Mission Specialist Lacy Veach in the aft flight deck reviewing a procedures manual.

iss053e061054 (9/29/2017) --- European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Paolo Nespoli, setting up the Mobile Procedure Viewer (MobiPV), in the U.S. Laboratory aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The Mobile Procedure Viewer (mobiPV) experiment demonstrates new technologies and operations concepts for ISS crew procedure execution as task support, both for on board crew, and for the supporting ground expert team.

STS062-12-015 (4-18 March 1994) --- On Coumbia's middeck, astronaut Andrew M. Allen, pilot, looks over a procedures book in the midst of a 14-day mission. Allen is attired in a new thermally controlled undergarment. As part of a detailed test objective, both Allen and John H. Casper, mission commander, wore the undergarments during the launch and entry phases of the flight.

Procedure for Finding New Impact Sites on Mars Using the Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera

iss055e005656 (March 26, 2018) --- Expedition 55 Flight Engineers (from left) Norishige Kanai, Ricky Arnold and Drew Feustel gather inside the Unity module and take part in a spacewalk procedure conference with specialists on the ground at the Mission Control Center in Houston, Texas.

ISS030-E-047177 (23 Jan. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kononenko, Expedition 30 flight engineer, reads a procedures checklist in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station.

ISS030-E-078304 (16 Feb. 2012) --- NASA astronaut Don Pettit, Expedition 30 flight engineer, reads a procedures checklist in the Zarya Functional Cargo Block (FGB) of the International Space Station as the crew prepares for a session of extravehicular activity (EVA) to continue outfitting the International Space Station.

S66-21296 (1967) --- This is a medium exterior view of the Dynamic Crew Procedures Trainer, Command Module configuration, one of the Apollo astronaut training components located in the Mission Simulation and Training Facility, Building 5, Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, Texas. Photo credit: NASA

S119-E-006660 (19 March 2009) --- Astronauts Michael Fincke (left), Expedition 18 commander; and Tony Antonelli, STS-119 pilot, look over procedures checklists in the Quest Airlock of the International Space Station while Space Shuttle Discovery remains docked with the station.

S134-E-010904 (30 May 2011) --- NASA astronaut Greg Chamitoff, STS-134 mission specialist, reads a procedures checklist while working on the aft flight deck of space shuttle Endeavour during flight day 15 activities. Photo credit: NASA

S61-03506 (1961) --- Project Mercury astronaut M. Scott Carpenter, prime pilot for the United States second manned orbital flight, undergoes a simulated mission in the procedures trainer at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia, headquarters for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration?s Manned Spacecraft Center. Photo credit: NASA

ISS030-E-173911 (24 March 2012) --- NASA astronaut Dan Burbank, Expedition 30 commander, reviews crew procedures in the Kibo laboratory of the International Space Station as crew members prepare to move to the appropriate Soyuz vehicles, due to the possibility that space debris could pass close to the station. Burbank, Shkaplerov and Ivanishin sheltered in the Soyuz TMA-22 spacecraft attached to the Poisk Mini-Research Module 2 (MRM2) while Kononenko, Kuipers and Pettit took to the Soyuz TMA-03M docked to the Rassvet Mini-Research Module 1 (MRM-1).

ISS030-E-171113 (24 March 2012) --- NASA astronaut Dan Burbank (wearing a communication headset), Expedition 30 commander; and European Space Agency astronaut Andre Kuipers, flight engineer, review crew procedures in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station in preparation of moving to the appropriate Soyuz vehicles, due to the possibility that space debris could pass close to the station. Burbank, Shkaplerov and Ivanishin sheltered in the Soyuz TMA-22 spacecraft attached to the Poisk Mini-Research Module 2 (MRM2) while Kononenko, Kuipers and Pettit took to the Soyuz TMA-03M docked to the Rassvet Mini-Research Module 1 (MRM-1).

ISS030-E-171107 (24 March 2012) --- NASA astronaut Dan Burbank (left), Expedition 30 commander; and Russian cosmonaut Anton Shkaplerov, flight engineer, wearing communication headsets, review crew procedures in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station in preparation of moving to the appropriate Soyuz vehicles, due to the possibility that space debris could pass close to the station. Burbank, Shkaplerov and Ivanishin sheltered in the Soyuz TMA-22 spacecraft attached to the Poisk Mini-Research Module 2 (MRM2) while Kononenko, Kuipers and Pettit took to the Soyuz TMA-03M docked to the Rassvet Mini-Research Module 1 (MRM-1).

