, Kalpana Chawla, and Ilan Ramon -- join the names of 17 other space heroes who gave their lives for the U.S. space program. The "Space Mirror," 42 1/2 feet high by 50 feet wide, illuminates the names of the fallen astronauts cut through the monument's black granite surface.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Lani McCool (back row, left), wife of STS-107 Pilot Willie McCool, accompanied by their children and other family members, visits a new residence hall at the Florida Institute of Technology (FIT) in Melbourne, Fla., named for her late husband. Family members of the STS-107 astronauts, other dignitaries, members of the university community and the public gathered for a dedication ceremony for the Columbia Village at FIT. Each of the seven new residence halls in the complex is named for one of the STS-107 astronauts who perished during the Columbia accident -- Rick Husband, Willie McCool, Laurel Clark, Michael Anderson, David Brown, Kalpana Chawla, and Ilan Ramon.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - A ceremonial wreath is placed at the Space Mirror Memorial at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex. During this dedication ceremony, the names of the STS-107 astronauts who lost their lives during the Columbia accident -- Rick Husband, Willie McCool, Laurel Clark, Michael Anderson, David Brown, Kalpana Chawla, and Ilan Ramon -- join the names of 17 other space heroes who gave their lives for the U.S. space program. The "Space Mirror," 42 1/2 feet high by 50 feet wide, illuminates the names of the fallen astronauts cut through the monument's black granite surface.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Dr. Jonathan Clark (right), husband of STS-107 Mission Specialist Laurel Clark, and their son (left) visit a new residence hall at the Florida Institute of Technology (FIT) in Melbourne, Fla., named for his late wife. Family members of the STS-107 astronauts, other dignitaries, members of the university community and the public gathered for a dedication ceremony for the Columbia Village at FIT. Each of the seven new residence halls in the complex is named for one of the STS-107 astronauts who perished during the Columbia accident -- Rick Husband, Willie McCool, Laurel Clark, Michael Anderson, David Brown, Kalpana Chawla, and Ilan Ramon.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Dr. Jonathan Clark, husband of STS-107 astronaut Laurel Clark, addresses the family members of the STS-107 astronauts, other dignitaries, members of the university community and the public gathered for the dedication ceremony of the Columbia Village at the Florida Institute of Technology in Melbourne, Fla. Each of the seven new residence halls in the complex is named for one of the STS-107 astronauts who perished during the Columbia accident -- Rick Husband, Willie McCool, Laurel Clark, Michael Anderson, David Brown, Kalpana Chawla, and Ilan Ramon.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Dr. Anthony J. Catanese, president of the Florida Institute of Technology in Melbourne, Fla., delivers the opening remarks at the university's Columbia Village dedication ceremony. The event is attended by family members of the STS-107 astronauts, other dignitaries, members of the university community and the public. Each of the seven new residence halls in the complex is named for one of the STS-107 astronauts who perished during the Columbia accident -- Rick Husband, Willie McCool, Laurel Clark, Michael Anderson, David Brown, Kalpana Chawla, and Ilan Ramon.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - A ceremonial wreath is placed at the Space Mirror Memorial at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex. During this dedication ceremony, the names of the STS-107 astronauts who lost their lives during the Columbia accident -- Rick Husband, Willie McCool, Laurel Clark, Michael Anderson, David Brown, Kalpana Chawla, and Ilan Ramon -- join the names of 17 other space heroes who gave their lives for the U.S. space program. The "Space Mirror," 42 1/2 feet high by 50 feet wide, illuminates the names of the fallen astronauts cut through the monument's black granite surface.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Family members of the STS-107 astronauts and other dignitaries attend a dedication ceremony at the Space Mirror Memorial at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex. During this solemn event, the names of the STS-107 astronauts who lost their lives during the Columbia accident -- Rick Husband, Willie McCool, Laurel Clark, Michael Anderson, David Brown, Kalpana Chawla, and Ilan Ramon -- join the names of 17 other space heroes who gave their lives for the U.S. space program. The "Space Mirror," 42 1/2 feet high by 50 feet wide, illuminates the names of the fallen astronauts cut through the monument's black granite surface.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Evelyn Husband, wife of STS-107 Commander Rick Husband, visits a new residence hall at the Florida Institute of Technology (FIT) in Melbourne, Fla., named for her late husband. Family members of the STS-107 astronauts, other dignitaries, members of the university community and the public gathered for a dedication ceremony for the Columbia Village at FIT. Each of the seven new residence halls in the complex is named for one of the STS-107 astronauts who perished during the Columbia accident -- Rick Husband, Willie McCool, Laurel Clark, Michael Anderson, David Brown, Kalpana Chawla, and Ilan Ramon.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Family members of the STS-107 astronauts and other dignitaries watch NASA T-38 jets fly over the Space Mirror Memorial at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in a Missing Man Formation. During this dedication ceremony, the names of the STS-107 astronauts who lost their lives during the Columbia accident -- Rick Husband, Willie McCool, Laurel Clark, Michael Anderson, David Brown, Kalpana Chawla, and Ilan Ramon -- join the names of 17 other space heroes who gave their lives for the U.S. space program.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Family members of the STS-107 astronauts and other dignitaries attend a dedication ceremony at the Space Mirror Memorial at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex. During this solemn event, the names of the STS-107 astronauts who lost their lives during the Columbia accident -- Rick Husband, Willie McCool, Laurel Clark, Michael Anderson, David Brown, Kalpana Chawla, and Ilan Ramon -- join the names of 17 other space heroes who gave their lives for the U.S. space program. The "Space Mirror," 42 1/2 feet high by 50 feet wide, illuminates the names of the fallen astronauts cut through the monument's black granite surface.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Family members of the STS-107 astronauts and other dignitaries attend a dedication ceremony at the Space Mirror Memorial at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex. During this solemn event, the names of the STS-107 astronauts who lost their lives during the Columbia accident -- Rick Husband, Willie McCool, Laurel Clark, Michael Anderson, David Brown, Kalpana Chawla, and Ilan Ramon -- join the names of 17 other space heroes who gave their lives for the U.S. space program. The "Space Mirror," 42 1/2 feet high by 50 feet wide, illuminates the names of the fallen astronauts cut through the monument's black granite surface.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Rona Ramon, wife of STS-107 Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon, visits a new residence hall at the Florida Institute of Technology (FIT) in Melbourne, Fla., named for her late husband. Family members of the STS-107 astronauts, other dignitaries, members of the university community and the public gathered for a dedication ceremony for the Columbia Village at FIT. Each of the seven new residence halls in the complex is named for one of the STS-107 astronauts who perished during the Columbia accident -- Rick Husband, Willie McCool, Laurel Clark, Michael Anderson, David Brown, Kalpana Chawla, and Ilan Ramon.

