
James Green , NASA PLanetary Science Division Director at the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission (MAVEN) ORBIT INSERTION event

A volunteer assists an eager participant at International Observe the Moon Night Oct. 28 at the U.S. Space & Rocket Center. The event, hosted by the Planetary Missions Program at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, encourages observation and appreciation of the Moon and its connection to NASA planetary science and exploration, as well as our cultural and personal connections to it. Children attending the event had the opportunity to participate in planetary, science-based, hands-on activities

Volunteer Billy Hix with his telescope at International Observe the Moon Night. The event, hosted by the Planetary Missions Program at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, encourages observation and appreciation of the Moon and its connection to NASA planetary science and exploration, as well as our cultural and personal connections to it. Children attending the event had the opportunity to participate in planetary, science-based, hands-on activities

Lori Glaze, acting director of NASA’s Planetary Science Division, right, visited NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center March 7 to see firsthand the work done by center scientists. Glaze, along with Marshall planetary scientists Renee Weber, left, and Debra Needham, center, and intern James Mavo, second from right, toured multiple facilities at Marshall – including the Deep Space Habitat facility – to discuss how Marshall is working to support astronauts on long-duration missions.

Dr. James L. Green, Director of Planetary Science at NASA, speaks during a symposium commemorating a quarter-century of comet discoveries, Friday, Sept. 10, 2010, in the Knight studio at the Newseum in Washington. The International Sun-Earth Explorer-3 (ISEE-3) spacecraft flew past the comet Giacobini-Zinner on Sept. 11, 1985 which established a foundation of discoveries that continue today. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

Dr. James L. Green, Director of Planetary Science at NASA, right, speaks with Dr. Robert Farquar, an executive for space exploration at KinetX Inc., during a symposium commemorating a quarter-century of comet discoveries, Friday, Sept. 10, 2010, in the Knight studio at the Newseum in Washington. The International Sun-Earth Explorer-3 (ISEE-3) spacecraft flew past the comet Giacobini-Zinner on Sept. 11, 1985 which established a foundation of discoveries that continue today. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

Dr. James L. Green, Director of Planetary Science at NASA, right, speaks with Dr. Robert Farquar, an executive for space exploration at KinetX Inc., during a symposium commemorating a quarter-century of comet discoveries, Friday, Sept. 10, 2010, in the Knight studio at the Newseum in Washington. The International Sun-Earth Explorer-3 (ISEE-3) spacecraft flew past the comet Giacobini-Zinner on Sept. 11, 1985 which established a foundation of discoveries that continue today. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

Dr. James L. Green, Director of Planetary Science at NASA, right, speaks with Dr. Robert Farquar, an executive for space exploration at KinetX Inc., during a symposium commemorating a quarter-century of comet discoveries, Friday, Sept. 10, 2010, in the Knight studio at the Newseum in Washington. The International Sun-Earth Explorer-3 (ISEE-3) spacecraft flew past the comet Giacobini-Zinner on Sept. 11, 1985 which established a foundation of discoveries that continue today. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

Dr. James L. Green, Director of Planetary Science at NASA, right, speaks with Dr. Robert Farquar, an executive for space exploration at KinetX Inc., during a symposium commemorating a quarter-century of comet discoveries, Friday, Sept. 10, 2010, in the Knight studio at the Newseum in Washington. The International Sun-Earth Explorer-3 (ISEE-3) spacecraft flew past the comet Giacobini-Zinner on Sept. 11, 1985 which established a foundation of discoveries that continue today. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

Members of the audience look on as Dr. James L. Green, Director of Planetary Science at NASA, right, speaks with Dr. Robert Farquar, an executive for space exploration at KinetX Inc., during a symposium commemorating a quarter-century of comet discoveries, Friday, Sept. 10, 2010, in the Knight studio at the Newseum in Washington. The International Sun-Earth Explorer-3 (ISEE-3) spacecraft flew past the comet Giacobini-Zinner on Sept. 11, 1985 which established a foundation of discoveries that continue today. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

Buildings 7 & 29. Explore@NASAGoddard celebrates the 25th anniversary of the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope. All areas of Goddard’s research – Earth science, heliophysics, planetary science, astrophysics, and engineering and technology – will be presented, as each discipline plays a critical part in NASA's ongoing journey to reach new heights.

Buildings 7 & 29. Explore@NASAGoddard celebrates the 25th anniversary of the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope. All areas of Goddard’s research – Earth science, heliophysics, planetary science, astrophysics, and engineering and technology – will be presented, as each discipline plays a critical part in NASA's ongoing journey to reach new heights.

