This illustration of Moon to Mars infrastructure shows astronauts living and working on the surface of Mars. NASA’s Moon to Mars Objectives establish an objectives-based approach to the agency's human deep space exploration efforts; NASA’s Moon to Mars Architecture approach distills the objectives into operational capabilities and elements.
This illustration of Moon to Mars operations shows an astronaut piloting a robotic arm to manipulate cargo on Mars. NASA’s Moon to Mars Objectives establish an objectives-based approach to the agency's human deep space exploration efforts; NASA’s Moon to Mars Architecture approach distills the objectives into operational capabilities and elements.
This illustration of Moon to Mars transportation and habitation shows astronauts driving a pressurized rover away from the dome of a translucent lunar habitat. NASA’s Moon to Mars Objectives establish an objectives-based approach to the agency's human deep space exploration efforts; NASA’s Moon to Mars Architecture approach distills the objectives into operational capabilities and elements.
This illustration of Moon to Mars multidisciplinary science shows astronauts collecting and analyzing lunar regolith. NASA’s Moon to Mars Objectives establish an objectives-based approach to the agency's human deep space exploration efforts; NASA’s Moon to Mars Architecture approach distills the objectives into operational capabilities and elements.
Mars is kept company by two cratered moons -- an inner moon named Phobos and an outer moon named Deimos.
This crescent view of Earth Moon in infrared, blue-green, and red wavelengths comes from a camera test by NASA Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft on its way to Mars.
The Two Moons of Mars as Seen from Mars
This composite image of Earth and its moon, as seen from Mars, combines the best Earth image with the best moon image from four sets of images acquired on Nov. 20, 2016, by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Each was separately processed prior to combining them so that the moon is bright enough to see. The moon is much darker than Earth and would barely be visible at the same brightness scale as Earth. The combined view retains the correct sizes and positions of the two bodies relative to each other. HiRISE takes images in three wavelength bands: infrared, red, and blue-green. These are displayed here as red, green, and blue, respectively. This is similar to Landsat images in which vegetation appears red. The reddish feature in the middle of the Earth image is Australia. Southeast Asia appears as the reddish area (due to vegetation) near the top; Antarctica is the bright blob at bottom-left. Other bright areas are clouds. These images were acquired for calibration of HiRISE data, since the spectral reflectance of the Moon's near side is very well known. When the component images were taken, Mars was about 127 million miles (205 million kilometers) from Earth. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA21260
The opening presentation slide for the Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop is seen on monitors, Tuesday, Feb. 20, 2024, at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington. NASA held the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia and international partners to inform NASA's Moon to Mars Architecture, the agency's roadmap for human exploration of the Moon and Mars. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)
Two Moons and the Pleiades from Mars
Two Moons and the Pleiades from Mars
NASA Associate Administrator for Exploration Systems Development, Catherine Koerner, gives opening remarks at the Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Tuesday, Feb. 20, 2024, at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington. NASA held the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia and international partners to inform NASA's Moon to Mars Architecture, the agency's roadmap for human exploration of the Moon and Mars. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)
NASA Associate Administrator Jim Free gives opening remarks at the Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Tuesday, Feb. 20, 2024, at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington. NASA held the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia and international partners to inform NASA's Moon to Mars Architecture, the agency's roadmap for human exploration of the Moon and Mars. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)
Catherine Koerner, associate administrator for NASA’s Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate, gives opening remarks at the Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Wednesday, Feb. 12, 2025, at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington. NASA held the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia and international partners to inform NASA's Moon to Mars Architecture, the agency's roadmap for human exploration of the Moon and Mars. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy gives opening remarks at the Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Thursday, Feb. 22, 2024, at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington. NASA held the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia and international partners to inform NASA's Moon to Mars Architecture, the agency's roadmap for human exploration of the Moon and Mars.