STS103-375-019 (19-27 December 1999) ---.Six members of the STS-103 crew are seen in this "fish-eye" lens scene taken on Discovery's flight deck during the deployment of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). From left are astronauts Jean-Francois Clervoy, C. Michael Foale, Claude Nicollier, Curtis L. Brown, Jr., John M. Grunsfeld and Scott J. Kelly. Brown and Kelly are commander and pilot, respectively. All the others are mission specialists, with international MS Nicollier and Clervoy representing the European Space Agency (ESA). Astronaut Steven L. Smith, payload commander, took the photo.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - During Crew Equipment Interface Test activities, STS-107 Mission Specialist David Brown checks equipment in the payload bay of Columbia while a technician looks on. Behind Brown is Payload Commander Michael Anderson. STS-107 is a research mission, with the SHI Research Double Module (SHI/RDM), also known as SPACEHAB, as the primary payload, plus the Fast Reaction Experiments Enabling Science, Technology, Applications and Research (FREESTAR) that incorporates eight high priority secondary attached shuttle experiments. STS-107 is scheduled to launch July 19, 2002

STS103-397-035 (19 - 27 December 1999) --- The seven astronauts aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery for NASA's third servicing visit to the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) pose for the traditional inflight crew portrait..In front are, from left, astronauts Claude Nicollier, Scott J. Kelly and John M. Grunsfeld. Behind them are.astronauts Steven L. Smith, C. Michael Foale, Curtis L. Brown, Jr., and Jean-Francois Clervoy. Nicollier and Clervoy are astronauts from the European Space Agency (ESA).

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At SPACEHAB, STS-107 crew members become acquainted with equipment that will be on the mission. From left are Mission Specialists David Brown, Ilan Ramon (from Israel), Michael Anderson and Kalpana Chawla; seated in front is Mission Specialist Laurel Clark. Identified as a research mission, STS-107 is scheduled for launch July 19, 2001

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At SPACEHAB, STS-107 crew members become acquainted with equipment that will be on the mission. From left are Mission Specialists David Brown, Ilan Ramon (from Israel), Michael Anderson and Kalpana Chawla; seated in front is Mission Specialist Laurel Clark. Identified as a research mission, STS-107 is scheduled for launch July 19, 2001

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At SPACEHAB, STS-107 crew members refer to documentation while Mission Specialist Ilan Ramon of Israel points to data on a laptop screen. Gathered around Ramon are (left to right) Mission Specialists Laurel Clark, Michael Anderson, David Brown and Kalpana Chawla (back to camera). Identified as a research mission, STS-107 is scheduled for launch July 19, 2001

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At SPACEHAB, STS-107 crew members refer to documentation while Mission Specialist Ilan Ramon of Israel points to data on a laptop screen. Gathered around Ramon are (left to right) Mission Specialists Laurel Clark, Michael Anderson, David Brown and Kalpana Chawla (back to camera). Identified as a research mission, STS-107 is scheduled for launch July 19, 2001

JOHNSON SPACE CENTER, HOUSTON, Texas -- (JSC-STS107-5-002) -- The seven STS-107 crew members take a break from their training regimen to pose for the traditional crew portrait. Seated in front are astronauts Rick D. Husband (left), mission commander, and William C. McCool, pilot. Standing are (from left) astronauts David M. Brown, Laurel B. Clark, Kalpana Chawla and Michael P. Anderson, all mission specialists; and Ilan Ramon, payload specialist representing the Israeli Space Agency.

STS103-S-005 (19 December 1999) --- The Space Shuttle Discovery rises into the clear night sky to begin the 96th mission in the STS program. Liftoff occurred at 7:50 p.m. (EST), December 19, 1999, from Launch Pad 39B. Onboard were astronauts Curtis L. Brown, Jr., Scott J. Kelly, Steven L. Smith, C. Michael Foale, John M. Grunsfeld, Claude Nicollier and Jean-Francois Clervoy. Switzerland's Nicollier and France's Clervoy represent the European Space Agency (ESA).

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- STS-107 Mission Specialists David M. Brown (center) and Michael Anderson (right) get information about one of the Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC) experiments that will be on their mission. At left is Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon of Israel. The crew has been taking part in In-Flight Maintenance training at SPACEHAB, in Cape Canaveral, Fla., for their mission. STS-107 will carry a broad collection of experiments ranging from material science to life science. It is scheduled to launch July 19, 2001

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At SPACEHAB, STS-107 crew members check out equipment for their mission. At the far left are Mission Specialists Kalpana Chawla and Ilan Ramon, who is from Israel. At center, handling the equipment, are Mission Specialists David Brown and Michael Anderson. Identified as a research mission, STS-107 is scheduled for launch July 19, 2001

The STS-103 crew portrait includes (from left) C. Michael Foale, mission specialist; Claude Nicollier, mission specialist representing the European Space Agency (ESA) ; Scott J. Kelly, pilot; Curtis L. Brown, commander; and mission specialists Jean-Francois Clervoy (ESA), John M. Grunsfeld, and Steven L. Smith. Launched aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery on December 19, 1999 at 6:50 p.m. (CST), the STS-103 mission served as the third Hubble Space Telescope (HST) servicing mission.