Explore@NASAGoddard celebrates the 25th anniversary of the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope. All areas of Goddard’s research – Earth science, heliophysics, planetary science, astrophysics, and engineering and technology – will be presented, as each discipline plays a critical part in NASA's ongoing journey to reach new heights.

Explore@NASAGoddard celebrates the 25th anniversary of the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope. All areas of Goddard’s research – Earth science, heliophysics, planetary science, astrophysics, and engineering and technology – will be presented, as each discipline plays a critical part in NASA's ongoing journey to reach new heights.

Explore@NASAGoddard celebrates the 25th anniversary of the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope. All areas of Goddard’s research – Earth science, heliophysics, planetary science, astrophysics, and engineering and technology – will be presented, as each discipline plays a critical part in NASA's ongoing journey to reach new heights.

Buildings 7 & 29. Explore@NASAGoddard celebrates the 25th anniversary of the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope. All areas of Goddard’s research – Earth science, heliophysics, planetary science, astrophysics, and engineering and technology – will be presented, as each discipline plays a critical part in NASA's ongoing journey to reach new heights.

Center Director Chris Scolese visits displays at Explore@NASAGoddard celebrates the 25th anniversary of the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope. All areas of Goddard’s research – Earth science, heliophysics, planetary science, astrophysics, and engineering and technology – will be presented, as each discipline plays a critical part in NASA's ongoing journey to reach new heights.

Buildings 7 & 29. Explore@NASAGoddard celebrates the 25th anniversary of the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope. All areas of Goddard’s research – Earth science, heliophysics, planetary science, astrophysics, and engineering and technology – will be presented, as each discipline plays a critical part in NASA's ongoing journey to reach new heights.

Buildings 7 & 29. Explore@NASAGoddard celebrates the 25th anniversary of the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope. All areas of Goddard’s research – Earth science, heliophysics, planetary science, astrophysics, and engineering and technology – will be presented, as each discipline plays a critical part in NASA's ongoing journey to reach new heights.

Buildings 7 & 29. Explore@NASAGoddard celebrates the 25th anniversary of the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope. All areas of Goddard’s research – Earth science, heliophysics, planetary science, astrophysics, and engineering and technology – will be presented, as each discipline plays a critical part in NASA's ongoing journey to reach new heights.

Building 5 Manufacturing Branch. Explore@NASAGoddard celebrates the 25th anniversary of the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope. All areas of Goddard’s research – Earth science, heliophysics, planetary science, astrophysics, and engineering and technology – will be presented, as each discipline plays a critical part in NASA's ongoing journey to reach new heights.

Explore@NASAGoddard celebrates the 25th anniversary of the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope. All areas of Goddard’s research – Earth science, heliophysics, planetary science, astrophysics, and engineering and technology – will be presented, as each discipline plays a critical part in NASA's ongoing journey to reach new heights.

Explore@NASAGoddard celebrates the 25th anniversary of the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope. All areas of Goddard’s research – Earth science, heliophysics, planetary science, astrophysics, and engineering and technology – will be presented, as each discipline plays a critical part in NASA's ongoing journey to reach new heights.

Explore@NASAGoddard celebrates the 25th anniversary of the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope. All areas of Goddard’s research – Earth science, heliophysics, planetary science, astrophysics, and engineering and technology – will be presented, as each discipline plays a critical part in NASA's ongoing journey to reach new heights.

Explore@NASAGoddard celebrates the 25th anniversary of the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope. All areas of Goddard’s research – Earth science, heliophysics, planetary science, astrophysics, and engineering and technology – will be presented, as each discipline plays a critical part in NASA's ongoing journey to reach new heights.

Buildings 7 & 29. Explore@NASAGoddard celebrates the 25th anniversary of the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope. All areas of Goddard’s research – Earth science, heliophysics, planetary science, astrophysics, and engineering and technology – will be presented, as each discipline plays a critical part in NASA's ongoing journey to reach new heights.

Explore@NASAGoddard celebrates the 25th anniversary of the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope. All areas of Goddard’s research – Earth science, heliophysics, planetary science, astrophysics, and engineering and technology – will be presented, as each discipline plays a critical part in NASA's ongoing journey to reach new heights.