Expedition 29/30 ISS Habitability Equipment and Procedures training in ISS mockups. Photo Date: May 17, 2011. Location: Bldg. 9NW - ISS Mockups. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

Expedition 29/30 ISS Habitability Equipment and Procedures training in ISS mockups. Photo Date: May 17, 2011. Location: Bldg. 9NW - ISS Mockups. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

Expedition 29/30 ISS Habitability Equipment and Procedures training in ISS mockups. Photo Date: May 17, 2011. Location: Bldg. 9NW - ISS Mockups. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

Expedition 29/30 ISS Habitability Equipment and Procedures training in ISS mockups. Photo Date: May 17, 2011. Location: Bldg. 9NW - ISS Mockups. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

Expedition 29/30 ISS Habitability Equipment and Procedures training in ISS mockups. Photo Date: May 17, 2011. Location: Bldg. 9NW - ISS Mockups. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

ISS017-E-017118 (20 Sept. 2008) --- Astronaut Greg Chamitoff, Expedition 17 flight engineer, looks over procedures checklists in the Unity node of the International Space Station.

Expedition 29/30 ISS Habitability Equipment and Procedures training in ISS mockups. Photo Date: May 17, 2011. Location: Bldg. 9NW - ISS Mockups. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

S62-01021 (1962) --- Astronaut John H. Glenn Jr. during training procedures in a trainer at the McDonnell Douglas training facility in St. Louis, Missouri. Photo credit: NASA

Expedition 29/30 ISS Habitability Equipment and Procedures training in ISS mockups. Photo Date: May 17, 2011. Location: Bldg. 9NW - ISS Mockups. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

Expedition 29/30 ISS Habitability Equipment and Procedures training in ISS mockups. Photo Date: May 17, 2011. Location: Bldg. 9NW - ISS Mockups. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

Expedition 29/30 ISS Habitability Equipment and Procedures training in ISS mockups. Photo Date: May 17, 2011. Location: Bldg. 9NW - ISS Mockups. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

S117-E-06611 (9 June 2007) --- Astronaut Rick Sturckow, STS-117 commander, looks over procedures checklists while seated at the commander's station on the flight deck of Space Shuttle Atlantis.

S117-E-06650 (9 June 2007) --- Astronaut Patrick Forrester, STS-117 mission specialist, looks over procedures checklists on the middeck of the Space Shuttle Atlantis.

iss072e063703 (Oct. 15, 2024) --- NASA astronauts Nick Hague and Suni Williams, Expedition 72 Flight Engineer and Commander respectively, discuss orbital lab maintenance procedures aboard the International Space Station.

S117-E-06672 (9 June 2007) --- Astronaut John "Danny" Olivas, STS-117 mission specialist, looks over procedures checklists on the middeck of the Space Shuttle Atlantis.

Expedition 29/30 ISS Habitability Equipment and Procedures training in ISS mockups. Photo Date: May 17, 2011. Location: Bldg. 9NW - ISS Mockups. Photographer: Robert Markowitz.

All six Expedition 43 crewmembers are gathered in the Destiny laboratory on board the International Space Station on Mar 30, 2015 after an emergency procedures training period. The six members include Russian cosmonauts Mikhail Kornienko, Anton Shkaplerov, Gennady Padalka, NASA Astronaut Scott Kelly, ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti, and Expedition 43 commander US astronaut Terry Virts.

ISS043E069815 (03/30/2015) --- All six Expedition 43 crewmembers are gathered in the Destiny laboratory on board the International Space Station on Mar 30, 2015 after an emergency procedures training period. The six members include Russian cosmonauts Mikhail Kornienko (top left), Anton Shkaplerov, Gennady Padalka, NASA Astronaut Scott Kelly, ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti (bottom left), and Expedition 43 commander US astronaut Terry Virts.

JSC2009-E-053508 (6 March 2009) --- Cosmonaut Oleg Kotov, Expedition 22 flight engineer and Expedition 23 commander, participates in an emergency procedure training session in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA?s Johnson Space Center.