Michael Giacchino, Star Trek composer, is interviewed by NASA's Social Video Producer Brittany Brown, Friday, June 1, 2018 at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts ahead of the "National Symphony Orchestra Pops: Space, the Next Frontier," celebrating NASA's 60th Anniversary in Washington DC. The event featured music inspired by space including artists Will.i.am, Grace Potter, Coheed & Cambria, John Cho, and guest Nick Sagan, son of Carl Sagan. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

ISS008-E-17186 (24 February 2004) --- Astronaut C. Michael Foale, Expedition 8 NASA ISS science officer and commander, works with the extravehicular activity (EVA) bundle in the Zvezda Service Module on the International Space Station (ISS). The Matroshka experiment package is shrouded (aft) with the brown carry bags for the CKK hardware (fwd) along with tools and other needed items. It is all bundled to a Russian EVA integrated equipment carrier.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At SPACEHAB, STS-107 crew members check out equipment for their mission. At the far left are Mission Specialists Kalpana Chawla and Ilan Ramon, who is from Israel. At center, handling the equipment, are Mission Specialists David Brown and Michael Anderson. Identified as a research mission, STS-107 is scheduled for launch July 19, 2001

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- STS-107 Mission Specialists David M. Brown (center) and Michael Anderson (right) get information about one of the Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC) experiments that will be on their mission. At left is Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon of Israel. The crew has been taking part in In-Flight Maintenance training at SPACEHAB, in Cape Canaveral, Fla., for their mission. STS-107 will carry a broad collection of experiments ranging from material science to life science. It is scheduled to launch July 19, 2001

STS-103 Commander Curtis L. Brown Jr. is suited up and ready to go for the second launch attempt of Space Shuttle Discovery. The previous launch attempt on Dec. 17 was scrubbed about 8:52 p.m. due to numerous violations of weather launch commit criteria at KSC. Brown and fellow crew members Pilot Scott J. Kelly and Mission Specialists Steven L. Smith, C. Michael Foale (Ph.D.), John M. Grunsfeld (Ph.D.), Claude Nicollier of Switzerland and Jean-Francois Clervoy of France are scheduled to lift off at 7:50 p.m. EST Dec. 19 on mission STS-103, servicing the Hubble Space Telescope. Objectives for the nearly eight-day mission include replacing gyroscopes and an old computer, installing another solid state recorder, and replacing damaged insulation in the telescope. Discovery is expected to land at KSC Monday, Dec. 27, at about 5:24 p.m. EST

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- STS-107 Mission Specialist David M. Brown trains on equipment in the training module at SPACEHAB, Cape Canaveral, Fla. Brown and other crew members Commander Rick D. Husband, Pilot William C. McCool, Payload Commander Michael P. Anderson; Mission Specialists Kalpana Chawla and Laurel Blair Salton Clark; and Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon, of Israel, are at SPACEHAB to take part in Crew Equipment Interface Test (CEIT) activities. The CEIT enables the crew to perform certain flight operations, operate experiments in a flight-like environment, evaluate stowage locations and obtain additional exposure to specific experiment operations. As a research mission, STS-107 will carry the SPACEHAB Double Module in its first research flight into space and a broad collection of experiments ranging from material science to life science. STS-107 is scheduled for launch May 23, 2002

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - NASA's Associate Administrator for Space Flight William Readdy and Evelyn Husband, widow of astronaut Rick Husband, place a ceremonial wreath at the Space Mirror Memorial at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex. During this dedication ceremony, the names of the STS-107 astronauts who lost their lives during the Columbia accident -- Rick Husband, Willie McCool, Laurel Clark, Michael Anderson, David Brown, Kalpana Chawla, and Ilan Ramon -- join the names of 17 other space heroes who gave their lives for the U.S. space program. The "Space Mirror," 42 1/2 feet high by 50 feet wide, illuminates the names of the fallen astronauts cut through the monument's black granite surface.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - NASA's Associate Administrator for Space Flight William Readdy and Evelyn Husband, widow of astronaut Rick Husband, place a ceremonial wreath at the Space Mirror Memorial at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex. During this dedication ceremony, the names of the STS-107 astronauts who lost their lives during the Columbia accident -- Rick Husband, Willie McCool, Laurel Clark, Michael Anderson, David Brown, Kalpana Chawla, and Ilan Ramon -- join the names of 17 other space heroes who gave their lives for the U.S. space program. The "Space Mirror," 42 1/2 feet high by 50 feet wide, illuminates the names of the fallen astronauts cut through the monument's black granite surface.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - NASA's Associate Administrator for Space Flight William Readdy (left) and Evelyn Husband, widow of astronaut Rick Husband, place a ceremonial wreath at the Space Mirror Memorial at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex. During this dedication ceremony, the names of the STS-107 astronauts who lost their lives during the Columbia accident -- Rick Husband, Willie McCool, Laurel Clark, Michael Anderson, David Brown, Kalpana Chawla, and Ilan Ramon -- join the names of 17 other space heroes who gave their lives for the U.S. space program. The "Space Mirror," 42 1/2 feet high by 50 feet wide, illuminates the names of the fallen astronauts cut through the monument's black granite surface.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- As part of In-Flight Maintenance training at SPACEHAB, in Cape Canaveral, Fla., members of the STS-107 crew learn about Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC) experiments that will be on their mission. From left are Mission Specialist Kalpana Chawla, Pilot William C. “Willie” McCool, Mission Specialists Laurel Clark and Michael Anderson, Roberteen McCray of Bionetics, Commander Rick D. Husband,; Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon of Israel and Mission Specialist David M. Brown. STS-107 will carry a broad collection of experiments ranging from material science to life science. It is scheduled to launch July 19, 2001

As part of In-Flight Maintenance training at SPACEHAB, in Cape Canaveral, Fla., members of the STS-107 crew learn about Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC) experiments that will be on their mission. Gathered around the table are (from left) Mission Specialist Kalpana Chawla, Pilot William C. “Willie” McCool, Mission Specialists Laurel Clark and Michael Anderson, Roberteen McCray of Bionetics, Commander Rick D. Husband, Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon of Israel and Mission Specialist David M. Brown. STS-107 will carry a broad collection of experiments ranging from material science to life science. It is scheduled to launch July 19, 2001