Explore@NASAGoddard celebrates the 25th anniversary of the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope. All areas of Goddard’s research – Earth science, heliophysics, planetary science, astrophysics, and engineering and technology – will be presented, as each discipline plays a critical part in NASA's ongoing journey to reach new heights.

Center Director Chris Scolese with Sobe Restaurant owners Tony and Josette Simpson and Nichelle Schoultz. Explore@NASAGoddard celebrates the 25th anniversary of the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope. All areas of Goddard’s research – Earth science, heliophysics, planetary science, astrophysics, and engineering and technology – will be presented, as each discipline plays a critical part in NASA's ongoing journey to reach new heights.

Lori Glaze, Planetary Science Division director, NASA Headquarters, participates in a Mars 2020 Mission Engineering and Science Briefing at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on July 27, 2020. The Mars Perseverance rover is scheduled to launch July 30, on a United Launch Alliance Atlas V 541 rocket from Space Launch Complex 41 at nearby Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The rover is part of NASA’s Mars Exploration Program, a long-term effort of robotic exploration of the Red Planet. The rover will search for habitable conditions in the ancient past and signs of past microbial life on Mars. The Launch Services Program at Kennedy is responsible for launch management.

The heat shield for NASA Mars Science Laboratory is the largest ever built for a planetary mission. This image shows the heat shield being prepared at Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver, in April 2011.

Technicians at Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Denver, prepare the heat shield for NASA Mars Science Laboratory. With a diameter of 4.5 meters nearly 15 feet, this heat shield is the largest ever built for a planetary mission.

This artist concept is of NASA Mars Science Laboratory MSL Curiosity rover parachute system; the largest parachute ever built to fly on a planetary mission. The parachute is attached to the top of the backshell portion of the spacecraft aeroshell.

Dr. David H. Grinspoon, Senior Scientist, Planetary Science Institute, moderates a panel at the “Ancient Earth, Alien Earths” Event at NASA Headquarters in Washington, DC Wednesday, August 20, 2014. The event was sponsored by NASA, the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the Smithsonian Institution and highlighted how research on early Earth could help guide our search for habitable planets orbiting other stars. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

A Mars 2020 Mission Engineering and Science Briefing is held at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on July 27, 2020. Participating in the briefing from left, are Moderator DC Agle, NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Lori Glaze, Planetary Science Division director, NASA Headquarters; and Ken Farley, project scientist, California Institute of Technology. The Mars Perseverance rover is scheduled to launch July 30, on a United Launch Alliance Atlas V 541 rocket from Space Launch Complex 41 at nearby Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The rover is part of NASA’s Mars Exploration Program, a long-term effort of robotic exploration of the Red Planet. The rover will search for habitable conditions in the ancient past and signs of past microbial life on Mars. The Launch Services Program at Kennedy is responsible for launch management.

A Mars 2020 Mission Engineering and Science Briefing is held at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on July 27, 2020. Participating in the briefing from left, are Moderator DC Agle, NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Lori Glaze, Planetary Science Division director, NASA Headquarters; and Ken Farley, project scientist, California Institute of Technology. The Mars Perseverance rover is scheduled to launch July 30, on a United Launch Alliance Atlas V 541 rocket from Space Launch Complex 41 at nearby Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The rover is part of NASA’s Mars Exploration Program, a long-term effort of robotic exploration of the Red Planet. The rover will search for habitable conditions in the ancient past and signs of past microbial life on Mars. The Launch Services Program at Kennedy is responsible for launch management.

Dr James Pollack, a radiative transfer theorist (Planetary Scientist) in planetary systems branch in the Ames Space Sciences Directorate (and Ames Fellow)

ASRF - Automated Sciences into the future of spaceflight and planetary research. Artwork

John Grunsfeld, NASA Associate Administrator for the Science Mission Directorate, is seen during during an event unveiling a new exhibit featuring Hubble's Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) and the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) on Wednesday, April 23, 2014 at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC. Grunsfeld flew on three of space shuttle servicing missions to Hubble, including the fifth and final mission in 2009 which returned COSTAR and WFPC2 to Earth. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

John Grunsfeld, NASA Associate Administrator for the Science Mission Directorate, speaks during an event unveiling a new exhibit featuring Hubble's Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) and the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) on Wednesday, April 23, 2014 at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC. Grunsfeld flew on three of space shuttle servicing missions to Hubble, including the fifth and final mission in 2009 which returned COSTAR and WFPC2 to Earth. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

