Technicians carefully disassemble portions of the aperture mounting assembly from NASA's SOFIA aircraft in preparation for removal of the telescope.

The instrument enclosure for NASA's Near-Earth Object Surveyor is prepared for environmental testing inside the historic Chamber A in the Space Environment Simulation Laboratory at the agency's Johnson Space Center in Houston in December 2024. Mounted to its articulating platform, on which it was securely positioned during assembly, the 12-foot-long (3.7-meter-long) angular structure was inspected by technicians before being placed inside the testing chamber. Figure A shows the reflective side of the instrument enclosure as it was rotated on the assembly dolly before being transferred to a testing platform. The cavernous opening to Chamber A is in the background. The instrument enclosure is designed to protect the spacecraft's infrared telescope while also removing heat from it during operations. After environmental testing was completed, the enclosure returned to NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California for further work, after which it will ship to the Space Dynamics Laboratory (SDL) in Logan, Utah, and be joined to the telescope. Both the instrument enclosure and telescope were assembled at JPL. As NASA's first space-based detection mission specifically designed for planetary defense, NEO Surveyor will seek out, measure, and characterize the hardest-to-find asteroids and comets that might pose a hazard to Earth. While many near-Earth objects don't reflect much visible light, they glow brightly in infrared light due to heating by the Sun. The spacecraft's telescope, which has an aperture of nearly 20 inches (50 centimeters), features detectors sensitive to two infrared wavelengths in which near-Earth objects re-radiate solar heat. Targeting launch in late 2027, the NEO Surveyor mission is led by Prof. Amy Mainzer at UCLA for NASA's Planetary Defense Coordination Office and is being managed by JPL for the Planetary Missions Program Office at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. BAE Systems, SDL, and Teledyne are among the companies that were contracted to build the spacecraft and its instrumentation. The Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado Boulder will support operations, and Caltech/IPAC in Pasadena, California, is responsible for producing some of the mission's data products. Caltech manages JPL for NASA. https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA26582

An engineer inspects the surface of four mid-wavelength infrared science detectors for NASA’s Near-Earth Object (NEO) Surveyor mission atop a clean room bench at the Space Dynamics Laboratory (SDL) in Logan, Utah. Mounted to a sensor chip assembly, the four blue-green-colored detectors are made with mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe), a versatile semiconducting alloy that is sensitive to infrared wavelengths. There are two such assemblies that form the heart of NEO Surveyor’s two science cameras. These state-of-the-art cameras sense solar heat re-radiated by near-Earth objects. The mission’s cameras and telescope, which has an aperture of nearly 20 inches (50 centimeters), will be housed inside the spacecraft’s instrument enclosure, a structure that is designed to ensure heat produced by the spacecraft and instrument during operations doesn’t interfere with its infrared observations. Targeting launch in late 2027, the NEO Surveyor mission is led by Professor Amy Mainzer at the University of California, Los Angeles for NASA’s Planetary Defense Coordination Office and is being managed by the agency’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California for the Planetary Missions Program Office at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. BAE Systems and the Space Dynamics Laboratory in Logan, Utah, and Teledyne are among the companies that were contracted to build the spacecraft and its instrumentation. The Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado Boulder will support operations, and IPAC at Caltech in Pasadena, California, is responsible for producing some of the mission’s data products. Caltech manages JPL for NASA. More information about NEO Surveyor is available at: https://science.nasa.gov/mission/neo-surveyor/

Four mid-wavelength infrared science detectors for NASA’s Near-Earth Object (NEO) Surveyor mission are shown here on a clean room bench at the Space Dynamics Laboratory (SDL) in Logan, Utah. Mounted to a sensor chip assembly, the four blue-green-colored detectors are made with mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe), a versatile semiconducting alloy that is sensitive to infrared wavelengths. There are two such assemblies that form the heart of NEO Surveyor’s two science cameras. These state-of-the-art cameras sense solar heat re-radiated by near-Earth objects. The mission’s cameras and telescope, which has an aperture of nearly 20 inches (50 centimeters), will be housed inside the spacecraft’s instrument enclosure, a structure that is designed to ensure heat produced by the spacecraft and instrument during operations doesn’t interfere with its infrared observations. Targeting launch in late 2027, the NEO Surveyor mission is led by Professor Amy Mainzer at the University of California, Los Angeles for NASA’s Planetary Defense Coordination Office and is being managed by the agency’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California for the Planetary Missions Program Office at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. BAE Systems and the Space Dynamics Laboratory in Logan, Utah, and Teledyne are among the companies that were contracted to build the spacecraft and its instrumentation. The Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado Boulder will support operations, and IPAC at Caltech in Pasadena, California, is responsible for producing some of the mission’s data products. Caltech manages JPL for NASA. More information about NEO Surveyor is available at: https://science.nasa.gov/mission/neo-surveyor/

The lid of a specialized container is lifted to reveal NISAR, the Earth-observing radar satellite jointly developed by NASA and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), shortly after the spacecraft's arrival at ISRO's Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota on India's southeastern coast on May 16, 2025. The NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) satellite had departed about two days earlier from the ISRO Satellite Integration and Test Establishment (ISITE) in Bengaluru. At ISITE, engineers from the Indian space agency and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, which manages the mission for NASA, had worked together since March 2023 to bring together components and assemble the satellite. They also tested the spacecraft to ensure it can withstand the rigors of launch and function properly in orbit. In the early morning of May 14, crews placed the satellite in the specialized container and transported it about 220 miles (360 kilometers) by truck to the space center. Prior to launch the satellite will be encapsulated in its payload fairing and mounted atop an ISRO Geosynchronous Launch Vehicle Mark II rocket. In orbit, NISAR will collect an unprecedented amount of information about change on our home planet. It will scan nearly all of Earth's land and ice surfaces twice every 12 days, providing insights into the growth and retreat of ice sheets, sea ice, and glaciers, the deformation of the planet's crust due to natural hazards, as well as natural and human-caused changes to its terrestrial ecosystems, including forests and wetlands. https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA26500

Technicians carefully maneuver a spreader bar into place before removing the telescope aperture assembly from NASA's SOFIA infrared observatory Boeing 747SP.

Technicians guide removal of the upper rigid door assembly that covers the telescope cavity on NASA's SOFIA 747SP in preparation for primary mirror removal.

A large mobile crane and hi-lift are maneuvered into place for removal of the aperture assembly and cavity doors from NASA's SOFIA observatory aircraft.