NASA Associate Administrator for Exploration Systems Development, Catherine Koerner, gives opening remarks at the Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Tuesday, Feb. 20, 2024, at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington. NASA held the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia and international partners to inform NASA's Moon to Mars Architecture, the agency's roadmap for human exploration of the Moon and Mars. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)
Catherine Koerner, associate administrator for NASA’s Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate, gives opening remarks at the Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Wednesday, Feb. 12, 2025, at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington. NASA held the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia and international partners to inform NASA's Moon to Mars Architecture, the agency's roadmap for human exploration of the Moon and Mars. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
Nujoud Merancy, deputy associate administrator for the Strategy & Architecture Office in NASA’s Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate gives remarks at the Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Wednesday, Feb. 12, 2025, at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington. NASA held the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia and international partners to inform NASA's Moon to Mars Architecture, the agency's roadmap for human exploration of the Moon and Mars. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
Clark Esty, executive officer for NASA’s Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate speaks at the Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Wednesday, Feb. 12, 2025, at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington. NASA held the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia and international partners to inform NASA's Moon to Mars Architecture, the agency's roadmap for human exploration of the Moon and Mars. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
NASA Associate Administrator Jim Free gives opening remarks at the Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Tuesday, Feb. 20, 2024, at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington. NASA held the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia and international partners to inform NASA's Moon to Mars Architecture, the agency's roadmap for human exploration of the Moon and Mars. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)
NASA Associate Administrator Jim Free gives opening remarks at the Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Tuesday, Feb. 20, 2024, at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington. NASA held the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia and international partners to inform NASA's Moon to Mars Architecture, the agency's roadmap for human exploration of the Moon and Mars. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)
Nujoud Merancy, deputy associate administrator for the Strategy & Architecture Office in NASA’s Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate gives remarks at the Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Wednesday, Feb. 12, 2025, at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington. NASA held the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia and international partners to inform NASA's Moon to Mars Architecture, the agency's roadmap for human exploration of the Moon and Mars. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy gives opening remarks at the Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Thursday, Feb. 22, 2024, at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington. NASA held the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia and international partners to inform NASA's Moon to Mars Architecture, the agency's roadmap for human exploration of the Moon and Mars.
NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy gives opening remarks at the Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Thursday, Feb. 22, 2024, at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington. NASA held the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia and international partners to inform NASA's Moon to Mars Architecture, the agency's roadmap for human exploration of the Moon and Mars.
NASA Associate Administrator for Exploration Systems Development, Catherine Koerner, gives opening remarks at the Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Tuesday, Feb. 20, 2024, at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington. NASA held the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia and international partners to inform NASA's Moon to Mars Architecture, the agency's roadmap for human exploration of the Moon and Mars. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)
Catherine Koerner, associate administrator for NASA’s Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate, gives opening remarks at the Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Wednesday, Feb. 12, 2025, at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington. NASA held the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia and international partners to inform NASA's Moon to Mars Architecture, the agency's roadmap for human exploration of the Moon and Mars. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
NASA Associate Administrator Jim Free gives opening remarks at the Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Tuesday, Feb. 20, 2024, at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington. NASA held the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia and international partners to inform NASA's Moon to Mars Architecture, the agency's roadmap for human exploration of the Moon and Mars. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)
Colleen Hartman, director of the Space Studies Board at the National Academy of Sciences gives opening remarks at the Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Wednesday, Feb. 12, 2025, at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington. NASA held the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia and international partners to inform NASA's Moon to Mars Architecture, the agency's roadmap for human exploration of the Moon and Mars. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy gives opening remarks at the Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Thursday, Feb. 22, 2024, at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington. NASA held the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia and international partners to inform NASA's Moon to Mars Architecture, the agency's roadmap for human exploration of the Moon and Mars.
Catherine Koerner, associate administrator for NASA’s Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate, gives opening remarks at the Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Wednesday, Feb. 12, 2025, at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington. NASA held the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia and international partners to inform NASA's Moon to Mars Architecture, the agency's roadmap for human exploration of the Moon and Mars. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
Colleen Hartman, director of the Space Studies Board at the National Academy of Sciences gives opening remarks at the Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Wednesday, Feb. 12, 2025, at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington. NASA held the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia and international partners to inform NASA's Moon to Mars Architecture, the agency's roadmap for human exploration of the Moon and Mars. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy gives opening remarks at the Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Thursday, Feb. 22, 2024, at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington. NASA held the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia and international partners to inform NASA's Moon to Mars Architecture, the agency's roadmap for human exploration of the Moon and Mars.