John Grunsfeld, NASA Associate Administrator for the Science Mission Directorate, speaks during during an event unveiling a new exhibit featuring Hubble's Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) and the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) on Wednesday, April 23, 2014 at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC. Grunsfeld flew on three of space shuttle servicing missions to Hubble, including the fifth and final mission in 2009 which returned COSTAR and WFPC2 to Earth. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Marshall Space Flight Center retiree Ron Creel with young participant at LUROVA exhibit. The event, hosted by the Planetary Missions Program at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, encourages observation and appreciation of the Moon and its connection to NASA planetary science and exploration, as well as our cultural and personal connections to it. Children attending the event had the opportunity to participate in planetary, science-based, hands-on activities

Marshall engineer Naveen Vetcha with his telescope. The event, hosted by the Planetary Missions Program at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, encourages observation and appreciation of the Moon and its connection to NASA planetary science and exploration, as well as our cultural and personal connections to it. Children attending the event had the opportunity to participate in planetary, science-based, hands-on activities

JIM GREEN, DIRECTOR OF PLANETARY SCIENCE AT NASA HEADQUARTERS, ADDRESSES MARSHALL TEAM MEMBERS DURING A JUNE 28 LUNCHEON HOSTED BY THE MARSHALL ASSOCIATION. OVER THE COURSE OF HIS 35-YEAR CAREER AT NASA, HE HAS SUPPORTED A DIVERSE ARRAY OF PLANETARY SCIENCE MISSIONS, AND RECENTLY SERVED AS SCIENCE ADVISOR FOR THE FILM ADAPTATION OF "THE MARTIAN." GREEN'S PRESENTATION WAS TITLED "THE MARTIAN: SCIENCE FICTION VS. SCIENCE FACT," IN WHICH HE DISCUSSED THE MOVIE AND THE NATION'S JOURNEY TO MARS. THE MARSHALL ASSOCIATION IS THE CENTER'S PROFESSIONAL, EMPLOYEE SERVICE ORGANIZATION.

Lisa Pratt, NASA's Planetary Protection Officer, answers a question from the audience during a special session titled “Planetary Protection for the Future: Science, Exploration, and Commerce” at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Thursday, Oct. 24, 2019, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Lisa Pratt, NASA's Planetary Protection Officer, answers a question from the audience during a special session titled “Planetary Protection for the Future: Science, Exploration, and Commerce” at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Thursday, Oct. 24, 2019, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Lori Glaze, director of NASA’s Science Mission Directorate’s Planetary Science Division, participates in an engineering briefing for the agency’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission at Vandenberg Space Force Base in California on Nov. 21, 2021. DART is the first mission to test technologies for preventing an impact of Earth by a hazardous asteroid. The mission is scheduled to launch no earlier than 1:21 a.m. EST Wednesday, Nov. 24 (10:21 p.m. PST Tuesday, Nov. 23), aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Vandenberg. NASA's Launch Services Program based at Kennedy Space Center in Florida, America's multi-user spaceport, is managing the launch.

Tom Statler, Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) program scientist for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate’s Planetary Science Division, participates in an engineering briefing for the agency’s DART mission at Vandenberg Space Force Base in California on Nov. 21, 2021. DART is the first mission to test technologies for preventing an impact of Earth by a hazardous asteroid. The mission is scheduled to launch no earlier than 1:21 a.m. EST Wednesday, Nov. 24 (10:21 p.m. PST Tuesday, Nov. 23), aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Vandenberg. NASA's Launch Services Program based at Kennedy Space Center in Florida, America's multi-user spaceport, is managing the launch.

