Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Artemyev, center, is blessed by Bishop Ignatii of Kyzylorda and Aktobe, during a traditional blessing of the Soyuz rocket and personnel, Tuesday, Sept. 10, 2024, at the at the Baikonur Cosmodrome site 31 launch pad in Kazakhstan. Expedition 72 crew members: NASA astronaut Don Pettit, Roscosmos cosmonauts Alexey Ovchinin, and Ivan Vagner, are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-26 spacecraft on September 11. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Bishop Ignatii of Kyzylorda and Aktobe blesses the Soyuz rocket, Tuesday, Sept. 10, 2024, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome site 31 launch in Kazakhstan. Expedition 72 crew members: NASA astronaut Don Pettit, Roscosmos cosmonauts Alexey Ovchinin, and Ivan Vagner, are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-26 spacecraft on September 11. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 72 Soyuz Blessing

Bishop Ignatii of Kyzylorda and Aktobe gives blessings to personnel and the Soyuz rocket, Tuesday, Sept. 10, 2024, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome site 31 launch in Kazakhstan. Expedition 72 crew members: NASA astronaut Don Pettit, Roscosmos cosmonauts Alexey Ovchinin, and Ivan Vagner, are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-26 spacecraft on September 11. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 72 Soyuz Blessing

Bishop Ignatii of Kyzylorda and Aktobe, front center, blesses the Soyuz rocket as Roscosmos cosmonauts Oleg Novitsky, back left, and Oleg Artemyev, back right, look on, Tuesday, Sept. 10, 2024, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome site 31 launch pad in Kazakhstan. Expedition 72 crew members: NASA astronaut Don Pettit, Roscosmos cosmonauts Alexey Ovchinin, and Ivan Vagner, are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-26 spacecraft on September 11. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 72 Soyuz Blessing

Bishop Ignatii of Kyzylorda and Aktobe, center, prepares to bless the Soyuz rocket as Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Artemyev, left, looks on, Tuesday, Sept. 10, 2024, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome site 31 launch pad in Kazakhstan. Expedition 72 crew members: NASA astronaut Don Pettit, Roscosmos cosmonauts Alexey Ovchinin, and Ivan Vagner, are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-26 spacecraft on September 11. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 72 Soyuz Blessing

Bishop Ignatii of Kyzylorda and Aktobe blesses the Soyuz rocket, as Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Artemyev takes a photograph, Tuesday, Sept. 10, 2024, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome site 31 launch in Kazakhstan. Expedition 72 crew members: NASA astronaut Don Pettit, Roscosmos cosmonauts Alexey Ovchinin, and Ivan Vagner, are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-26 spacecraft on September 11. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 72 Soyuz Blessing

Roscosmos cosmonauts Oleg Novitsky, left, and Oleg Artemyev, participate in the traditional blessing by Bishop Ignatii of Kyzylorda and Aktobe, Tuesday, Sept. 10, 2024, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome site 31 launch pad in Kazakhstan. Expedition 72 crew members: NASA astronaut Don Pettit, Roscosmos cosmonauts Alexey Ovchinin, and Ivan Vagner, are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-26 spacecraft on September 11. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 72 Soyuz Blessing

Lunar Landing Site 2 - Comparisons with Size of Various Metropolitan Areas

S69-38670 (July 1969) --- A photographic illustration comparing the size of Apollo Landing Site 2 with that of the metropolitan Los Angeles, California area. Site 2 is one of three Apollo 11 lunar landing sites. This will be the landing site if Apollo 11 is launched on July 16, 1969, as scheduled. Site 2 is located at 23 degrees 42 minutes 28 seconds east longitude and 0 degrees 42 minutes 50 seconds north latitude in southwestern Mare Tranquillitatis (Sea of Tranquility). (The white overlay is printed over a lunar surface photograph taken from Apollo 10 during its lunar orbit mission and is numbered AS10-31-4537.)

LUNAR LANDING - SITE 2 COMPARISONS

S69-38671 (July 1969) --- A photographic illustration comparing the size of Apollo Landing Site 2 with that of the metropolitan Houston, Texas area. Site 2 is one of three Apollo 11 lunar landing sites. This will be the landing site if Apollo 11 is launched on July 16, 1969, as scheduled. Site 2 is located at 23 degrees 42 minutes 28 seconds east longitude and 0 degrees 42 minutes 50 seconds north latitude in southwestern Mare Tranquillitatis (Sea of Tranquility). (The white overlay is printed over a lunar surface photograph taken from Apollo 10 during its lunar orbit mission and is numbered AS10-31-4537.)