Catherine Koerner, associate administrator for NASA’s Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate, gives opening remarks at the Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Wednesday, Feb. 12, 2025, at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington. NASA held the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia and international partners to inform NASA's Moon to Mars Architecture, the agency's roadmap for human exploration of the Moon and Mars. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
This crescent view of Earth Moon in infrared wavelengths comes from a camera test by NASA Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft on its way to Mars. This image was taken by taken by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment camera Sept. 8, 2005.
This graphic shows Venus, Earth and its Moon, and Mars. https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA25285
Deputy Associate Administrator for Space Technology Mission Directorate Prasun Desai delivers remarks during a Moon to Mars Town Hall, Thursday, May 18, 2023, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Keegan Barber)
Special Advisor to the Associate Administrator, Space Operations Mission Directorate Pat Forrester delivers remarks during a Moon to Mars Town Hall, Thursday, May 18, 2023, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Keegan Barber)
Associate Administrator for Exploration Systems Development Jim Free answers questions during a Moon to Mars Town Hall, Thursday, May 18, 2023, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Keegan Barber)
Director of Space Architectures Kurt “Spuds” Vogel delivers remarks during a Moon to Mars Town Hall, Thursday, May 18, 2023, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Keegan Barber)
Associate Administrator for Exploration Systems Development Jim Free delivers remarks during a Moon to Mars Town Hall, Thursday, May 18, 2023, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Keegan Barber)
NASA Associate Administrator Bob Cabana delivers remarks during a Moon to Mars Town Hall, Thursday, May 18, 2023, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Keegan Barber)
NASA Associate Administrator Bob Cabana delivers remarks during a Moon to Mars Town Hall, Thursday, May 18, 2023, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Keegan Barber)
NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy delivers remarks during a Moon to Mars Town Hall, Thursday, May 18, 2023, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Keegan Barber)
NASA Administrator Bill Nelson delivers opening remarks prior to a Moon to Mars Town Hall, Thursday, May 18, 2023, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Keegan Barber)
NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy delivers remarks during a Moon to Mars Town Hall, Thursday, May 18, 2023, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Keegan Barber)
NASA Administrator Bill Nelson delivers opening remarks prior to a Moon to Mars Town Hall, Thursday, May 18, 2023, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Keegan Barber)
Kennedy Space Center Director Bob Cabana makes opening remarks during an event to discuss NASA’s progress toward sending astronauts to the Moon and on to Mars, Monday, March 11, 2019, at the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Representatives from the Kennedy workforce, news media and social media were in attendance. NASA's Orion spacecraft, which is scheduled to be flown on Exploration Mission-2, was on display. For information on NASA's Moon to Mars plans, visit: www.nasa.gov/moontomars Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)
Kennedy Space Center Director Bob Cabana makes opening remarks during an event to discuss NASA’s progress toward sending astronauts to the Moon and on to Mars, Monday, March 11, 2019, at the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Representatives from the Kennedy workforce, news media and social media were in attendance. NASA's Orion spacecraft, which is scheduled to be flown on Exploration Mission-2, was on display. For information on NASA's Moon to Mars plans, visit: www.nasa.gov/moontomars Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)
Kennedy Space Center Director Bob Cabana makes opening remarks during an event to discuss NASA’s progress toward sending astronauts to the Moon and on to Mars, Monday, March 11, 2019, at the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Representatives from the Kennedy workforce, news media and social media were in attendance. NASA's Orion spacecraft, which is scheduled to be flown on Exploration Mission-2, was on display. For information on NASA's Moon to Mars plans, visit: www.nasa.gov/moontomars Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)
NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine talks to employees about the agency’s progress toward sending astronauts to the Moon and on to Mars during a televised event, Monday, March 11, 2019, at the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Representatives from the Kennedy workforce, news media, and social media were in attendance. NASA's Orion spacecraft, which is scheduled to be flown on Exploration Mission-2, was on display. For information on NASA's Moon to Mars plans, visit: www.nasa.gov/moontomars Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)
NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine talks to employees about the agency’s progress toward sending astronauts to the Moon and on to Mars during a televised event, Monday, March 11, 2019, at the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Representatives from the Kennedy workforce, news media, and social media were in attendance. NASA's Orion spacecraft, which is scheduled to be flown on Exploration Mission-2, was on display. For information on NASA's Moon to Mars plans, visit: www.nasa.gov/moontomars Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)
NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine talks to employees about the agency’s progress toward sending astronauts to the Moon and on to Mars during a televised event, Monday, March 11, 2019, at the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Representatives from the Kennedy workforce, news media, and social media were in attendance. NASA's Orion spacecraft, which is scheduled to be flown on Exploration Mission-2, was on display. For information on NASA's Moon to Mars plans, visit: www.nasa.gov/moontomars Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)
NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine talks to employees about the agency’s progress toward sending astronauts to the Moon and on to Mars during a televised event, Monday, March 11, 2019, at the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Representatives from the Kennedy workforce, news media, and social media were in attendance. NASA's Orion spacecraft, which is scheduled to be flown on Exploration Mission-2, was on display. For information on NASA's Moon to Mars plans, visit: www.nasa.gov/moontomars Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)
NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine talks to employees about the agency’s progress toward sending astronauts to the Moon and on to Mars during a televised event, Monday, March 11, 2019, at the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Representatives from the Kennedy workforce, news media, and social media were in attendance. NASA's Orion spacecraft, which is scheduled to be flown on Exploration Mission-2, was on display. For information on NASA's Moon to Mars plans, visit: www.nasa.gov/moontomars Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)
NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine talks to employees about the agency’s progress toward sending astronauts to the Moon and on to Mars during a televised event, Monday, March 11, 2019, at the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Representatives from the Kennedy workforce, news media, and social media were in attendance. NASA's Orion spacecraft, which is scheduled to be flown on Exploration Mission-2, was on display. For information on NASA's Moon to Mars plans, visit: www.nasa.gov/moontomars Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)
NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine talks to employees about the agency’s progress toward sending astronauts to the Moon and on to Mars during a televised event, Monday, March 11, 2019, at the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Representatives from the Kennedy workforce, news media, and social media were in attendance. NASA's Orion spacecraft, which is scheduled to be flown on Exploration Mission-2, was on display. For information on NASA's Moon to Mars plans, visit: www.nasa.gov/moontomars Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)
NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine talks to employees about the agency’s progress toward sending astronauts to the Moon and on to Mars during a televised event, Monday, March 11, 2019, at the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Representatives from the Kennedy workforce, news media, and social media were in attendance. NASA's Orion spacecraft, which is scheduled to be flown on Exploration Mission-2, was on display. For information on NASA's Moon to Mars plans, visit: www.nasa.gov/moontomars Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)
NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine talks to employees about the agency’s progress toward sending astronauts to the Moon and on to Mars during a televised event, Monday, March 11, 2019, at the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Representatives from the Kennedy workforce, news media, and social media were in attendance. NASA's Orion spacecraft, which is scheduled to be flown on Exploration Mission-2, was on display. For information on NASA's Moon to Mars plans, visit: www.nasa.gov/moontomars Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)
NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine talks to employees about the agency’s progress toward sending astronauts to the Moon and on to Mars during a televised event, Monday, March 11, 2019, at the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Representatives from the Kennedy workforce, news media, and social media were in attendance. NASA's Orion spacecraft, which is scheduled to be flown on Exploration Mission-2, was on display. For information on NASA's Moon to Mars plans, visit: www.nasa.gov/moontomars Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)
NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine talks to employees about the agency’s progress toward sending astronauts to the Moon and on to Mars during a televised event, Monday, March 11, 2019, at the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Representatives from the Kennedy workforce, news media, and social media were in attendance. NASA's Orion spacecraft, which is scheduled to be flown on Exploration Mission-2, was on display. For information on NASA's Moon to Mars plans, visit: www.nasa.gov/moontomars Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)
Catherine Koerner, deputy associate administrator for NASA's Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate, speaks during NASA’s Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Tuesday, June 27, 2023, at the Gaylord National Resort and Convention Center in National Harbor, Md. Following the release of the 2022 Architecture Concept Review, NASA is conducting the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia to inform the Moon to Mars mission architecture and operational delivery. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
Nujoud Merancy, architecture lead for NASA's Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate, speaks during NASA’s Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Tuesday, June 27, 2023, at the Gaylord National Resort and Convention Center in National Harbor, Md. Following the release of the 2022 Architecture Concept Review, NASA is conducting the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia to inform the Moon to Mars mission architecture and operational delivery. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
Attendees of NASA’s Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop pose for a group picture, Tuesday, June 27, 2023, at the Gaylord National Resort and Convention Center in National Harbor, Md. Following the release of the 2022 Architecture Concept Review, NASA is conducting the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia to inform the Moon to Mars mission architecture and operational delivery. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
Joel Kearns, deputy associate administrator for Exploration in NASA's Science Mission Directorate, speaks during NASA’s Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Tuesday, June 27, 2023, at the Gaylord National Resort and Convention Center in National Harbor, Md. Following the release of the 2022 Architecture Concept Review, NASA is conducting the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia to inform the Moon to Mars mission architecture and operational delivery. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
Patrick Forrester, special advisor in NASA's Space Operations Mission Directorate, speaks during NASA’s Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Tuesday, June 27, 2023, at the Gaylord National Resort and Convention Center in National Harbor, Md. Following the release of the 2022 Architecture Concept Review, NASA is conducting the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia to inform the Moon to Mars mission architecture and operational delivery. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
Michelle Munk, chief architect for NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate, speaks during NASA’s Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Tuesday, June 27, 2023, at the Gaylord National Resort and Convention Center in National Harbor, Md. Following the release of the 2022 Architecture Concept Review, NASA is conducting the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia to inform the Moon to Mars mission architecture and operational delivery. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
Catherine Koerner, deputy associate administrator for NASA's Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate, speaks during NASA’s Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Tuesday, June 27, 2023, at the Gaylord National Resort and Convention Center in National Harbor, Md. Following the release of the 2022 Architecture Concept Review, NASA is conducting the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia to inform the Moon to Mars mission architecture and operational delivery. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
The astronaut themed socks of NASA Associate Administrator Bob Cabana are seen during a Moon to Mars Town Hall, Thursday, May 18, 2023, at the Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Keegan Barber)
NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine speaks to NASA workers across the nation and members of the news media, during a Moon to Mars event in the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building high bay on March 11, 2019. The event followed the delivery of President Trump’s fiscal year 2020 budget proposal to U.S. Congress, which includes funding for the agency’s Moon to Mars initiative and Gateway lunar outpost. Bridenstine presented a closer look at America’s work to return astronauts to the Moon in a sustainable way and continue exploration to Mars.
NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine speaks to NASA workers across the nation and members of the news media, during a Moon to Mars event in the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building high bay on March 11, 2019. The event followed the delivery of President Trump’s fiscal year 2020 budget proposal to U.S. Congress, which includes funding for the agency’s Moon to Mars initiative and Gateway lunar outpost. Bridenstine presented a closer look at America’s work to return astronauts to the Moon in a sustainable way and continue exploration to Mars.