Panelists, from left, Jim Green, director, Planetary Science Division, NASA Headquarters, Washington, Carey Lisse, senior astrophysicist, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, Kelly Fast, program scientist, Planetary Science Division, NASA Headquarters, Washington, and Padma Yanamandra-Fisher, senior research scientist, Space Science Institute, Rancho Cucamonga Branch, California, are seen during a media briefing where they outlined how space and Earth-based assets will be used to image and study comet Siding Spring during its Sunday, Oct. 19 flyby of Mars, Thursday, Oct. 9, 2014 at NASA Headquarters in Washington. (Photo credit: NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Panelists, from left, Jim Green, director, Planetary Science Division, NASA Headquarters, Washington, Carey Lisse, senior astrophysicist, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, Kelly Fast, program scientist, Planetary Science Division, NASA Headquarters, Washington, and Padma Yanamandra-Fisher, senior research scientist, Space Science Institute, Rancho Cucamonga Branch, California, are seen during a media briefing where they outlined how space and Earth-based assets will be used to image and study comet Siding Spring during its Sunday, Oct. 19 flyby of Mars, Thursday, Oct. 9, 2014 at NASA Headquarters in Washington. (Photo credit: NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Jim Green, director, Planetary Science Division, NASA Headquarters, Washington, left, is seen with fellow panelists Carey Lisse, senior astrophysicist, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, Kelly Fast, program scientist, Planetary Science Division, NASA Headquarters, Washington, and Padma Yanamandra-Fisher, senior research scientist, Space Science Institute, Rancho Cucamonga Branch, California during a media briefing where they outlined how space and Earth-based assets will be used to image and study comet Siding Spring during its Sunday, Oct. 19 flyby of Mars, Thursday, Oct. 9, 2014 at NASA Headquarters in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Panelists, from left, Jim Green, director, Planetary Science Division, NASA Headquarters, Washington, Carey Lisse, senior astrophysicist, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, Kelly Fast, program scientist, Planetary Science Division, NASA Headquarters, Washington, and Padma Yanamandra-Fisher, senior research scientist, Space Science Institute, Rancho Cucamonga Branch, California, are seen during a media briefing where they outlined how space and Earth-based assets will be used to image and study comet Siding Spring during its Sunday, Oct. 19 flyby of Mars, Thursday, Oct. 9, 2014 at NASA Headquarters in Washington. (Photo credit: NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Bill Nye, known as the Science Guy, takes a photograph of himself with NASA Deputy Administrator Lori Garver at the Planetary Society's 2012 Planetfest on Saturday, Aug. 4, 2012 in Pasadena, Calif. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

PHOTOMICROPHOTOGRAPHY -GEOLOGY (SEM) High magnification and resolution views of lunar, meteorite and terrestrial materials using the Scanning Electron MIcroscope (SEM), Bldg. 31 Planetary and Earth Science Laboratory.

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson, left, and Planetary Society CEO and Science educator, Bill Nye, shake hands, Tuesday, April 30, 2024, at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Planetary Science Lead, Jim Green being briefed on recent conceptual designs by the Lead of the COMPASS concurrent engineering design team at NASA Glenn Research Center. COMPASS = COllaborative Modeling for Parametric Assessment of Space Systems

Yuri's Night at Ames a celebration of the first human in space. Ames Planetary Scientist with the Space Science Division Dr Chris McKay addresses a audience about Mars and life in extreme environments.

iss063e068516 (Aug. 12, 2020) --- NASA astronaut and Expedition 63 Commander Chris Cassidy poses for a portrait in front of the Microgravity Science Glovebox as he was setting up the Packed Bed Reactor Experiment inside the research device. The new science hardware is exploring technology to support water recovery, planetary surface processing and oxygen production.

Jim Green (second from left), director, Planetary Science Division, Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington discusses NASA’s findings of water molecules in the polar regions of the moon at a press conference at NASA Headquarters, September 24, 2009. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

Near-Earth objects (NEOs) are asteroids and comets that orbit the Sun like the planets with orbits that come within 30 million miles of Earth’s orbit. NASA established the Planetary Defense Coordination Office (PDCO) to manage the agency’s ongoing efforts in Planetary Defense, which is the “applied planetary science” to address the NEO impact hazard. One key element of the PDCO is NASA’s NEO Observations program, which is composed of projects to find, track, and characterize NEOs. Here’s what we’ve found so far. This page is updated monthly with the most up-to-date numbers.

Dr. Anita Cochran, Assistant Director, McDonald Observatory at the University of Texas-Austin, speaks during a symposium commemorating a quarter-century of comet discoveries, Friday, Sept. 10, 2010, in the Knight studio at the Newseum in Washington. The International Sun-Earth Explorer-3 (ISEE-3) spacecraft flew past the comet Giacobini-Zinner on Sept. 11, 1985 which established a foundation of discoveries that continue today. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

Kjell Stakkestad, President and CEO of KinetX Inc., speaks during a symposium commemorating a quarter-century of comet discoveries, Friday, Sept. 10, 2010, in the Knight studio at the Newseum in Washington. The International Sun-Earth Explorer-3 (ISEE-3) spacecraft flew past the comet Giacobini-Zinner on Sept. 11, 1985 which established a foundation of discoveries that continue today. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