JSC2009-E-053502 (6 March 2009) --- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Soichi Noguchi, Expedition 22/23 flight engineer, participates in an emergency procedure training session in an International Space Station mock-up/trainer in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA?s Johnson Space Center.

ISS013-E-49432 (9 July 2006) --- European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Thomas Reiter (foreground) of Germany and astronaut Stephanie D. Wilson, STS-121 mission specialist, look over procedures checklists in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station.

JSC2009-E-053507 (6 March 2009) --- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Soichi Noguchi (left), Expedition 22/23 flight engineer, participates in an emergency procedure training session in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA?s Johnson Space Center.

ISS024-E-014988 (15 Sept. 2010) --- NASA astronaut Tracy Caldwell Dyson, Expedition 24 flight engineer, conducts a demonstration for the "Kids in Space" session for Water Absorption Flight Procedures #40 in the Columbus laboratory of the International Space Station.

ISS024-E-014993 (15 Sept. 2010) --- NASA astronaut Tracy Caldwell Dyson, Expedition 24 flight engineer, conducts a demonstration for the "Kids in Space" session for Water Absorption Flight Procedures #40 in the Columbus laboratory of the International Space Station.

JSC2009-E-053501 (6 March 2009) --- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Soichi Noguchi, Expedition 22/23 flight engineer, participates in an emergency procedure training session in an International Space Station mock-up/trainer in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA?s Johnson Space Center.

S62-01033 (1961) --- Project Mercury astronaut M. Scott Carpenter, prime pilot for the United States second manned orbital flight, undergoes a simulated mission in the procedures trainer at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia, headquarters for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration?s Manned Spacecraft Center. Photo credit: NASA

ISS030-E-171111 (24 March 2012) --- NASA astronaut Dan Burbank (left), Expedition 30 commander; along with Russian cosmonaut Anton Shkaplerov (center) and European Space Agency astronaut Andre Kuipers, both flight engineers, review crew procedures in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station in preparation of moving to the appropriate Soyuz vehicles, due to the possibility that space debris could pass close to the station. Burbank, Shkaplerov and Ivanishin sheltered in the Soyuz TMA-22 spacecraft attached to the Poisk Mini-Research Module 2 (MRM2) while Kononenko, Kuipers and Pettit took to the Soyuz TMA-03M docked to the Rassvet Mini-Research Module 1 (MRM-1).

S68-50646 (18 Oct. 1968) --- The prime crew of the Apollo 8 mission is photographed in Building 4, at the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC), where they are participating in classroom work in burn test review and procedures review. Left to right, are astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., William A. Anders, and Frank Borman.

This photograph was taken in the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Neutral Buoyancy Simulator (NBS) during the testing of an emergency procedure to deploy a twin-pole sunshade to protect the orbiting workshop from overheating due to the loss of its thermal shield. The spacecraft suffered damage to its sunshield during its launch on May 14, 1973. This photograph shows the base plate used to hold the twin-pole in place, the bag to hold the fabric sail, and the lines that were used to draw the sail into place. Extensive testing and many hours of practice in simulators, such as the NBS, helped prepare the Skylab crewmen for extravehicular performance in the weightless environment. This huge water tank simulated the weightless environment that the astronauts would encounter in space.

STS006-06-456 (4-9 April 1983) --- Astronaut Paul J. Weitz, STS-6 commander, points out an item in the crew activity plan (CAP) to astronaut Donald H. Peterson as the mission specialist uses a spoon to eat a meal aboard the Earth-orbiting space shuttle Challenger. The two are on the middeck. They are wearing the shirt and trouser portions of the blue cotton multi-piece constant wear garments. This frame was photographed with a 35mm camera. Photo credit: NASA

ISS006-E-08611 (18 December 2002) --- Astronaut Donald R. Pettit, Expedition Six NASA ISS science officer, looks over a procedures checklist in the Zvezda Service Module (SM) on the International Space Station (ISS). Pettit went on to complete the scheduled Week 3 potable water sampling and on-orbit chemical/microbial analysis of the SM environment control and life support system.