Lunar Landing Site 2 - Comparisons - Various Metropolitan Areas

S69-38667 (July 1969) --- A photographic illustration comparing the size of Apollo Landing Site 2 with that of the metropolitan Washington, D.C. area. Site 2 is one of three Apollo 11 lunar landing sites. This will be the landing site if Apollo 11 is launched on July 16, 1969, as scheduled. Site 2 is located at 23 degrees 42 minutes 28 seconds east longitude and 0 degrees 42 minutes 50 seconds north latitude in southwestern Mare Tranquillitatis (Sea of Tranquility). (The white overlay is printed over a lunar surface photograph taken from Apollo 10 during its lunar orbit mission and is numbered AS10-31-4537.)

Map - Lunar Samples

S70-28115 (January 1970) --- This overlay map of terrain on the lunar nearside shows the area of the landing site of the upcoming Apollo 13 mission, in relation to two previous NASA landings. The proposed Apollo 13 landing site is located in the highlands north of Fra Mauro. The coordinates of the planned site are 17.550 degrees west longitude and 3.617 degrees south latitude. The landing site of the Apollo 12 mission, which was highlighted by a lunar landing on Nov. 19, 1969, is located approximately 105 nautical miles west of the Apollo 13 site. The landing site of the unmanned Ranger 7 space vehicle, which impacted on the moon on July 31, 1964, at 10.74 degrees south latitude and 20.7 degrees west longitude, is approximately 130 nautical miles south-southwest of the Apollo 13 site, and approximately 140 nautical miles south-southeast of the Apollo 12 site.

Expedition 31 Landing

Expedition 31 Flight Engineer Don Pettit of NASA is helped out of a Russian Search and Rescue helicopter after it carried him from the Soyuz TMA-03M capsule landing site in a remote area near the town of Zhezkazgan to Karaganda on Sunday, July 1, 2012 in Kazakhstan. Expedition 31 Commander Oleg Kononenko of Russia and Flight Engineers Pettit and Andre Kuipers of the European Space Agency landed in their Soyuz TMA-03M capsule in a remote area near the town of Zhezkazgan, Kazakhstan after serving more than six months onboard the International Space Station as members of the Expedition 30 and 31 crews. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 31 Landing

The Expedition 31 Soyuz landing site is seen through the plexiglass window of the helicopter carrying Expedition 31 Flight Engineer Don Pettit to Karaganda less than two hours after he and Commander Oleg Kononenko of Russia, and Flight Engineer Andre Kuipers of the European Space Agency landed in their Soyuz TMA-03M capsule in a remote area near the town of Zhezkazgan, Kazakhstan, on Sunday, July 1, 2012. Pettit, Kononenko and Kuipers returned from more than six months onboard the International Space Station where they served as members of the Expedition 30 and 31 crews. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

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JSC2012-E-044894 (25 April 2012) --- At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, outside Moscow, Expedition 31 backup crew members -- Russian cosmonauts Evgeny Tarelkin (left), Oleg Novitskiy (center) and NASA astronaut Kevin Ford (right) -- pose before the site's Yuri Gagarin statue April 25, 2012 following their press conference. Expedition 31 prime crew members Joe Acaba of NASA and cosmonauts Gennady Padalka and Sergei Revin (not pictured) ? are scheduled to launch on May 15 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan to the International Space Station. Photo credit: NASA

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(seated), flanked by Expedition 31 prime and backup crewmembers, signs a traditional cosmonauts' log at the site's Yuri Gagarin museum. Front at left is NASA astronaut Joe Acaba, flight engineer, and at front row, right is Russian cosmonaut and flight engineer Sergei Revin. Back row,from left are Expedition 31 backup crewmembers Kevin Ford of NASA and Russian cosmonauts Oleg Novitskiy and Evgeny Tarelkin. Acaba, Padalka and Revin are preparing for the launch May 15 that will take them to the International Space Station on the Soyuz TMA-04M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Photo credit: NASA/Stephanie Stoll

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JSC2012-E-044893 (25 April 2012) --- At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, outside Moscow, Expedition 31 backup crew members Kevin Ford of NASA (left) and Russian cosmonauts Oleg Novitskiy (center) and Evgeny Tarelkin (right) salute the site's Yuri Gagarin statue April 25, 2012 following their press conference. Expedition 31 prime crew members Joe Acaba of NASA and cosmonauts Gennady Padalka and Sergei Revin (not pictured) ? are scheduled to launch on May 15 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan to the International Space Station. Photo credit: NASA