STS-103 Mission Specialist Jean-François Clervoy of France (at microphone) greets the media at the Shuttle Landing Facility as Pilot Scott J. Kelly looks on. The crew arrived at KSC aboard T-38 jets to make final preparations for their launch. The other STS-103 crew members are Commander Curtis L. Brown Jr. and Mission Specialists Steven L. Smith, C. Michael Foale (Ph.D.), John M. Grunsfeld (Ph.D.), and Claude Nicollier of Switzerland. Nicollier and Clervoy are with the European Space Agency. The mission, to service the Hubble Space Telescope a third time, is scheduled for launch Dec. 11 at 12:13 a.m. EST from Launch Pad 39B

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- As part of In-Flight Maintenance training at SPACEHAB, in Cape Canaveral, Fla., the STS-107 crew learns about Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC) experiments that will be on their mission. From left are Mission Specialist Kalpana Chawla, Pilot William C. “Willie” McCool, Roberteen McCray of Bionetics, Commander Rick D. Husband, Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon of Israel, and Mission Specialists David M. Brown and Michael Anderson. At right is Debbie Wells of Bionetics. Not seen is Mission Specialist Laurel Clark. STS-107 will carry a broad collection of experiments ranging from material science to life science. It is scheduled to launch July 19, 2001

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- As part of In-Flight Maintenance training at SPACEHAB, in Cape Canaveral, Fla., members of the STS-107 crew learn about Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC) experiments that will be on their mission. From left Commander Rick D. Husband and Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon of Israel look over paperwork. Mission Specialists David M. Brown and Michael Anderson (center) look at the way Debbie Wells of Bionetics manipulates part of the equipment. STS-107 will carry a broad collection of experiments ranging from material science to life science. It is scheduled to launch July 19, 2001

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Taking part in In-Flight Maintenance training, the STS-107 crew poses in front of the SPACEHAB Double Module. In back are Mission Specialist Laurel Clark, Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon of Israel, and Mission Specialist Kalpana Chawla; in front are Mission Specialist David M. Brown, Commander Rick D. Husband, Pilot William C. “Willie” McCool (behind) and Mission Specialist Michael Anderson. As a research mission, STS-107 will carry the SPACEHAB Double Module in its first research flight into space and a broad collection of experiments ranging from material science to life science. It is scheduled to launch July 19, 2001

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- During Crew Equipment Interface Test activities, STS-107 Payload Commander Michael Anderson looks over equipment from a lift in the payload bay of Columbia while technicians (right and rear) look on. Behind Anderson is Mission Specialist David Brown. STS-107 is a research mission, with the SHI Research Double Module (SHI/RDM), also known as SPACEHAB, as the primary payload, plus the Fast Reaction Experiments Enabling Science, Technology, Applications and Research (FREESTAR) that incorporates eight high priority secondary attached shuttle experiments. STS-107 is scheduled to launch July 19, 2002

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The STS-107 crew takes part in In-Flight Maintenance training, learning more about experiments that will be part of the mission. Seated in front (left to right) are Mission Specialist Kalpana Chawla, Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon of Israel; Commander Rick D. Husband; Mission Specialist Laurel Clark; and Pilot William C. “Willie” McCool; in back are Mission Specialists David M. Brown and Michael Anderson. As a research mission, STS-107 will carry the SPACEHAB Double Module in its first research flight into space and a broad collection of experiments ranging from material science to life science. It is scheduled to launch July 19, 2001

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - STS-107 Mission Specialist Kalpana Chawla arrives at KSC to take part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which include a simulated launch countdown. Other crew members are Commander Rick Husband, Pilot William "Willie" McCool, Payload Commander Michael Anderson, Mission Specialists David Brown and Laurel Clark and Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon (the first Israeli astronaut). STS-107 is a mission devoted to research and will include more than 80 experiments that will study Earth and space science, advanced technology development, and astronaut health and safety. Launch is scheduled for Jan. 16, 2003.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- As part of In-Flight Maintenance training at SPACEHAB, in Cape Canaveral, Fla., members of the STS-107 crew learn about Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC) experiments that will be on their mission. From left are Mission Specialist Kalpana Chawla, Pilot William C. “Willie” McCool, Mission Specialists Laurel Clark and Michael Anderson, Roberteen McCray of Bionetics, Commander Rick D. Husband,; Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon of Israel and Mission Specialist David M. Brown. STS-107 will carry a broad collection of experiments ranging from material science to life science. It is scheduled to launch July 19, 2001

STS103-S-006 (19 December 1999) --- The Space Shuttle Discovery, reflected in nearby water, lifts off into the clear night sky to begin the 96th mission in the STS program. Liftoff occurred at 7:50 p.m. (EST), December 19, 1999, from Launch Pad 39B. Onboard were astronauts Curtis L. Brown, Jr., Scott J. Kelly, Steven L. Smith, C. Michael Foale, John M. Grunsfeld, Claude Nicollier and Jean-Francois Clervoy. Switzerland's Nicollier and France's Clervoy represent the European Space Agency (ESA).

STS028-S-001 (8 Aug 1989) --- The five astronaut crewmembers for STS-28 leave the operations and checkout building to board a transfer van en route to Launch Complex 39 for a date with Columbia. Front to back are Brewster H. Shaw Jr., Richard N. Richards, David C. Leestma, James C. Adamson and Mark N. Brown. At the rear of the line are Astronaut Michael L. Coats, acting chief of the astronaut office; and Donald R. Puddy, director of flight crew operations at JSC. Coats later flew a NASA Shuttle training aircraft for pre-launch and launch monitoring activities.

STS103-S-008 (19 December 1999) --- The Space Shuttle Discovery, framed by Florida foliage, clears the launch structure and heads toward the clear night sky to begin the 96th mission in the STS program. Liftoff occurred at 7:50 p.m. (EST), December 19, 1999, from Launch Pad 39B. Onboard were astronauts Curtis L. Brown, Jr., Scott J. Kelly, Steven L. Smith, C. Michael Foale, John M. Grunsfeld, Claude Nicollier and Jean-Francois Clervoy. Switzerland's Nicollier and France's Clervoy represent the European Space Agency (ESA).