JSC2009-E-053506 (6 March 2009) --- Cosmonaut Oleg Kotov (seated center), Expedition 22 flight engineer and Expedition 23 commander; along with Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Soichi Noguchi (right) and NASA astronaut T.J. Creamer, both Expedition 22/23 flight engineers, are pictured during an emergency procedure training session in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA?s Johnson Space Center.

JSC2009-E-053497 (6 March 2009) --- Cosmonaut Oleg Kotov (left), Expedition 22 flight engineer and Expedition 23 commander; along with Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Soichi Noguchi (right) and NASA astronaut T.J. Creamer (partially obscured), both Expedition 22/23 flight engineers, participate in an emergency procedure training session in an International Space Station mock-up/trainer in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA?s Johnson Space Center.

JSC2009-E-053504 (6 March 2009) --- NASA astronaut T.J. Creamer (foreground) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Soichi Noguchi (left), both Expedition 22/23 flight engineers; along with cosmonaut Oleg Kotov (center background), Expedition 22 flight engineer and Expedition 23 commander, participate in an emergency procedure training session in an International Space Station mock-up/trainer in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA?s Johnson Space Center.

S66-51581 (June 1966) --- Prime crew for the first manned Apollo mission practice water egress procedures with full scale boilerplate model of their spacecraft. In the water at right is astronaut Edward H. White (foreground) and astronaut Roger B. Chaffee. In raft near the spacecraft is astronaut Virgil I. Grissom. NASA swimmers are in the water to assist in the practice session that took place at Ellington AFB, near the Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston.

ISS013-E-10225 (26 April 2006) --- Cosmonaut Pavel V. Vinogradov, Expedition 13 commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, practices docking procedures with the TORU teleoperated control system in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station in preparation for the docking of the Progress 21 spacecraft. Vinogradov, using the Simvol-TS screen and hand controllers, could manually dock the Progress to the station in the event of a failure of the Kurs automated docking system.

S73-31323 (30 June 1973) --- Astronaut Jack R. Lousma, Skylab 3 pilot, practices procedures for extravehicular activity (EVA) in his Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) spacesuit during Skylab 3 prelaunch training at Johnson Space Center. He is working with a mock-up of a trunion plug plate which is on the space station's deployment assembly. Photo credit: NASA

STS063-25-017 (3-11 Feb 1995) --- On the Space Shuttle Discovery's flight deck, astronaut Janice E. Voss, mission specialist, looks over a procedures list while operating the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) arm. Voss was joined by four other NASA astronauts and a Russian cosmonaut for eight days in space, was making her second space flight.

JSC2009-E-053505 (6 March 2009) --- Cosmonaut Oleg Kotov (left), Expedition 22 flight engineer and Expedition 23 commander; and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Soichi Noguchi, Expedition 22/23 flight engineer, participate in an emergency procedure training session in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA?s Johnson Space Center.

JSC2009-E-053495 (6 March 2009) --- Cosmonaut Oleg Kotov (left background), Expedition 22 flight engineer and Expedition 23 commander; along with Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Soichi Noguchi (right background) and NASA astronaut T.J. Creamer (partially obscured), both Expedition 22/23 flight engineers, participate in an emergency procedure training session in an International Space Station mock-up/trainer in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA?s Johnson Space Center.

iss073e0814523 (Sept. 18, 2025) --- NASA astronaut and Expedition 73 Flight Engineer Jonny Kim reviews procedures on a computer tablet before opening the hatch to the Cygnus XL cargo spacecraft from Northrop Grumman. He was preparing to open Cygnus' hatch to begin unloading about 11,000 pounds of new science and supplies for the Expedition 73 crew.

ISS003-E-6630 (14 October 2001) --- Cosmonaut Vladimir N. Dezhurov (foreground) holds a model of the International Space Station (ISS) as cosmonaut Mikhail Tyurin reads a procedures checklist in the Zvezda Service Module on the ISS. Dezhurov and Tyurin are both Expedition Three flight engineers representing Rosaviakosmos. This image was taken with a digital still camera.

S89-39537 (July 1989) --- Two astronaut-crewmembers for NASA's STS-34 mission are briefed on inflight maintenance procedures on the mid-deck of the Space Shuttle crew compartment trainer in JSC's Shuttle mockup and integration laboratory. They are Ellen S. Baker and Michael J. McCulley, mission specialist and pilot, respectively for the scheduled Oct. 1989 mission aboard the Atlantis.