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JSC2012-E-044892 (25 April 2012) --- At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, outside Moscow, Expedition 31 backup crew members Kevin Ford of NASA (left) and Russian cosmonauts Oleg Novitskiy (center) and Evgeny Tarelkin (right) carry flowers to the site's Yuri Gagarin statue April 25, 2012 following their press conference. Expedition 31 prime crew members Joe Acaba of NASA and cosmonauts Gennady Padalka and Sergei Revin (not pictured) ? are scheduled to launch on May 15 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan to the International Space Station. Photo credit: NASA

Expedition 31 Landing

A Russian Search and Rescue helicopter pilot waits for the arrival of Expedition 31 Flight Engineer Don Pettit and other personnel so they can be flown from the Soyuz landing site outside the town of Zhezkazgan to the Karaganda Airport on Sunday, July 1, 2012 in Kazakhstan. Expedition 31 Commander Oleg Kononenko of Russia and Flight Engineers Don Pettit of NASA and Andre Kuipers of the European Space Agency landed in their Soyuz TMA-03M capsule in a remote area near the town of Zhezkazgan, Kazakhstan. Pettit, Kononenko and Kuipers returned from more than six months onboard the International Space Station where they served as members of the Expedition 30 and 31 crews. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

$Using radars on the ESA (European Space Agency) Sentinel-1 satellites, along with advanced data processing techniques, a team of researchers measured upward and downward vertical land motion – also known as uplift and subsidence – across the New York City metropolitan area from 2016 to 2023. They mapped the motion in detail and pinpointed specific locations seen here – an airport runway and part of a Superfund site – that were notably sinking or rising. Runway 13/31 at LaGuardia Airport in Queens, left, is co-located with a former landfill and subsiding at a rate of about 0.15 inches (3.7 millimeters) per year. Part of the Newtown Creek Superfund site in East Williamsburg, Brooklyn, right, is rising unevenly by about 0.06 inches (1.6 millimeters) per year, possibly due to groundwater pumping and treatment activities. The site is undergoing extensive environmental remediation to address decades of pollution, including the Greenpoint oil spill that was discovered in the late 1970s. The researchers, from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California and Rutgers University in New Jersey, found that on average the metropolitan area subsided by about (0.06 inches) (1.6 millimeters) per year – about the same amount that a toenail grows in a month. Causes for the observed motion include natural geologic adjustments that have been unfolding since the most recent ice age, as well as land-use practices such as the construction of landfills, which make the ground looser and more compressible beneath buildings. To create this map, the researchers employed a remote sensing technique called interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), which combines two or more three-dimensional observations of the same region to reveal surface motion down to fractions of inches. https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA25528$

Hot Spots of Subsidence, Uplift in New York City

Using radars on the ESA (European Space Agency) Sentinel-1 satellites, along with advanced data processing techniques, a team of researchers measured upward and downward vertical land motion – also known as uplift and subsidence – across the New York City metropolitan area from 2016 to 2023. They mapped the motion in detail and pinpointed specific locations seen here – an airport runway and part of a Superfund site – that were notably sinking or rising. Runway 13/31 at LaGuardia Airport in Queens, left, is co-located with a former landfill and subsiding at a rate of about 0.15 inches (3.7 millimeters) per year. Part of the Newtown Creek Superfund site in East Williamsburg, Brooklyn, right, is rising unevenly by about 0.06 inches (1.6 millimeters) per year, possibly due to groundwater pumping and treatment activities. The site is undergoing extensive environmental remediation to address decades of pollution, including the Greenpoint oil spill that was discovered in the late 1970s. The researchers, from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California and Rutgers University in New Jersey, found that on average the metropolitan area subsided by about (0.06 inches) (1.6 millimeters) per year – about the same amount that a toenail grows in a month. Causes for the observed motion include natural geologic adjustments that have been unfolding since the most recent ice age, as well as land-use practices such as the construction of landfills, which make the ground looser and more compressible beneath buildings. To create this map, the researchers employed a remote sensing technique called interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), which combines two or more three-dimensional observations of the same region to reveal surface motion down to fractions of inches. https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA25528