Dr. Michael A'Hearn, Principal Investigator, EPOXI Comet Encounter Mission, speaks during a symposium commemorating a quarter-century of comet discoveries, Friday, Sept. 10, 2010, in the Knight studio at the Newseum in Washington. The International Sun-Earth Explorer-3 (ISEE-3) spacecraft flew past the comet Giacobini-Zinner on Sept. 11, 1985 which established a foundation of discoveries that continue today. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

NASA Marshall Space Flight Center’s Science and Technology Office held its 11th annual Science and Technology Jamboree Dec. 8 at Marshall Activities Building 4316. A poster session with around 60 poster presentations highlighted current science and technology topics and the innovative projects underway across the center. Here, Debra Needham, right, talks with coworker Sabrina Savage about one of the presentations. Both Needham and Savage are scientists in the Heliophysics & Planetary Science Branch of the Science Research and Projects Division.

jsc2025e057255 --- NASA’s Artemis II lunar science team is pictured in the Science Evaluation Room (SER) at the agency’s Johnson Space Center in Houston. Located in the Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center, the SER supports the mission’s main flight control room for lunar science and planetary observations. Built specifically for Artemis missions with these science priorities in mind, the SER is equipped to support rapid data interpretation, collaborative analysis, real-time decision making, and seamless coordination between the science and operations teams.

Director of the NASA Science Mission Directorate’s Planetary Science Division, Dr. Lori Glaze, left, accepts the Lifetime Achievement Award on behalf of the agency from director of the National Museum of Nuclear Science and History, Jim Walther, during the Nuclear Science Week event, Tuesday, Oct. 19, 2021, at The Observatory at America’s Square in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

From left to right, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy at the Department of Energy, Dr. Kathryn Huff, Director of the National Museum of Nuclear Science and History, Jim Walther, and Director of the NASA Science Mission Directorate’s Planetary Science Division, Dr. Lori Glaze, pose for a photo after Dr. Huff and Dr. Glaze accepted the Lifetime Achievement Award on behalf of their agencies during the Nuclear Science Week event, Tuesday, Oct. 19, 2021, at The Observatory at America’s Square in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Director of the NASA Science Mission Directorate’s Planetary Science Division, Dr. Lori Glaze, speaks after accepting the Lifetime Achievement Award on behalf of the agency during the National Museum of Nuclear Science and History’s Nuclear Science Week event, Tuesday, Oct. 19, 2021, at The Observatory at America’s Square in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Director of the NASA Science Mission Directorate’s Planetary Science Division, Dr. Lori Glaze, speaks after accepting the Lifetime Achievement Award on behalf of the agency during the National Museum of Nuclear Science and History’s Nuclear Science Week event, Tuesday, Oct. 19, 2021, at The Observatory at America’s Square in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Director of the NASA Science Mission Directorate’s Planetary Science Division, Dr. Lori Glaze, speaks after accepting the Lifetime Achievement Award on behalf of the agency during the National Museum of Nuclear Science and History’s Nuclear Science Week event, Tuesday, Oct. 19, 2021, at The Observatory at America’s Square in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Planetary Society Executive Director and “Bill Nye the Science Guy” host Bill Nye, right, photographs himself with NASA Mars Curiosity Landing mission controller, Bobak "Mohawk Guy" Ferdowsi, during the White House Science Fair held at the White House, April 22, 2013. The science fair celebrated student winners of a broad range of science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) competitions from across the country. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

The Lifetime Achievement Award is seen at the National Museum of Nuclear Science and History’s Nuclear Science Week event where Director of the NASA Science Mission Directorate’s Planetary Science Division, Dr. Lori Glaze accepted it on behalf of the agency, Tuesday, Oct. 19, 2021, at The Observatory at America’s Square in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

An engineer works on the High-resolution Volatiles and Minerals Moon Mapper (HVM³) for NASA's Lunar Trailblazer spacecraft in a clean room at Lockheed Martin Space in Littleton, Colorado, shortly after the instrument delivered in December 2022. HVM³ is an imaging spectrometer that was developed at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. It was shipped from JPL to Lockheed Martin Space, where it was integrated with the spacecraft. HVM³ is one of two instruments that will be used by the mission to detect and map water on the Moon's surface to determine its abundance, location, form, and how it changes over time. Lunar Trailblazer was selected under NASA's Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration (SIMPLEx) program in 2019. The Lunar Trailblazer mission is managed by JPL and its science investigation is led by Caltech in Pasadena, California. Managed for NASA by Caltech, JPL also provides system engineering, mission assurance, the HVM³ instrument, as well as navigation. Lockheed Martin Space provides the spacecraft and integrates the flight system, under contract with Caltech. SIMPLEx mission investigations are managed by the Planetary Missions Program Office at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, as part of the Discovery Program at NASA Headquarters in Washington. The program conducts space science investigations in the Planetary Science Division of NASA's Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters. https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA25255