ISS006-E-08610 (18 December 2002) --- Astronaut Donald R. Pettit, Expedition Six NASA ISS science officer, looks over a procedures checklist in the Zvezda Service Module (SM) on the International Space Station (ISS). Pettit went on to complete the scheduled Week 3 potable water sampling and on-orbit chemical/microbial analysis of the SM environment control and life support system.

JSC2009-E-053503 (6 March 2009) --- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Soichi Noguchi, Expedition 22/23 flight engineer, uses a communication system during an emergency procedure training session in an International Space Station mock-up/trainer in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA?s Johnson Space Center.

JSC2009-E-053496 (6 March 2009) --- Cosmonaut Oleg Kotov (right), Expedition 22 flight engineer and Expedition 23 commander; along with Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Soichi Noguchi (center) and NASA astronaut T.J. Creamer, both Expedition 22/23 flight engineers, look over checklists during an emergency procedure training session in an International Space Station mock-up/trainer in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA?s Johnson Space Center.

iss072e014350 (Oct. 4, 2024) --- NASA astronaut and Expedition 72 Commander Suni Williams checks procedures on a computer tablet while installing experiment samples inside the International Space Station's Combustion Integrated Rack. Williams was conducting research operations for the Solid Fuel Ignition and Extinction experiment that explores how a variety of materials burn in weightlessness to improve fire safety on spacecraft.

S127-E-006245 (16 July 2009) --- Astronaut Doug Hurley, STS-127 pilot, reads a procedures checklist on the aft flight deck of Space Shuttle Endeavour during flight day two activities.

ISS006-E-08605 (18 December 2002) --- Astronaut Donald R. Pettit, Expedition Six NASA ISS science officer, looks over a procedures checklist in the Zvezda Service Module on the International Space Station (ISS).

ISS015-E-22164 (12 Aug. 2007) --- Astronaut Scott Kelly, STS-118 commander, looks over procedures checklists on the aft flight deck of Space Shuttle Endeavour while docked with the International Space Station.

S116-E-05409 (11 Dec. 2006) --- Astronaut Joan E. Higginbotham, STS-116 mission specialist, looks over procedures checklists in a hatch on Space Shuttle Discovery during flight day three activities.

S117-E-06666 (9 June 2007) --- Astronaut John "Danny" Olivas, STS-117 mission specialist, looks over procedures checklists on the middeck of the Space Shuttle Atlantis.

S93-29830 (4 Nov 1992) --- Inside the Spacelab D-2 module in the Operations and Checkout Building high bay, STS-55 Mission Commander Steven R. Nagel (left) and Pilot Terence T. Henricks are participating in a mission sequence test to check out experiment steps and procedures which will be conducted on-orbit. Spacelab D-2, the second German Spacelab, is scheduled to fly on space shuttle mission STS-55 in 1993.

STS078-397-010 (20 June - 7 July 1996) --- Payload specialist Jean-Jacques Favier, representing the French Space Agency (CNES), and astronaut Kevin R. Kregel, pilot, perform a successful Inflight Maintenance (IFM) on the Bubble Drop Particle Unit (BDPU). The IFM technique was performed initially on the ground at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) by alternate payload specialist Pedro Duque of the European Space Agency (ESA), with the procedure being recorded on video and uplinked to the crew of the Space Shuttle Columbia to aid in the repair.

STS063-312-020 (3-11 Feb. 1995) --- Astronaut Eileen M. Collins, pilot, at the pilot's station during "hotfiring" procedure to clear leaking thruster prior to rendezvous with Russia's Mir Space Station. Others onboard the Space Shuttle Discovery were astronauts James D. Wetherbee, mission commander; Bernard A. Harris, Jr., payload commander; mission specialists C. Michael Foale and Janice E. Voss, and cosmonaut Vladimir G. Titov. This is one of 16 still photographs released by the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) Public Affairs Office (PAO) on February 14, 1995.