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At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 29/30 Soyuz Commander Anton Shkaplerov says goodbye to his daughter October 31, 2011, as he departed for his launch site in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Shkaplerov, Expedition 30 Commander Dan Burbank of NASA and Flight Engineer Anatoly Ivanishin will launch November 14 from Baikonur on their Soyuz TMA-22 spacecraft for the International Space Station. Credit: NASA

The Soyuz rocket is rolled out by train to the launch pad, Monday, Nov. 24, 2025, at Site 31 of the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 74 crewmembers: NASA astronaut Chris Williams, Roscosmos cosmonauts Sergey Kud-Sverchkov and Sergey Mikaev are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-28 spacecraft on November 27. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 74 Soyuz Rollout

The Soyuz rocket is rolled out by train to the site 31 launch pad, Sunday, Sept. 18, 2022, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 68 astronaut Frank Rubio of NASA, and cosmonauts Sergey Prokopyev and Dmitri Petelin of Roscosmos are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-22 spacecraft on Sept. 21. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 68 Soyuz Rollout

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jsc2018e051936 - Outside the Korolev Museum at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, the Expedition 56 prime and backup crewmembers walk to a flight article of a Russian Buran space shuttle May 31 that is on display at the launch site as part of their pre-launch activities. Serena Aunon-Chancellor of NASA, Sergey Prokopyev of Roscosmos and Alexander Gerst of the European Space Agency will launch June 6 in the Soyuz MS-09 spacecraft for a six-month mission on the International Space Station. ..NASA/Victor Zelentsov.

The Soyuz rocket is rolled out by train to the launch pad at Site 31, Monday, March 18, 2024, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 71 NASA astronaut Tracy Dyson, Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Novitskiy, and Belarus spaceflight participant Marina Vasilevskaya are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-25 spacecraft on March 21. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 71 Soyuz Rollout

The service structure is lifted into position around the Soyuz rocket, Tuesday, April 6, 2021, at site 31 of the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 65 NASA astronaut Mark Vande Hei, Roscosmos cosmonauts Pyotr Dubrov and Oleg Novitskiy are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-18 spacecraft on April 9. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 65 Soyuz Rollout

The Soyuz rocket is seen after being rolled out by train to the launch pad at Site 31, Sunday, Sept. 8, 2024, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 72 crew members: NASA astronaut Don Pettit, Roscosmos cosmonauts Alexey Ovchinin, and Ivan Vagner, are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-26 spacecraft on September 11. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 72 Soyuz Rollout

The Soyuz rocket is prepared to be raised vertical after having rolled out by train to the launch pad, Sunday, Sept. 18, 2022, at site 31 of the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 68 astronaut Frank Rubio of NASA, and cosmonauts Sergey Prokopyev and Dmitri Petelin of Roscosmos are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-22 spacecraft on Sept. 21. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 68 Soyuz Rollout

Expedition 71 Soyuz Rollout

Russian security teams prepare for the Soyuz rocket to be rolled out by train to the launch pad at Site 31, Monday, March 18, 2024, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 71 NASA astronaut Tracy Dyson, Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Novitskiy, and Belarus spaceflight participant Marina Vasilevskaya are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-25 spacecraft on March 21. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 74 Soyuz Rollout

Expedition 71 Soyuz Rollout

SpaceX CRS-12 at Pad 39A

As a Falcon 9 rocket stands ready for liftoff at the Kennedy Space Center's Launch Complex 39A. The rocket will boost a Dragon resupply spacecraft to the International Space Station. Liftoff is scheduled for 12:31 p.m. EDT. On its 12th commercial resupply services mission to the space station, Dragon will bring up more than 6,400 pounds of supplies. The historic launch site now is operated by SpaceX under a property agreement signed with NASA.

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jsc2020e016994 - At the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, the Soyuz MS-16 spacecraft and its booster stand at their vertical position at the Site 31 launch pad April 6 following rollout for final preparations for launch. Expedition 63 crewmembers Chris Cassidy of NASA and Anatoly Ivanishin and Ivan Vagner of Roscosmos are set to launch aboard the Soyuz MS-16 April 9 for a six-and-a-half month mission on the International Space Station...NASA/Victor Zelentsov.