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Taking part in In-Flight Maintenance training, the STS-107 crew poses in front of the SPACEHAB Double Module. In back are Mission Specialist Laurel Clark, Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon of Israel, and Mission Specialist Kalpana Chawla; in front are Mission Specialist David M. Brown, Commander Rick D. Husband, Pilot William C. “Willie” McCool (behind) and Mission Specialist Michael Anderson. As a research mission, STS-107 will carry the SPACEHAB Double Module in its first research flight into space and a broad collection of experiments ranging from material science to life science. It is scheduled to launch July 19, 2001

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Taking part in In-Flight Maintenance training, the STS-107 crew poses in front of the SPACEHAB Double Module. In back are Mission Specialist Laurel Clark, Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon of Israel and Mission Specialist Kalpana Chawla; in front are Mission Specialist David M. Brown, Commander Rick D. Husband, Pilot William C. “Willie” McCool (behind) and Mission Specialist Michael Anderson. As a research mission, STS-107 will carry the SPACEHAB Double Module in its first research flight into space and a broad collection of experiments ranging from material science to life science. It is scheduled to launch July 19, 2001

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - During Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities at the launch pad, the STS-107 crew pauses for a group photo. From left are Payload Commander Michael Anderson, Commander Rick Husband, Mission Specialist Laurel Clark, Pilot William "Willie" McCool, and Mission Specialists Ilan Ramon, Kalpana Chawla and David Brown. Behind them is Space Shuttle Columbia. STS-107 is a mission devoted to research and will include more than 80 experiments that will study Earth and space science, advanced technology development, and astronaut health and safety. Launch is planned for Jan. 16, 2003, between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. EST aboard Space Shuttle Columbia. .

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- As part of In-Flight Maintenance training at SPACEHAB, in Cape Canaveral, Fla., the STS-107 crew learns about Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC) experiments that will be on their mission. From left are Mission Specialist Kalpana Chawla, Pilot William C. “Willie” McCool, Roberteen McCray of Bionetics, Commander Rick D. Husband, Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon of Israel, and Mission Specialists David M. Brown and Michael Anderson. At right is Debbie Wells of Bionetics. Not seen is Mission Specialist Laurel Clark. STS-107 will carry a broad collection of experiments ranging from material science to life science. It is scheduled to launch July 19, 2001

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- STS-107 Mission Specialist Laurel Clark arrives at KSC to take part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which include a simulated launch countdown. Other crew members are Commander Rick Husband, Pilot William "Willie" McCool, Payload Commander Michael Anderson, Mission Specialists Kalpana Chawla and David Brown, and Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon, the first Israeli astronaut. STS-107 is a mission devoted to research and will include more than 80 experiments that will study Earth and space science, advanced technology development, and astronaut health and safety. Launch is scheduled for Jan. 16, 2003.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Taking part in In-Flight Maintenance training, the STS-107 crew poses in front of the SPACEHAB Double Module. In back are Mission Specialist Laurel Clark, Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon of Israel and Mission Specialist Kalpana Chawla; in front are Mission Specialist David M. Brown, Commander Rick D. Husband, Pilot William C. “Willie” McCool (behind) and Mission Specialist Michael Anderson. As a research mission, STS-107 will carry the SPACEHAB Double Module in its first research flight into space and a broad collection of experiments ranging from material science to life science. It is scheduled to launch July 19, 2001

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- During Crew Equipment Interface Test activities, STS-107 Payload Commander Michael Anderson looks over equipment in the payload bay of Columbia. Behind him is Mission Specialist David Brown. STS-107 is a research mission, with the SHI Research Double Module (SHI/RDM), also known as SPACEHAB, as the primary payload, plus the Fast Reaction Experiments Enabling Science, Technology, Applications and Research (FREESTAR) that incorporates eight high priority secondary attached shuttle experiments. STS-107 is scheduled to launch July 19, 2002

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The STS-107 crew arrives at KSC to take part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities. Standing, left to right, are Payload Commander Michael Anderson, Pilot William "Willie" McCool, Commander Rick Husband, Mission Specialist David Brown, Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon (the first Israeli astronaut), and Mission Specialists Laurel Clark and Kalpana Chawla. STS-107 is a mission devoted to research and will include more than 80 experiments that will study Earth and space science, advanced technology development, and astronaut health and safety.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- - During Crew Equipment Interface Test activities, STS-107 Mission Specialist David Brown checks equipment in the payload bay of Columbia. At left is Payload Commander Michael Anderson. A technician holds a camera. STS-107 is a research mission, with the SHI Research Double Module (SHI/RDM), also known as SPACEHAB, as the primary payload, plus the Fast Reaction Experiments Enabling Science, Technology, Applications and Research (FREESTAR) that incorporates eight high priority secondary attached shuttle experiments. STS-107 is scheduled to launch July 19, 2002

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Members of the STS-107 crew take part in In-Flight Maintenance training for their mission. Looking over the OSTEO experiment and paperwork are (at left) Mission Specialists David M. Brown and Laurel Clark and Payload Specialist Ilan Roman of Israel; Pilot William C. “Willie” McCool; and Commander Rick D. Husband. Looking on are project engineers and scientists. On the right are Mission Specialists Michael Anderson (back to camera) and Kalpana Chawla. As a research mission, STS-107will carry the SPACEHAB Double Module in its first research flight into space and a broad collection of experiments ranging from material science to life science. It is scheduled to launch July 19, 2001

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- As part of In-Flight Maintenance training at SPACEHAB, in Cape Canaveral, Fla., members of the STS-107 crew learn about Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC) experiments that will be on their mission. From left Commander Rick D. Husband and Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon of Israel look over paperwork. Mission Specialists David M. Brown and Michael Anderson (center) look at the way Debbie Wells of Bionetics manipulates part of the equipment. STS-107 will carry a broad collection of experiments ranging from material science to life science. It is scheduled to launch July 19, 2001