JSC2003-E-59139 (15 October 2003) --- Astronauts C. Michael Foale (right) and William S. (Bill) McArthur, Jr., prime and backup Expedition 8 mission commander and NASA ISS science officer, respectively, practice procedures with a satellite phone during final training at their crew quarters in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Expedition 8 is scheduled to launch from the Baikonur Cosmodrome on October 18 onboard a Soyuz rocket to the International Space Station (ISS). Foale will be joined for launch by cosmonaut Alexander Y. Kaleri, Soyuz commander and flight engineer, and European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Pedro Duque of Spain. Photo Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls

S116-E-05325 (10 Dec. 2006) --- Astronaut Nicholas J. M. Patrick, STS-116 mission specialist, looks over a procedures checklist on the aft flight deck of Space Shuttle Discovery during flight day two activities.

S116-E-07787 (21 Dec. 2006) --- Astronauts Mark L. Polansky (left) and William A. (Bill) Oefelein, STS-116 commander and pilot, respectively, look over procedures checklists on the forward flight deck of Space Shuttle Discovery during flight day 13 activities.

S127-E-006234 (16 July 2009) --- Canadian Space Agency astronaut Julie Payette, STS-127 mission specialist, reads a procedures checklist on the aft flight deck of Space Shuttle Endeavour during flight day two activities.

S116-E-05252 (10 Dec. 2006) --- Astronauts Mark L. Polansky (background) and William A. (Bill) Oefelein, STS-116 commander and pilot, respectively, look over procedures checklists on the flight deck of Space Shuttle Discovery during flight day two activities.

S116-E-05536 (11 Dec. 2006) --- Astronaut Nicholas J. M. Patrick, STS-116 mission specialist, looks over procedures checklists on the aft flight deck of Space Shuttle Discovery during flight day three activities.

This photograph was taken during testing of an emergency procedure to free jammed solar array panels on the Skylab workshop. A metal strap became tangled over one of the folded solar array panels when Skylab lost its micrometeoroid shield during the launch. This photograph shows astronauts Schweickart and Gibson in the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Neutral Buoyancy Simulator (NBS) using various cutting tools and methods developed by the MSFC to free the jammed solar wing. Extensive testing and many hours of practice in simulators such as the NBS tank helped prepare the Skylab crewmen for extravehicular performance in the weightless environment. This huge water tank simulated the weightless environment that the astronauts would encounter in space.

STS056-39-010 (8-17 April 1993) --- Astronaut Kenneth D. Cameron mans the mission commander's station during an orbiter maneuver aboard the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Discovery. Astronaut Stephen S. Oswald, pilot, is partially visible at right edge of the frame. The two were joined by three other NASA astronauts for nine days of science in support of the Atlas 2 mission in Earth orbit.

STS-31 Mission Specialist (MS) Kathryn D. Sullivan, wearing extravehicular mobility unit (EMU) & communications carrier assembly (CCA), attaches service and cooling umbilical (SCU) to the EMU connection on the display & control module (DCM) during contingency extravehicular activity (EVA) preparations in the airlock of Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103. The procedure was completed in case an EVA was required to support Hubble Space Telescope (HST) deployment.

S70-34851 (11 April 1970) --- A space suit technician talks with astronaut Fred W. Haise Jr., lunar module pilot for NASA's Apollo 13 mission, during suiting up procedures at Kennedy Space Center (KSC). Other members of the crew are astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., commander, and John L. Swigert Jr., command module pilot. Swigert replaced astronaut Thomas K. Mattingly II as a member of the crew when it was learned he had been exposed to measles.

ISS003-E-6754 (October 2001) --- Cosmonaut Vladimir N. Dezhurov, Expedition Three flight engineer, wearing a Russian Sokol suit, checks a procedures checklist in the Soyuz spacecraft that is docked to the International Space Station (ISS). This Soyuz return vehicle will be moved from the Earth-facing port of the Zarya module for the linkup to the new Pirs Docking Compartment. The move of the Soyuz will mark the first time the new Pirs, which arrived at the station September 17, 2001, will serve as a docking port. The Soyuz will be shifted to prepare for the arrival of a new Soyuz return craft, to be launched October 21, 2001 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. The Soyuz can serve as a crew return vehicle at the station for a maximum of about six months. Dezhurov represents Rosaviakosmos. This image was taken with a digital still camera.

This is an illustration of the analytical procedure of NASA Phoenix Mars Lander Wet Chemistry Lab WCL on board the Microscopy, Electrochemistry, and Conductivity Analyzer MECA instrument.