Expedition 71 Soyuz Rollout

Expedition 63 Crew Waves Farewell

jsc2020e017123 - Expedition 63 Crew Waves Farewell - Expedition 63 crewmember Ivan Vagner of Roscosmos waves goodbye as he, Chris Cassidy of NASA, and Anatoly Ivanishin of Roscosmos, prepare to climb aboard the Soyuz MS-16 rocket at Site 31 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Thursday, April 9, 2020. They launched a short time later to the International Space Station for the start of a six-and-a-half month mission. Photo Credit: (NASA/GCTC/Andrey Shelepin)

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KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At a radar site on North Merritt Island, Fla., the 50-foot C-band radar antenna dish is lowered toward the top of the support structure. It will be placed on the counterweights installed there. The radar will be used for Shuttle missions to track the launches and observe possible debris coming from the Shuttle. It will be used for the first time on STS-114. The launch window for the first Return to Flight mission is July 13 to July 31.

The Soyuz rocket is raised vertical, Monday, Nov. 24, 2025, at site 31 launch pad of the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 74 crewmembers: NASA astronaut Chris Williams, Roscosmos cosmonauts Sergey Kud-Sverchkov and Sergey Mikaev are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-28 spacecraft on November 27. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 74 Soyuz Rollout

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KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At a radar site on North Merritt Island, Fla., the 50-foot C-band radar antenna dish is prepared to be lifted onto the top of a support structure. The radar will be used for Shuttle missions to track the launches and observe possible debris coming from the Shuttle. It will be used for the first time on STS-114. The launch window for the first Return to Flight mission is July 13 to July 31.

Expedition 74 Soyuz Rollout

Expedition 74 backup crew members: Anil Menon of NASA, Petr Dubrov and Anna Kikina of Roscosmos, watch as the Soyuz rocket is rolled out by train to the launch pad, Monday, Nov. 24, 2025, at Site 31 of the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 74 crewmembers: NASA astronaut Chris Williams, Roscosmos cosmonauts Sergey Kud-Sverchkov and Sergey Mikaev are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-28 spacecraft on November 27. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

The Soyuz rocket is rolled out by train to the launch pad at Site 31, Sunday, Sept. 8, 2024, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 72 crew members: NASA astronaut Don Pettit, Roscosmos cosmonauts Alexey Ovchinin, and Ivan Vagner, are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-26 spacecraft on September 11. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 72 Soyuz Rollout

The Soyuz rocket is seen after having been rolled out by train to the launch pad, Monday, Nov. 24, 2025, at Site 31 of the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 74 crewmembers: NASA astronaut Chris Williams, Roscosmos cosmonauts Sergey Kud-Sverchkov and Sergey Mikaev are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-28 spacecraft on November 27. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 74 Soyuz Rollout

Expedition 72 Soyuz Rollout

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KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - On a radar site on North Merritt Island, Fla., part of the structure for the support base for a 50-foot C-band radar antenna is put in position.The radar will be used for Shuttle missions to track the launches and observe possible debris coming from the Shuttle. It will be used for the first time on STS-114. The launch window for the first Return to Flight mission is July 13 to July 31.

Expedition 74 Soyuz Rollout

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jsc2020e017005 - At the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, the Soyuz MS-16 spacecraft and its booster stand vertically the Site 31 launch pad April 6 for final preparations for launch following rollout. Expedition 63 crewmembers Chris Cassidy of NASA and Anatoly Ivanishin and Ivan Vagner of Roscosmos are set to launch aboard the Soyuz MS-16 April 9 for a six-and-a-half month mission on the International Space Station...Andrey Shelepin/Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.

Expedition 68 Soyuz Rollout

The Soyuz rocket is raised vertical Monday, March 18, 2024, at launch pad Site 31 of the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 71 NASA astronaut Tracy Dyson, Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Novitskiy, and Belarus spaceflight participant Marina Vasilevskaya are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-25 spacecraft on March 21. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 71 Soyuz Rollout

Expedition 65 Preflight

A banner celebrating the 60th anniversary of the launch of Yuri Gagarin is seen at the site 31 launch pad prior to boarding Expedition 65 NASA astronaut Mark Vande Hei, Russian cosmonauts Oleg Novitskiy and Pyotr Dubrov, Friday, April 9, 2021 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Launch of the Soyuz rocket sent the trio on a mission to the International Space Station. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Security teams prepare for the rollout of the Soyuz rocket by train to the launch pad at Site 31, Sunday, Sept. 8, 2024, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 72 crew members: NASA astronaut Don Pettit, Roscosmos cosmonauts Alexey Ovchinin, and Ivan Vagner, are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-26 spacecraft on September 11. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 72 Soyuz Rollout