The audience listens as NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine talks about the agency’s progress toward sending astronauts to the Moon and on to Mars during a televised event, Monday, March 11, 2019, at the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Representatives from the Kennedy workforce, news media, and social media were in attendance. NASA's Orion spacecraft, which is scheduled to be flown on Exploration Mission-2, was on display. For information on NASA's Moon to Mars plans, visit: www.nasa.gov/moontomars Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)
NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine, left, talks to Kennedy Space Center Director Bob Cabana just before an event highlighting the agency’s progress toward sending astronauts to the Moon and on to Mars, Monday, March 11, 2019, at the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Representatives from the Kennedy workforce, news media, and social media were in attendance. NASA's Orion spacecraft, which is scheduled to be flown on Exploration Mission-2, was on display. For information on NASA's Moon to Mars plans, visit: www.nasa.gov/moontomars Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)
NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine talks about the Gateway that will be in lunar orbit during an event highlighting the agency’s progress toward sending astronauts to the Moon and on to Mars, Monday, March 11, 2019, at the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Representatives from the Kennedy workforce, news media, and social media were in attendance. NASA's Orion spacecraft, which is scheduled to be flown on Exploration Mission-2, was on display. For information on NASA's Moon to Mars plans, visit: www.nasa.gov/moontomars Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)
NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine talks to astronaut Karen Nyberg who provides a tour by video, of the mockup Orion crew capsule at Johnson Space Center, during an event to discuss NASA’s progress toward sending astronauts to the Moon and on to Mars, Monday, March 11, 2019, at the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Representatives from the Kennedy workforce, news media and social media were in attendance. For information on NASA's Moon to Mars plans, visit: www.nasa.gov/moontomars Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)
NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy delivers opening remarks during NASA’s Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Tuesday, June 27, 2023, at the Gaylord National Resort and Convention Center in National Harbor, Md. Following the release of the 2022 Architecture Concept Review, NASA is conducting the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia to inform the Moon to Mars mission architecture and operational delivery. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy delivers opening remarks during NASA’s Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Tuesday, June 27, 2023, at the Gaylord National Resort and Convention Center in National Harbor, Md. Following the release of the 2022 Architecture Concept Review, NASA is conducting the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia to inform the Moon to Mars mission architecture and operational delivery. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
NASA Deputy Administrator Pam Melroy delivers opening remarks during NASA’s Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Tuesday, June 27, 2023, at the Gaylord National Resort and Convention Center in National Harbor, Md. Following the release of the 2022 Architecture Concept Review, NASA is conducting the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia to inform the Moon to Mars mission architecture and operational delivery. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine, at the podium up front, speaks to NASA workers across the nation and members of the news media, during a Moon to Mars event in the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building high bay on March 11, 2019. Behind him is the Orion crew module for Exploration Mission-2. The event followed the delivery of President Trump’s fiscal year 2020 budget proposal to U.S. Congress, which includes funding for the agency’s Moon to Mars initiative and Gateway lunar outpost. Bridenstine presented a closer look at America’s work to return astronauts to the Moon in a sustainable way and continue exploration to Mars.
NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine speaks to NASA workers across the nation and members of the news media, during a Moon to Mars event in the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building high bay on March 11, 2019. Behind him is the Orion crew module for Exploration Mission-2. The event followed the delivery of President Trump’s fiscal year 2020 budget proposal to U.S. Congress, which includes funding for the agency’s Moon to Mars initiative and Gateway lunar outpost. Bridenstine presented a closer look at America’s work to return astronauts to the Moon in a sustainable way and continue exploration to Mars.
NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine speaks to NASA workers across the nation and members of the news media, during a Moon to Mars event in the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building high bay on March 11, 2019. Behind him is the Orion crew module for Exploration Mission-2. The event followed the delivery of President Trump’s fiscal year 2020 budget proposal to U.S. Congress, which includes funding for the agency’s Moon to Mars initiative and Gateway lunar outpost. Bridenstine presented a closer look at America’s work to return astronauts to the Moon in a sustainable way and continue exploration to Mars.
During a Moon to Mars event March 11, 2019, in the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building high bay at Kennedy Space Center in Florida, NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine speaks to astronaut Karen Nyberg, on screen. Nyberg is in a test version of the Orion crew module at the agency’s Johnson Space Center in Houston. Bridenstine spoke to NASA workers across the nation and members of the news media, following the delivery of President Trump’s fiscal year 2020 budget proposal to U.S. Congress, which includes funding for the agency’s Moon to Mars initiative and Gateway lunar outpost. Bridenstine presented a closer look at America’s work to return astronauts to the Moon in a sustainable way and continue exploration to Mars.
NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine speaks to NASA workers across the nation and members of the news media, during a Moon to Mars event in the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building high bay on March 11, 2019. Behind him is the Orion crew module for Exploration Mission-2. The event followed the delivery of President Trump’s fiscal year 2020 budget proposal to U.S. Congress, which includes funding for the agency’s Moon to Mars initiative and Gateway lunar outpost. Bridenstine presented a closer look at America’s work to return astronauts to the Moon in a sustainable way and continue exploration to Mars.
NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine speaks toNASA workers across the nation and members of the news media, during a Moon to Mars event in the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building high bay on March 11, 2019. Behind him is the Orion crew module for Exploration Mission-2. The event followed the delivery of President Trump’s fiscal year 2020 budget proposal to U.S. Congress, which includes funding for the agency’s Moon to Mars initiative and Gateway lunar outpost. Bridenstine presented a closer look at America’s work to return astronauts to the Moon in a sustainable way and continue exploration to Mars.
NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine, right, talks to Lisa Callahan, vice president, Lockheed Martin, left, during a tour after the Moon to Mars event, Monday, March 11, 2019, at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)
This view of the two moons of Mars comes from a set of images taken by NASA Mars rover Curiosity as the larger moon, Phobos, passed in front of the smaller one, Deimos, from Curiosity perspective, on Aug. 1, 2013.
Bob Cabana, director of NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, gives a thumbs up as he speaks to NASA workers and members of the news media, during a Moon to Mars event in the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building high bay on March 11, 2019. The event followed the delivery of President Trump’s fiscal year 2020 budget proposal to U.S. Congress, which includes funding for the agency’s Moon to Mars initiative and Gateway lunar outpost.
Bob Cabana, director of NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, speaks to NASA workers across the nation and members of the news media, during a Moon to Mars event in the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building high bay on March 11, 2019. The event followed the delivery of President Trump’s fiscal year 2020 budget proposal to U.S. Congress, which includes funding for the agency’s Moon to Mars initiative and Gateway lunar outpost.
Bob Cabana, director of NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, speaks toNASA workers and members of the news media, during a Moon to Mars event in the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building high bay on March 11, 2019. The event followed the delivery of President Trump’s fiscal year 2020 budget proposal to U.S. Congress, which includes funding for the agency’s Moon to Mars initiative and Gateway lunar outpost.
Michelle Munk, chief architect for NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate, left, answers a question alongside Joel Kearns, deputy associate administrator for Exploration in NASA's Science Mission Directorate, during NASA’s Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Tuesday, June 27, 2023, at the Gaylord National Resort and Convention Center in National Harbor, Md. Following the release of the 2022 Architecture Concept Review, NASA is conducting the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia to inform the Moon to Mars mission architecture and operational delivery. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
Michelle Munk, chief architect for NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate, left, and Joel Kearns, deputy associate administrator for Exploration in NASA's Science Mission Directorate, are seen during NASA’s Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Tuesday, June 27, 2023, at the Gaylord National Resort and Convention Center in National Harbor, Md. Following the release of the 2022 Architecture Concept Review, NASA is conducting the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia to inform the Moon to Mars mission architecture and operational delivery. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
Nujoud Merancy, architecture lead for NASA's Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate, left, and Catherine Koerner, deputy associate administrator for NASA's Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate, are seen during NASA’s Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Tuesday, June 27, 2023, at the Gaylord National Resort and Convention Center in National Harbor, Md. Following the release of the 2022 Architecture Concept Review, NASA is conducting the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia to inform the Moon to Mars mission architecture and operational delivery. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