The STS-103 crew greets the media at the Shuttle Landing Facility after arriving aboard T-38 jets to make final preparations for their launch. From left, they are Mission Specialist Claude Nicollier of Switzerland, Pilot Scott J. Kelly, Mission Specialist C. Michael Foale (Ph.D.), Commander Curtis L. Brown Jr. (at microphone), and Mission Specialists John M. Grunsfeld (Ph.D.), Jean-François Clervoy of France, and Steven L. Smith. Nicollier and Clervoy both represent the European Space Agency. The STS-103 mission, to service the Hubble Space Telescope a third time, is scheduled for launch Dec. 11 at 12:13 a.m. EST from Launch Pad 39B

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- During In-Flight Maintenance training for their mission, STS-107 crew members check equipment and paperwork inside the SPACEHAB Double Module. From left to right are Pilot William C. "Willie" McCool; Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon; Mission Specialists Michael Anderson and David M. Brown; and Commander Rick D. Husband. As a research mission, STS-107 will carry the SPACEHAB Double Module in its first research flight into space and a broad collection of experiments ranging from material science to life science. STS-107 is scheduled to launch July 19, 2001

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Members of the STS-107 crew take part in In-Flight Maintenance training for their mission. Looking over the OSTEO experiment and paperwork are (at left) Mission Specialists David M. Brown and Laurel Clark and Payload Specialist Ilan Roman of Israel; Pilot William C. “Willie” McCool; and Commander Rick D. Husband. Looking on are project engineers and scientists. On the right are Mission Specialists Michael Anderson (back to camera) and Kalpana Chawla. As a research mission, STS-107will carry the SPACEHAB Double Module in its first research flight into space and a broad collection of experiments ranging from material science to life science. It is scheduled to launch July 19, 2001

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- STS-107 Commander Rick Husband arrives at KSC to take part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which include a simulated launch countdown. Other crew members are Pilot William "Willie" McCool Payload Commander Michael Anderson, Mission Specialists Kalpana Chawla, David Brown, Laurel Clark and Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon (the first Israeli astronaut). STS-107 is a mission devoted to research and will include more than 80 experiments that will study Earth and space science, advanced technology development, and astronaut health and safety. Launch is scheduled for Jan. 16, 2003.

As part of In-Flight Maintenance training at SPACEHAB, in Cape Canaveral, Fla., members of the STS-107 crew learn about Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC) experiments that will be on their mission. Gathered around the table are (from left) Mission Specialist Kalpana Chawla, Pilot William C. “Willie” McCool, Mission Specialists Laurel Clark and Michael Anderson, Roberteen McCray of Bionetics, Commander Rick D. Husband, Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon of Israel and Mission Specialist David M. Brown. STS-107 will carry a broad collection of experiments ranging from material science to life science. It is scheduled to launch July 19, 2001

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The STS-107 crew takes part in In-Flight Maintenance training, learning more about experiments that will be part of the mission. Seated in front (left to right) are Mission Specialist Kalpana Chawla, Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon of Israel; Commander Rick D. Husband; Mission Specialist Laurel Clark; and Pilot William C. “Willie” McCool; in back are Mission Specialists David M. Brown and Michael Anderson. As a research mission, STS-107 will carry the SPACEHAB Double Module in its first research flight into space and a broad collection of experiments ranging from material science to life science. It is scheduled to launch July 19, 2001

At the Shuttle Landing Facility, STS-103 Mission Specialist Claude Nicollier of Switzerland shows his pleasure at being at Kennedy Space Center to make final preparations for his launch. He is accompanied by the other STS-103 crew members: Commander Curtis L. Brown Jr., Pilot Scott J. Kelly and Mission Specialists Steven L. Smith, C. Michael Foale (Ph.D.), John M. Grunsfeld (Ph.D.), and Jean-François Clervoy of France. Nicollier and Clervoy both represent the European Space Agency. The STS-103 mission, to service the Hubble Space Telescope a third time, is scheduled for launch Dec. 11 at 12:13 a.m. EST from Launch Pad 39B

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- During In-Flight Maintenance training for their mission, STS-107 crew members check equipment and paperwork inside the SPACEHAB Double Module. From left to right are Pilot William C. "Willie" McCool; Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon; Mission Specialists Michael Anderson and David M. Brown; and Commander Rick D. Husband. As a research mission, STS-107 will carry the SPACEHAB Double Module in its first research flight into space and a broad collection of experiments ranging from material science to life science. STS-107 is scheduled to launch July 19, 2001

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - STS-107 Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon (left) and Mission Specialist David Brown (right) are ready to head for crew quarters after arriving at KSC. The crew is taking part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which include a simulated launch countdown. Other crew members are Commander Rick Husband, Pilot William "Willie" McCool, Payload Commander Michael Anderson, and Mission Specialists Kalpana Chawla and Laurel Clark. STS-107 is a mission devoted to research and will include more than 80 experiments that will study Earth and space science, advanced technology development, and astronaut health and safety. Launch is scheduled for Jan. 16, 2003.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - STS-107 Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon (the first Israeli astronaut) arrives at KSC to take part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which include a simulated launch countdown. Other crew members are Commander Rick Husband, Pilot William "Willie" McCool, Payload Commander Michael Anderson, Mission Specialists Kalpana Chawla, David Brown and Laurel Clark. STS-107 is a mission devoted to research and will include more than 80 experiments that will study Earth and space science, advanced technology development, and astronaut health and safety. Launch is scheduled for Jan. 16, 2003.

During Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) emergency egress training, STS-103 Commander Curtis L. Brown Jr. practices driving a small armored personnel carrier. Riding on the front is Capt. George Hoggard, a trainer with the KSC/CCAS Fire Department. In the carrier behind Brown is (left to right) Pilot Scott J. Kelly and Mission Specialists Steven L. Smith and John M. Grunsfeld (Ph.D.). The tracked vehicle could be used by the crew in the event of an emergency at the pad during which the crew must make a quick exit from the area. The TCDT also provides simulated countdown exercises and opportunities to inspect the mission payloads in the orbiter's payload bay. STS-103 is a "call-up" mission due to the need to replace and repair portions of the Hubble Space Telescope. Four EVA's are planned to make the necessary repairs and replacements on the telescope. The other STS-103 crew members are Mission Specialists C. Michael Foale (Ph.D.), plus Claude Nicollier of Switzerland and Jean-François Clervoy of France, who are with the European Space Agency. The mission is targeted for launch Dec. 6 at 2:37 a.m. EST

Photographic documentation showing STS-103 crew return at bldg. 990, Ellington Field. Views include: Mission Specialist (MS) John M. Grunsfeld at podium (16048); MS Jean-Francois Clervoy at podium (16049); Grunsfeld signs autographs (16050); woman and child (16051); MS Claude Nicollier meets his Swiss-American fan club (16052); Clervoy holds child (16053); mission commander Curtis L. Brown signs autographs (16054, 16057); MS E. Michael Foale signs autographs (16055); MS and Payload Commander (PLC) Steven L. Smith kneels and holds child (16056); overall view of stage showing Brown at podium with crew seated behind him; from left to right: Nicollier, pilot Scott J. Kelly, Clervoy, Grunsfeld, Mr. George Abbey (JSC director), Foale and Smith (16058); Nicollier at podium (16059); Mr. George Abbey at the podium (16060): Foale ath the podium (16061); Kelly signs autographs (16062).

In the Orbiter Processing Facility (OPF) bay 1, STS-103 Commander Curtis L. Brown Jr. sits in the command seat of the orbiter Discovery, inspecting the window. Brown and other crew members are at KSC to take part in a Crew Equipment Interface Test. The rest of the crew are Pilot Scott J. Kelly, and Mission Specialists Steven L. Smith, C. Michael Foale (Ph.D.), John M. Grunsfeld (Ph.D.), Claude Nicollier of Switzerland, and Jean-François Clervoy of France. Nicollier and Clervoy are with the European Space Agency. Mission STS-103 is a "call-up" due to the need to replace portions of the pointing system, the gyros, which have begun to fail on the Hubble Space Telescope. Although Hubble is operating normally and conducting its scientific observations, only three of its six gyroscopes are working properly. The gyroscopes allow the telescope to point at stars, galaxies and planets. The STS-103 crew will not only replace gyroscopes, it will also replace a Fine Guidance Sensor and an older computer with a new enhanced model, an older data tape recorder with a solid-state digital recorder, a failed spare transmitter with a new one, and degraded insulation on the telescope with new thermal insulation. The crew will also install a Battery Voltage/Temperature Improvement Kit to protect the spacecraft batteries from overcharging and overheating when the telescope goes into a safe mode. The scheduled launch date in October is under review

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - STS-107 Pilot William "Willie" McCool pauses next to the T-38 jet aircraft in which he flew to KSC. He and the crew are at KSC to take part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which include a simulated launch countdown. Other crew members are Commander Rick Husband, Payload Commander Michael Anderson, Mission Specialists Kalpana Chawla, David Brown and Laurel Clark, and Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon, the first Israeli astronaut. STS-107 is a mission devoted to research and will include more than 80 experiments that will study Earth and space science, advanced technology development, and astronaut health and safety. Launch is scheduled for Jan. 16, 2003.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The STS-107 crew exits the Operations and Checkout Building for a ride to Launch Pad 39A and a simulated launch countdown. From left are Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon, Mission Specialist Kalpana Chawla, Payload Commander Michael Anderson, Mission Specialist David Brown, Pilot William "Willie" McCool, Mission Specialist Laurel Clark and Commander Rick Husband. The countdown is part of Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities. STS-107 is a mission devoted to research and will include more than 80 experiments that will study Earth and space science, advanced technology development, and astronaut health and safety. Launch is planned for Jan. 16, 2003, between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. EST aboard Space Shuttle Columbia. .

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - The STS-107 crew pose for a photo after their arrival at KSC for pre-launch preparations. Standing from left to right are Mission Specialist Kalpana Chawla, Payload Commander Michael Anderson, Pilot William "Willie" McCool, Commander Rick Husband, Mission Specialists Laurel Clark and David Brown, and Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon, who is the first Israeli astronaut to fly on a Shuttle mission. STS-107 is a mission devoted to research and will include more than 80 experiments that will study Earth and space science, advanced technology development, and astronaut health and safety. The payload on Space Shuttle Columbia includes FREESTAR (Fast Reaction Experiments Enabling Science, Technology, Applications and Research) and the SHI Research Double Module (SHI/RDM), known as SPACEHAB. Experiments on the module range from material sciences to life sciences. Launch of Columbia is targeted for Jan. 16 between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- -- The STS-107 crew poses for a group portrait with their instructor beside an M113 armored personnel carrier. The crew is participating in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, a standard part of launch preparations. In the front, from left, are Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon (the first Israeli astronaut), Instructor George Hoggard, Mission Specialist Laurel Clark, Commander Rick Husband, Mission Specialist David Brown, and Payload Commander Michael Anderson. In the back, from left, are Mission Specialist Kalpana Chawla and Pilot William "Willie" McCool. STS-107 is a mission devoted to research and will include more than 80 experiments that will study Earth and space science, advanced technology development, and astronaut health and safety. Launch is planned for Jan. 16, 2003, between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. EST aboard Space Shuttle Columbia.