Expedition 64 Soyuz Rollout

The Soyuz rocket is rolled out by train to the launch pad at Site 31, Sunday, Oct. 11, 2020, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 64 Russian cosmonauts Sergey Ryzhikov and Sergey Kud-Sverchkov of Roscosmos, and NASA astronaut Kate Rubins are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-17 spacecraft on Oct. 14 to start a six-month mission onboard the International Space Station. Photo Credit: (NASA/GCTC/Andrey Shelepin)

Expedition 72 Soyuz Rollout

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At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 29/30 Soyuz Commander Anton Shkaplerov (left) shares a moment with legendary Russian cosmonaut Alexei Leonov (right), the first human to walk in space, during the departure ceremony October 31, 2011 for Shkaplerov, NASA’s Dan Burbank and Russian Flight Engineer Anatoly Ivanishin as they left for their launch site in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. The trio will launch November 14 from Baikonur on their Soyuz TMA-22 spacecraft for the International Space Station. Credit: NASA

A Soyuz rocket is seen on the launch pad at Site 31, Monday, April 7, 2025, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 73 crewmembers: NASA astronaut Jonny Kim, and Roscosmos cosmonauts Sergey Ryzhikov and Alexey Zubritskiy, are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-27 spacecraft on April 8. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Expedition 73 Preflight

The Soyuz rocket is rolled out by train to the launch pad at Site 31, Tuesday, April 6, 2021, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 65 NASA astronaut Mark Vande Hei, Roscosmos cosmonauts Pyotr Dubrov and Oleg Novitskiy are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-18 spacecraft on April 9. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 65 Soyuz Rollout

Expedition 68 Soyuz Rollout

The Soyuz rocket is is seen at the launch pad at Site 31, Saturday, April 5, 2025, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 73 crewmembers: NASA astronaut Jonny Kim, and Roscosmos cosmonauts Sergey Ryzhikov and Alexey Zubritskiy, are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-27 spacecraft on April 8. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Expedition 73 Soyuz Rollout

The service structure is raised into position around the Soyuz rocket, Tuesday, April 6, 2021, at site 31 of the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 65 NASA astronaut Mark Vande Hei, Roscosmos cosmonauts Pyotr Dubrov and Oleg Novitskiy are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-18 spacecraft on April 9. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 65 Soyuz Rollout

Expedition 72 Soyuz Rollout

Expedition 71 Soyuz Rollout

Expedition 72 Soyuz Rollout

Expedition 73 Preflight

Expedition 74 Soyuz Rollout

Expedition 71 Soyuz Rollout

The Soyuz rocket is rolled out by train to the launch pad at Site 31, Saturday, April 5, 2025, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 73 crewmembers: NASA astronaut Jonny Kim, and Roscosmos cosmonauts Sergey Ryzhikov and Alexey Zubritskiy, are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-27 spacecraft on April 8. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Expedition 73 Soyuz Rollout

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jsc2020e016993 - At the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, the Soyuz MS-16 spacecraft and its booster stand at their vertical position at the Site 31 launch pad April 6 following rollout for final preparations for launch. Expedition 63 crewmembers Chris Cassidy of NASA and Anatoly Ivanishin and Ivan Vagner of Roscosmos are set to launch aboard the Soyuz MS-16 April 9 for a six-and-a-half month mission on the International Space Station...NASA/Victor Zelentsov.

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jsc2020e017000 - At the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, the Soyuz MS-16 spacecraft and its booster are transported from the integration building to the Site 31 launch pad April 6 for final preparations for launch. Expedition 63 crewmembers Chris Cassidy of NASA and Anatoly Ivanishin and Ivan Vagner of Roscosmos are set to launch aboard the Soyuz MS-16 April 9 for a six-and-a-half month mission on the International Space Station...Andrey Shelepin/Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.