Nujoud Merancy, architecture lead for NASA's Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate, left, and Catherine Koerner, deputy associate administrator for NASA's Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate, are seen during NASA’s Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Tuesday, June 27, 2023, at the Gaylord National Resort and Convention Center in National Harbor, Md. Following the release of the 2022 Architecture Concept Review, NASA is conducting the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia to inform the Moon to Mars mission architecture and operational delivery. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine talks to Glenn Research Center facility manager, Deb Waters, and aerospace engineer, Dave Jacobson, who are inside the vacuum chamber showing one of the Hall Effect Thrusters by video, Monday, March 11, 2019, at the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Representatives from the Kennedy workforce, news media and social media were in attendance. For information on NASA's Moon to Mars plans, visit: www.nasa.gov/moontomars Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)
Catherine Koerner, deputy associate administrator for NASA's Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate, center, is seen alongside Nujoud Merancy, architecture lead for NASA's Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate, left, and Patrick Forrester, special advisor in NASA's Space Operations Mission Directorate, right, during NASA’s Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Tuesday, June 27, 2023, at the Gaylord National Resort and Convention Center in National Harbor, Md. Following the release of the 2022 Architecture Concept Review, NASA is conducting the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia to inform the Moon to Mars mission architecture and operational delivery. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
Catherine Koerner, deputy associate administrator for NASA's Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate, center, is seen alongside Nujoud Merancy, architecture lead for NASA's Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate, left, and Patrick Forrester, special advisor in NASA's Space Operations Mission Directorate, right, during NASA’s Moon to Mars Architecture Workshop, Tuesday, June 27, 2023, at the Gaylord National Resort and Convention Center in National Harbor, Md. Following the release of the 2022 Architecture Concept Review, NASA is conducting the workshop to engage the broader space community and collect feedback from U.S. industry and academia to inform the Moon to Mars mission architecture and operational delivery. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)
Moon/Mars Landing Commemorative Release: Gusev Crater and Maadim Vallis
Phobos and Deimos, the moons of Mars, are seen by the Mars Odyssey orbiter's Thermal Emission Imaging System, or THEMIS, camera. The images were taken in visible-wavelength light. THEMIS also recorded thermal-infrared imagery in the same scan. The apparent motion is due to progression of the camera's pointing during the 17-second span of the February 15, 2018, observation, not from motion of the two moons. This was the second observation of Phobos by Mars Odyssey; the first was on September 29, 2017. Researchers have been using THEMIS to examine Mars since early 2002, but the maneuver turning the orbiter around to point the camera at Phobos was developed only recently. The distance to Phobos from Odyssey during the observation was about 3,489 miles (5,615 kilometers). The distance to Deimos from Odyssey during the observation was about 12,222 miles (19,670 kilometers). An animation is available at https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA22248
New modeling indicates that the grooves on Mars’ moon Phobos could be produced by tidal forces – the mutual gravitational pull of the planet and the moon. Initially, scientists had thought the grooves were created by the massive impact that made Stickney crater (lower right). Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona Read more: <a href="http://go.nasa.gov/1RLCS1v" rel="nofollow">go.nasa.gov/1RLCS1v</a> <b><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/audience/formedia/features/MP_Photo_Guidelines.html" rel="nofollow">NASA image use policy.</a></b> <b><a href="http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/home/index.html" rel="nofollow">NASA Goddard Space Flight Center</a></b> enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. <b>Follow us on <a href="http://twitter.com/NASAGoddardPix" rel="nofollow">Twitter</a></b> <b>Like us on <a href="http://www.facebook.com/pages/Greenbelt-MD/NASA-Goddard/395013845897?ref=tsd" rel="nofollow">Facebook</a></b> <b>Find us on <a href="http://instagrid.me/nasagoddard/?vm=grid" rel="nofollow">Instagram</a></b>
NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine talks to Glenn Research Center aerospace engineer, Dave Jacobson, left, and facility manager, Deb Waters, who are inside the vacuum chamber showing one of the Hall Effect Thrusters by video, Monday, March 11, 2019, at the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Representatives from the Kennedy workforce, news media and social media were in attendance. For information on NASA's Moon to Mars plans, visit: www.nasa.gov/moontomars Photo credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)
This is the first image of Earth ever taken from another planet that actually shows our home as a planetary disk. Because Earth and the Moon are closer to the Sun than Mars, they exhibit phases, just as the Moon, Venus, & Mercury do when viewed from Earth