This is an illustration of the analytical procedure of NASA Phoenix Mars Lander Wet Chemistry Lab WCL on board the Microscopy, Electrochemistry, and Conductivity Analyzer MECA instrument.

STS050-291-027 (25 June-9 July 1992) --- Astronaut Bonnie J. Dunbar uses a Doppler to collect medical data from Lawrence J. DeLucas, payload specialist, during his diagnostic "run" in the Lower Body Negative Pressure device (LBNP). The Doppler is used to pick up high-frequency sound waves from the surface of the heart, thus producing pictures on the monitor of the American Flight Echocardiograph (AFE). The result of the LBNP procedure is expected to be an increased tolerance of orthostatis - or standing upright - upon return to Earth's gravity. LBNP has been used a number of times in the United States space program, as early as the Skylab missions. STS-50 is the fourth flight of the current collapsible unit. Researchers are refining the LBNP protocol which will be used operationally on future 13 through 16 day missions.

S62-04047 (24 May 1962) --- Close-up of astronaut M. Scott Carpenter inside his Aurora 7 spacecraft before the launch of the Mercury-Atlas 7 (MA-7) mission. Photo credit: NASA

ISS030-E-171108 (24 March 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kononenko, Expedition 30 flight engineer, wearing a communication headset, is pictured in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station as crew members prepare for their move to the appropriate Soyuz vehicles, due to the possibility that space debris could pass close to the station. Burbank, Shkaplerov and Ivanishin sheltered in the Soyuz TMA-22 spacecraft attached to the Poisk Mini-Research Module 2 (MRM2) while Kononenko, Kuipers and Pettit took to the Soyuz TMA-03M docked to the Rassvet Mini-Research Module 1 (MRM-1).

STS072-302-029 (11-20 Jan. 1996) --- Astronaut Brent W. Jett Jr. mans the pilot’s station aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour during rendezvous operations with the Japanese Space Flyer Unit (SFU). The pilot joined five other astronauts for a week a half aboard Endeavour in Earth-orbit.

S121-E-07237 (13 July 2006) --- European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Thomas Reiter, Expedition 13 flight engineer, looks over a procedures checklist in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station while Space Shuttle Discovery was docked with the station. Reiter launched on Discovery with the STS-121 crew and officially became an Expedition 13 crewmember after the shuttle docked with the station.

S121-E-07238 (13 July 2006) --- European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Thomas Reiter, Expedition 13 flight engineer, looks over a procedures checklist in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station while Space Shuttle Discovery was docked with the station. Reiter launched on Discovery with the STS-121 crew and officially became an Expedition 13 crewmember after the shuttle docked with the station.

S66-51583 (June 1966)--- Prime crew members announced by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for the first manned Apollo 1 space flight practice water egress procedures in a swimming pool at Ellington Air Force Base (EAFB), Houston, Texas. Astronaut Edward H. White II rides life raft in the foreground. Astronaut Roger B. Chaffee sits in hatch of the boilerplate model of the spacecraft. Astronaut Virgil I. Grissom, third member of the crew, waits inside the spacecraft.

STS-31 Mission Specialist (MS) Kathryn D. Sullivan poses for a picture before beginning extravehicular mobility unit (EMU) donning procedures in the airlock of Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103. Sullivan will remove the lower torso restraint and don EMU which is supported on an airlock adapter plate (AAP). When suited, Sullivan will be ready for contingency extravehicular activity (EVA) in the event that problems arise with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) deployment. Displayed on the front of the EMU are the STS-31 mission insignia and the JSC Weightless Environment Training Facility (WETF) insignia.

SL3-111-1514 (July-September 1973) --- Astronaut Alan L. Bean, Skylab 3 commander, reads data from book in his right hand while holding teleprinter tape in his left hand, in the ward room of the Skylab space station's Orbital Workshop (OWS) crew quarters. This photograph was taken with a 35mm Nikon camera held by one of Bean's fellow crewmen during the 56.5 day second manned Skylab mission in Earth orbit. Photo credit: NASA

STS031-10-027 (24-29 April 1990) --- A "fish eye" lens captured this overall view of the aft flight deck of Space Shuttle Discovery while the crewmembers were monitoring the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) deployment checkout procedures. From front to back are astronauts Loren J. Shriver, commander, and Steven A. Hawley and MS Bruce McCandless II, both mission specialists, looking up at overhead windows and the HST on the remote manipulator system (RMS) outside them.