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(2 May, 2012) --- At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center at Star City, Russia on May 2, 2012, Expedition 31 Soyuz Commander Gennady Padalka kisses his granddaughter goodbye as his one of his daughters, left, looks on. Padalka, along with flight engineers Joe Acaba of NASA and cosmonaut Sergei Revin, flew to their launch site at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for final preparations for their launch to the International Space Station on May 15 in their Soyuz TMA-04M spacecraft. NASA/Stephanie Stoll

Expedition 71 Soyuz Rollout

Expedition 72 Soyuz Rollout

Expedition 72 backup crew members Jonny Kim of NASA, left, Sergey Ryzhikov and Alexey Zubritskiy of Roscosmos, right, pose for a photograph as the Soyuz rocket is rolled out by train to the launch pad at Site 31, Sunday, Sept. 8, 2024, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 72 crew members: NASA astronaut Don Pettit, Roscosmos cosmonauts Alexey Ovchinin, and Ivan Vagner, are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-26 spacecraft on September 11. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 74 Soyuz Rollout

Expedition 72 Soyuz Rollout

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - On June 8, the base for a C-band radar antenna is being constructed at a radar site on North Merritt Island, Fla. The 50-foot C-band radar will be used for long-term Shuttle missions to track the launches and observe possible debris coming from the Shuttle. The launch window for the first Return to Flight mission, STS-114, is July 13 to July 31.

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Security forces keep watch as the Soyuz rocket is rolled out by train to the launch pad at Site 31, Tuesday, April 6, 2021, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 65 NASA astronaut Mark Vande Hei, Roscosmos cosmonauts Pyotr Dubrov and Oleg Novitskiy are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-18 spacecraft on April 9. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 65 Soyuz Rollout

The service structure is raised into position around the Soyuz rocket, Sunday, Sept. 18, 2022, at site 31 of the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 68 astronaut Frank Rubio of NASA, and cosmonauts Sergey Prokopyev and Dmitri Petelin of Roscosmos are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-22 spacecraft on Sept. 21. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 68 Soyuz Rollout

Expedition 74 Soyuz Rollout

Expedition 72 Soyuz Rollout

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KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At a radar site on North Merritt Island, Fla., one of two counterweights is lifted into place on a support structure for a 50-foot C-band radar antenna dish. The radar will be used for Shuttle missions to track the launches and observe possible debris coming from the Shuttle. It will be used for the first time on STS-114. The launch window for the first Return to Flight mission is July 13 to July 31.

The Soyuz rocket is seen after being rolled out by train to the launch pad at Site 31, Tuesday, Sept. 12, 2023, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 70 NASA astronaut Loral O'Hara, Roscosmos cosmonauts Oleg Kononenko, and Nikolai Chub are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-24 spacecraft on Sept. 15. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 70 Soyuz Rollout

The Soyuz rocket is raised vertical after having rolled out by train to the launch pad, Sunday, Sept. 18, 2022, at site 31 of the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 68 astronaut Frank Rubio of NASA, and cosmonauts Sergey Prokopyev and Dmitri Petelin of Roscosmos are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-22 spacecraft on Sept. 21. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 68 Soyuz Rollout

Expedition 74 Soyuz Rollout

Expedition 74 backup crew members: Anna Kikina of Roscosmos, left, Petr Dubrov of Roscosmos, and Anil Menon of NASA, right, watch as the Soyuz rocket is rolled out by train to the launch pad, Monday, Nov. 24, 2025, at Site 31 of the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 74 crewmembers: NASA astronaut Chris Williams, Roscosmos cosmonauts Sergey Kud-Sverchkov and Sergey Mikaev are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-28 spacecraft on November 27. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

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jsc2020e017002 - At the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, the Soyuz MS-16 spacecraft and its booster are transported from the integration building to the Site 31 launch pad April 6 for final preparations for launch. Expedition 63 crewmembers Chris Cassidy of NASA and Anatoly Ivanishin and Ivan Vagner of Roscosmos are set to launch aboard the Soyuz MS-16 April 9 for a six-and-a-half month mission on the International Space Station...Andrey Shelepin/Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.

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jsc2020e016989 - At the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, the Soyuz MS-16 spacecraft and its booster are transported from the integration building to the Site 31 launch pad April 6 for final preparations for launch. Expedition 63 crewmembers Chris Cassidy of NASA and Anatoly Ivanishin and Ivan Vagner of Roscosmos are set to launch aboard the Soyuz MS-16 April 9 for a six-and-a-half month mission on the International Space Station...NASA/Victor Zelentsov.

Expedition 68 Soyuz Rollout

Expedition 74 Soyuz Rollout

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KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At a radar site on North Merritt Island, Fla., the 50-foot C-band radar antenna dish is lifted above the support structure, where it will be installed on top. The radar will be used for Shuttle missions to track the launches and observe possible debris coming from the Shuttle. It will be used for the first time on STS-114. The launch window for the first Return to Flight mission is July 13 to July 31.