The High-resolution Volatiles and Minerals Moon Mapper (HVM³) sits in a clean room at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California in early December 2022. The JPL-built instrument was later shipped to Lockheed Martin Space in Littleton, Colorado, to be integrated with NASA's Lunar Trailblazer spacecraft. HVM³ is an imaging spectrometer that will detect and map water on the Moon's surface to determine its abundance, location, form, and how it changes over time. A second instrument, the Lunar Thermal Mapper infrared multispectral imager, is being developed by the University of Oxford in the U.K. and is scheduled for delivery and integration in early 2023. Lunar Trailblazer was selected under NASA's Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration (SIMPLEx) program in 2019. The Lunar Trailblazer mission is managed by JPL and its science investigation is led by Caltech in Pasadena, California. Managed for NASA by Caltech, JPL also provides system engineering, mission assurance, the HVM³ instrument, as well as navigation. Lockheed Martin Space provides the spacecraft and integrates the flight system, under contract with Caltech. SIMPLEx mission investigations are managed by the Planetary Missions Program Office at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, as part of the Discovery Program at NASA Headquarters in Washington. The program conducts space science investigations in the Planetary Science Division of NASA's Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters. https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA25256

This artist's concept depicts NASA's Lunar Trailblazer in lunar orbit about 60 miles (100 kilometers) from the surface of the Moon. The spacecraft weighs only 440 pounds (200 kilograms) and measures 11.5 feet (3.5 meters) wide when its solar panels are fully deployed. Lunar Trailblazer is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and its science investigation and mission operations are led by Caltech with the mission operations center at IPAC. Managed for NASA by Caltech, JPL also provides system engineering, mission assurance, the HVM3 instrument, as well as mission design and navigation. Lockheed Martin Space provides the spacecraft, integrates the flight system, and supports operations under contract with Caltech. Lunar Trailblazer is part of NASA's Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration (SIMPLEx) program, which is managed by the Planetary Missions Program Office at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, as part of the Discovery Program at NASA Headquarters in Washington. The program conducts space science investigations in the Planetary Science Division of NASA's Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters. https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA26453

Dwayne Brown, NASA public affairs officer, left, moderates a media briefing where panelist, seated from left, Jim Green, director, Planetary Science Division, NASA Headquarters, Washington, Carey Lisse, senior astrophysicist, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, Kelly Fast, program scientist, Planetary Science Division, NASA Headquarters, Washington, and Padma Yanamandra-Fisher, senior research scientist, Space Science Institute, Rancho Cucamonga Branch, California, outlined how space and Earth-based assets will be used to image and study comet Siding Spring during its Sunday, Oct. 19 flyby of Mars, Thursday, Oct. 9, 2014 at NASA Headquarters in Washington. (Photo credit: NASA/Joel Kowsky)

David Grinspoon, senior scientist at the Planetary Science Institute discusses Pluto and the Human Imagination, Monday, Dec. 31, 2018 at Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, Maryland. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

jsc2018e060222 (06/19/2018) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidates Raja Chari and Loral O’Hara during earth and planetary science training in Rio Grande del Norte National Monument Upper Gorge Area near Questa, N.M. Photo Credit: (NASA/Norah Moran)

jsc2018e060304 (06/20/2018) --- Canadian Space Agency astronaut candidate Jennifer Sidey-Gibbons during earth and planetary science training in Rio Grande del Norte National Monument Upper Gorge Area near Questa, N.M. Photo Credit: (NASA/Norah Moran)

jsc2018e060316 (06/20/2018) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidate Jasmin Moghbeli during earth and planetary science training in Rio Grande del Norte National Monument Upper Gorge Area near Questa, N.M. Photo Credit: (NASA/Norah Moran)

Jim Green, director of NASA’s Planetary Science Division, discusses NASA’s Mars missions with visitors during the Smithsonian Institution’s National Air and Space Museum Mars Day, celebrating the Red Planet with exhibits, speakers, and educational activities, Friday, July 21, 2017 in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

jsc2018e060151 (06/19/2018) --- Canadian Space Agency astronaut candidate Joshua Kutryk during earth and planetary science training in Rio Grande del Norte National Monument Upper Gorge Area near Questa, N.M. Photo Credit: (NASA/Norah Moran)