ISS008-E-21996 (22 April 2004) --- Cosmonaut Gennady I. Padalka (left), Expedition 9 commander, and European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Andre Kuipers of the Netherlands, look over a procedures checklist for the Dutch Expedition for Life Science, Technology and Atmospheric (DELTA) Research in the Unity node of the International Space Station (ISS). Astronaut C. Michael Foale (right), Expedition 8 commander and NASA ISS science officer, exercises using the Interim Resistive Exercise Device (IRED) equipment. Padalka represents Russia’s Federal Space Agency.

ISS008-E-21992 (22 April 2004) --- Cosmonaut Gennady I. Padalka (left), Expedition 9 commander, and European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut Andre Kuipers of the Netherlands, look over a procedures checklist for the Dutch Expedition for Life Science, Technology and Atmospheric (DELTA) Research in the Unity node of the International Space Station (ISS). Astronaut C. Michael Foale (right), Expedition 8 commander and NASA ISS science officer, exercises using the Interim Resistive Exercise Device (IRED) equipment. Padalka represents Russia’s Federal Space Agency.

STS006-06-465 (7 April 1983) --- Three-fourths of the STS-6 astronaut crew appears in this unusual 35mm frame exposed in the airlock of the Earth-orbiting space shuttle Challenger. Astronaut F. Story Musgrave’s helmet visor encompasses all the action in the frame. Dr. Musgrave and astronaut Donald H. Peterson (reflected on right side of the visor) were fully suited in their Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) spacesuits and were participating in EVA preparation exercises. Astronaut Karol J. Bobko, STS-6 pilot, wearing conventional onboard shuttle clothing, photographed the two during their procedures and appears at center of frame. The reversed number (1 and 2 in the mirrored image represent the EVA designations for the two mission specialists. Photo credit: NASA

STS049-77-028 (14 May 1992) --- Astronaut Thomas D. Akers, STS-49 mission specialist, grabs a strut device as fourth period of extravehicular activity (EVA) gets underway in the Space Shuttle Endeavour's cargo bay. Akers is positioned near the Multi-purpose Support Structure (MPESS). The purpose of the final EVA on this nine-day mission was the evaluation of Assembly of Station by EVA Methods (ASEM). The scene was recorded on 70mm film by a fellow crew member in the space shuttle's cabin. Astronaut Kathryn C. Thornton (out of frame) joined Akers on the 7 1/2 hour EVA.

The Titan/Centaur-6 launch vehicle was moved to Launch Complex 41 at Kennedy Space Center in Florida to complete checkout procedures in preparation for launch. The photo is dated January 1977. This launch vehicle carried Voyager 1 into space on September 5, 1977. https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA21739

ISS030-E-171093 (24 March 2012) --- NASA astronaut Dan Burbank (left), Expedition 30 commander; and European Space Agency astronaut Andre Kuipers, flight engineer, work in the Unity node of the International Space Station. Crew members were preparing for their move to the appropriate Soyuz vehicles, due to the possibility that space debris could pass close to the station. Burbank, Shkaplerov and Ivanishin sheltered in the Soyuz TMA-22 spacecraft attached to the Poisk Mini-Research Module 2 (MRM2) while Kononenko, Kuipers and Pettit took to the Soyuz TMA-03M docked to the Rassvet Mini-Research Module 1 (MRM-1).

ISS021-E-025200 (12 Nov. 2009) --- European Space Agency astronaut Frank De Winne (left foreground), Expedition 21 commander; along with Russian cosmonauts Maxim Suraev (right) and Roman Romanenko, both flight engineers, are pictured in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station during docking operations of the unpiloted Russian Mini-Research Module 2 (MRM2), also known as Poisk. The MRM2 docked to Zvezda’s space-facing port at 9:41 a.m. (CST) on Nov. 12, 2009.

ISS018-E-042591 (23 March 2009) --- Astronaut Lee Archambault, STS-119 commander, uses a video camera on the flight deck of Space Shuttle Discovery while docked with the International Space Station.