Expedition 68 Soyuz Rollout

Expedition 74 Soyuz Rollout

Expedition 65 Preflight

A banner celebrating the 60th anniversary of the launch of Yuri Gagarin is seen at the site 31 launch pad prior to boarding Expedition 65 NASA astronaut Mark Vande Hei, Russian cosmonauts Oleg Novitskiy and Pyotr Dubrov, Friday, April 9, 2021 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Launch of the Soyuz rocket sent the trio on a mission to the International Space Station. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 63 Crew Waves Farewell

jsc2020e017126 - Expedition 63 Crew Waves Farewell - Expedition 63 crewmembers Ivan Vagner of Roscosmos, Chris Cassidy of NASA, and Anatoly Ivanishin of Roscosmos climb aboard the Soyuz MS-16 rocket at Site 31 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Thursday, April 9, 2020. They launched a short time later to the International Space Station for the start of a six-and-a-half month mission. Photo Credit: (NASA/GCTC/Andrey Shelepin)

Expedition 74 Soyuz Rollout

The Soyuz rocket is rolled out by train to the launch pad at Site 31, Tuesday, Sept. 12, 2023, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 70 NASA astronaut Loral O'Hara, Roscosmos cosmonauts Oleg Kononenko, and Nikolai Chub are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-24 spacecraft on Sept. 15. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 70 Soyuz Rollout

Technicians work on the Soyuz rocket after it was rolled out by train to the launch pad, Monday, Nov. 24, 2025, at Site 31 of the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 74 crewmembers: NASA astronaut Chris Williams, Roscosmos cosmonauts Sergey Kud-Sverchkov and Sergey Mikaev are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-28 spacecraft on November 27. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Expedition 74 Soyuz Rollout

Expedition 71 Soyuz Rollout

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KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - On a radar site on North Merritt Island, Fla., a crane lifts part of the structure to be added to the support base for a 50-foot C-band radar antenna. The radar will be used for Shuttle missions to track the launches and observe possible debris coming from the Shuttle. It will be used for the first time on STS-114. The launch window for the first Return to Flight mission is July 13 to July 31.

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KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At a radar site on North Merritt Island, Fla., the second counterweight (left side) is moved into place on the support structure for a 50-foot C-band radar antenna dish. The radar will be used for Shuttle missions to track the launches and observe possible debris coming from the Shuttle. It will be used for the first time on STS-114. The launch window for the first Return to Flight mission is July 13 to July 31.

Expedition 64 Soyuz Rollout

The Soyuz rocket is rolled out by train to the launch pad at Site 31, Sunday, Oct. 11, 2020, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 64 Russian cosmonauts Sergey Ryzhikov and Sergey Kud-Sverchkov of Roscosmos, and NASA astronaut Kate Rubins are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-17 spacecraft on Oct. 14 to start a six-month mission onboard the International Space Station. Photo Credit: (NASA/GCTC/Andrey Shelepin)

Expedition 73 Soyuz Rollout

The Soyuz rocket is seen inside the integration building before it is rolled out by train to the launch pad at Site 31, Saturday, April 5, 2025, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Expedition 73 crewmembers: NASA astronaut Jonny Kim, and Roscosmos cosmonauts Sergey Ryzhikov and Alexey Zubritskiy, are scheduled to launch aboard their Soyuz MS-27 spacecraft on April 8. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

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(26 April 2012) -- At the headquarters of the Russian Federal Space Agency, Expedition 31 backup crewmembers Kevin Ford of NASA (left), and Russian cosmonauts Evgeny Tarelkin and Oleg Novitskiy, field questions from Roscosmos officials April 26, 2012 prior to their departure May 2 for their launch site in Baikonur, Kazakhstan. Prime crewmembers Gennady Padalka, Sergei Revin and Joe Acaba (not pictured) are scheduled to launch to the International Space Station May 15 in their Soyuz TMA-04M spacecraft. Photo credit: NASA

Expedition 63 Crew Waves Farewell

jsc2020e017125 - Expedition 63 Crew Waves Farewell - Expedition 63 crewmember Anatoly Ivanishin of Roscosmos, waves goodbye as he, Chris Cassidy of NASA, and Ivan Vagner of Roscosmos prepare to climb aboard the Soyuz MS-16 rocket at Site 31 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Thursday, April 9, 2020. They launched a short time later to the International Space Station for the start of a six-and-a-half month mission. Photo Credit: (NASA/GCTC/Andrey Shelepin)