Dr. Jim Green, NASA‘s Planetary Science Division Director and Head of Mars Program, discusses what we’ve learned from Curiosity and the other Mars rovers during a “Mars Up Close” panel discussion, Tuesday, August 5, 2014, at the National Geographic Society headquarters in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

jsc2018e060090 (06/18/2018) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidate Jasmin Moghbeli during earth and planetary science training in Rio Grande del Norte National Monument Upper Gorge Area near Questa, N.M. Photo Credit: (NASA/Norah Moran)

jsc2018e060241 (06/19/2018) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidate Raja Chari during earth and planetary science training in Rio Grande del Norte National Monument Upper Gorge Area near Questa, N.M. Photo Credit: (NASA/Norah Moran)

Jim Green, director of NASA’s Planetary Science Division, discusses NASA’s Mars missions with visitors during the Smithsonian Institution’s National Air and Space Museum Mars Day, celebrating the Red Planet with exhibits, speakers, and educational activities, Friday, July 21, 2017 in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

jsc2018e060299 (06/20/2018) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidates taking notes during earth and planetary science training in Rio Grande del Norte National Monument Upper Gorge Area near Questa, N.M. Photo Credit: (NASA/Norah Moran)

Walter Alvarez professor in the Earth and Planetary Science department at the University of California, Berkeley, gives a presentation titled "Doing Geology by Looking Up; Doing Astronomy by Looking Down", Monday, Dec. 31, 2018 at Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, Maryland. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

jsc2018e060183 (06/19/2018) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidate Bob Hines during earth and planetary science training in Rio Grande del Norte National Monument Upper Gorge Area near Questa, N.M. Photo Credit: (NASA/Norah Moran)

jsc2018e060323 (06/20/2018) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidate Jasmin Moghbeli and Canadian Space Agency astronaut candidate Jennifer Sidey-Gibbons during earth and planetary science training in Rio Grande del Norte National Monument Upper Gorge Area near Questa, N.M. Photo Credit: (NASA/Norah Moran)

jsc2018e060157 (06/19/2018) --- Canadian Space Agency astronaut candidate Joshua Kutryk during earth and planetary science training in Rio Grande del Norte National Monument Upper Gorge Area near Questa, N.M. Photo Credit: (NASA/Norah Moran)

jsc2018e060096 (06/18/2018) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidates gather together to chart their next location during earth and planetary science training in Rio Grande del Norte National Monument Upper Gorge Area near Questa, N.M. Photo Credit: NASA/Norah Moran

jsc2018e060201 (06/19/2018) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidate Zena Cardman during earth and planetary science training in Rio Grande del Norte National Monument Upper Gorge Area near Questa, N.M. Photo Credit: (NASA/Norah Moran)

jsc2018e060239 (06/19/2018) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidate Jonny Kim during earth and planetary science training in Rio Grande del Norte National Monument Upper Gorge Area near Questa, N.M. Photo Credit: (NASA/Norah Moran)

This map of Titan shows the names of many (but not all) features on the Saturnian moon that have been approved by the International Astronomical Union. This map was produced by the USGS Astrogeology Science Center for the International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA20713

David Grinspoon, senior scientist at the Planetary Science Institute discusses Pluto and the Human Imagination, Monday, Dec. 31, 2018 at Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, Maryland. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Chief Scientist Jim Green is seen during a special session titled “Planetary Protection for the Future: Science, Exploration, and Commerce” at the 70th International Astronautical Congress, Thursday, Oct. 24, 2019 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

jsc2018e060253 (06/19/2018) --- (From left) 2017 NASA astronaut candidates Jonny Kim, Loral O’Hara, and Raja Chari with their guides during earth and planetary science training in Rio Grande del Norte National Monument Upper Gorge Area near Questa, N.M. Photo Credit: (NASA/Norah Moran)

jsc2018e060248 (06/19/2018) --- 2017 NASA astronaut candidates Loral O’Hara (left) and Raja Chari (right) during earth and planetary science training in Rio Grande del Norte National Monument Upper Gorge Area near Questa, N.M. Photo Credit: (NASA/Norah Moran)

jsc2018e060306 (06/20/2018) --- Canadian Space Agency astronaut candidate Jennifer Sidey-Gibbons and NASA astronaut candidate Jasmin Moghbeli during earth and planetary science training in Rio Grande del Norte National Monument Upper Gorge Area near Questa, N.M. Photo Credit: (NASA/Norah Moran)