STS-103 Pilot Scott J. Kelly settles into the cockpit of a T-38 training jet for practice flights. He joins other crew members Commander Curtis L. Brown Jr. and Mission Specialists Steven L. Smith, C. Michael Foale (Ph.D.), John M. Grunsfeld (Ph.D.), Claude Nicollier of Switzerland and Jean-François Clervoy of France, for pre-launch preparations on mission STS-103 aboard Space Shuttle Discovery. Nicollier and Clervoy are with the European Space Agency. The mission, to service the Hubble Space Telescope, is scheduled for launch Dec. 16 at 9:18 p.m. EST from Launch Pad 39B. The mission is expected to last about 9 days and 21 hours. Discovery is expected to land at KSC Sunday, Dec. 26, at 6:56 p.m. EST

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At the Shuttle Landing Facility, STS-114 Mission Commander Eileen Collins talks to reporters before she and the rest of the crew depart Kennedy Space Center. The crew was at KSC to observe the newly redesigned External Tank and new 50-foot-long Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS). Among redesign changes on the ET is the forward bipod fitting to reduce the risk to the Shuttle from falling debris during ascent. A camera has also been added to capture separation of the ET from the Shuttle after launch. The OBSS attaches to the end of the Shuttle’s robotic arm and equips the orbiter with cameras and laser systems to inspect the Shuttle’s Thermal Protection System while in space. The launch window for Return to Flight mission STS-114 is May 12 to June 3, 2005. (Photo: Michael R. Brown)

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- STS-107 Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon, of Israel, manipulates a piece of equipment in the Spacehab module. He and other crew members are taking part in Crew Equipment Interface Test (CEIT) activities at SPACEHAB, Cape Canaveral, Fla. As a research mission, STS-107 will carry the Spacehab Double Module in its first research flight into space and a broad collection of experiments ranging from material science to life science. The CEIT activities enable the crew to perform certain flight operations, operate experiments in a flight-like environment, evaluate stowage locations and obtain additional exposure to specific experiment operations. Other STS-107 crew members are Commander Rick Douglas Husband, Pilot William C. McCool; Payload Commander Michael P. Anderson; and Mission Specialists Kalpana Chawla, Laurel Blair Salton Clark and David M. Brown. STS-107 is scheduled for launch May 23, 2002

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- STS-107 Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon (left) is greeted on his arrival by Launch Director Mike Linebach. Ramon is the first Israeli astronaut to fly on a Shuttle mission. STS-107 is a mission devoted to research and will include more than 80 experiments that will study Earth and space science, advanced technology development, and astronaut health and safety. The payload on Space Shuttle Columbia includes FREESTAR (Fast Reaction Experiments Enabling Science, Technology, Applications and Research) and the SHI Research Double Module (SHI/RDM), known as SPACEHAB. Experiments on the module range from material sciences to life sciences. Other crew members are Commander Rick Husband, Pilot William "Willie" McCool, Payload Commander Michael Anderson and Mission Specialists Kalpana Chawla, David Brown and Laurel Clark. Launch of Columbia is targeted for Jan. 16 between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- At SPACEHAB, Cape Canaveral, Fla., members of the STS-107 crew look over experiments in a flight configured module for their research mission. At left is Mission Specialist David Brown, in the background is a trainer, and at right is Payload Commander Michael Anderson. STS-107 has two payload elements, the Double Module in its first flight into space and a Hitchhiker payload. The experiments range from material sciences to life sciences (many rats). The Hitchhiker carrier system is modular and expandable in accordance with payload requirements. Hitchhiker experiments are housed in canisters or attached to mounting plates. The Hitchhiker canister comes in two varieties--the Hitchhiker Motorized Door Canister and the Sealed Canisters. STS-107 is scheduled to launch in June 2002

In the Operations and Checkout Building, the STS-103 crew are all smiles as they gather for breakfast before suiting up for launch. From left are Mission Specialists Claude Nicollier of Switzerland and C. Michael Foale (Ph.D.), Pilot Scott J. Kelly, Commander Curtis L. Brown Jr., and Mission Specialists Jean-Francois Clervoy of France, John M. Grunsfeld (Ph.D.) and Steven L. Smith. Nicollier and Clervoy are with the European Space Agency. The STS-103 mission, to service the Hubble Space Telescope, is scheduled for launch Dec. 17 at 8:47 p.m. EST from Launch Pad 39B. Mission objectives include replacing gyroscopes and an old computer, installing another solid state recorder, and replacing damaged insulation in the telescope. The mission is expected to last about 8 days and 21 hours. Discovery is expected to land at KSC Sunday, Dec. 26, at about 6:30 p.m. EST

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - STS-107 Mission Specialist Kalpana Chawla joins other crew members after arrival at KSC for pre-launch preparations. Not seen are Commander Rick Husband, Pilot William "Willie" McCool, Payload Commander Michael Anderson, Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon, and Mission Specialists David Brown and Laurel Clark. STS-107 is a mission devoted to research and will include more than 80 experiments that will study Earth and space science, advanced technology development, and astronaut health and safety. The payload on Space Shuttle Columbia includes FREESTAR (Fast Reaction Experiments Enabling Science, Technology, Applications and Research) and the SHI Research Double Module (SHI/RDM), known as SPACEHAB. Experiments on the module range from material sciences to life sciences. Launch of Columbia is targeted for Jan. 16 between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- At SPACEHAB, Cape Canaveral, Fla., the STS-107 crew takes part in Crew Equipment Interface Test (CEIT) activities. From left are Mission Specialist Laurel Blair Salton Clark, Commander Rick Douglas Husband, Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon, of Israel, and Payload Commander Michael P. Anderson. A trainer is at far right. As a research mission, STS-107 will carry the Spacehab Double Module in its first research flight into space and a broad collection of experiments ranging from material science to life science. The CEIT activities enable the crew to perform certain flight operations, operate experiments in a flight-like environment, evaluate stowage locations and obtain additional exposure to specific experiment operations. Other STS-107 crew members are Pilot William C. McCool and Mission Specialists Kalpana Chawla and David M. Brown. STS-107 is scheduled for launch May 23, 2002

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The STS-107 crew poses for a group portrait with the Vehicle Assembly Building in the background. They are at KSC to take part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, a standard part of launch preparations. From left to right are Mission Specialists Kalpana Chawla and Laurel Clark, Pilot William "Willie" McCool, Commander Rick Husband, Mission Specialist David Brown, Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon (the first Israeli astronaut), and Payload Commander Michael Anderson. STS-107 is a mission devoted to research and will include more than 80 experiments that will study Earth and space science, advanced technology development, and astronaut health and safety. Launch is targeted for Jan. 16, 2003, between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. EST.