
Jim Banke, left, and Todd Halvorson were honored as Chroniclers during a ceremony May 3, 2019, at Kennedy Space Center’s NASA News Center. The duo covered the space program together for Florida Today for 12 years. Also inducted as members were radio broadcaster Vic Ratner and photojournalist Peter Cosgrove. They were selected by a committee of their peers on March 25. The Chroniclers recognizes retirees of the news and communications business who have helped spread the news of American space exploration from Kennedy for 10 years or more.

Current and former NASA officials, space journalists, and friends and families gather in Kennedy Space Center’s NASA News Center in Florida during a ceremony May 3, 2019, in which four individuals were added to The Chroniclers roll of honor. The program recognizes retirees of the news and communications business who have helped spread news of American space exploration from Kennedy for 10 years or more. The 2019 Chroniclers are journalists Jim Banke and Todd Halvorson, radio broadcaster Vic Ratner and photographer Peter Cosgrove. They were selected by a committee of their peers on March 25.

Vic Ratner, former radio broadcaster for ABC Radio, shares a few remarks after he is inducted as a 2019 Chronicler during a ceremony at Kennedy Space Center’s NASA News Center in Florida on May 3, 2019. Also honored as Chroniclers were journalists Jim Banke and Todd Halvorson, and photographer Peter Cosgrove. The Chroniclers recognizes retirees of the news and communications business who have helped spread news of American space exploration from Kennedy for 10 years or more. The group of four was selected by a committee of their peers on March 25. Their names were engraved on brass strips and added to The Chroniclers wall display in the news center and were unveiled during the ceremony.

Jim Banke, former journalist with Florida Today, shares a few remarks after he is inducted as a 2019 Chronicler during a ceremony at Kennedy Space Center’s NASA News Center in Florida on May 3, 2019. Also honored as Chroniclers were journalist Todd Halvorson, photographer Peter Cosgrove and radio broadcaster Vic Ratner. The Chroniclers recognizes retirees of the news and communications business who have helped spread news of American space exploration from Kennedy for 10 years or more. The group of four was selected by a committee of their peers on March 25. Their names were engraved on brass strips and added to The Chroniclers wall display in the news center and were unveiled during the ceremony.

NASA Public Affairs Officer Greg Harland addresses a crowd of family and friends, current and former NASA officials, and space journalists during a ceremony May 3, 2019, in which four individuals were added to The Chroniclers roll of honor. The program recognizes retirees of the news and communications business who have helped spread news of American space exploration from Kennedy for 10 years or more. The 2019 Chroniclers are journalists Jim Banke and Todd Halvorson, radio broadcaster Vic Ratner and photographer Peter Cosgrove. They were selected by a committee of their peers on March 25.

Todd Halvorson, former journalist with Florida Today, shares a few remarks after he is inducted as a 2019 Chronicler during a ceremony at Kennedy Space Center’s NASA News Center in Florida on May 3, 2019. Also honored as Chroniclers were journalist Jim Banke, photographer Peter Cosgrove and radio broadcaster Vic Ratner. The Chroniclers recognizes retirees of the news and communications business who have helped spread news of American space exploration from Kennedy for 10 years or more. The group of four was selected by a committee of their peers on March 25. Their names were engraved on brass strips and added to The Chroniclers wall display in the news center and were unveiled during the ceremony.

NASA Public Affairs Officer Greg Harland, right, poses for a photograph with newly inducted Chronicler Todd Halvorson during a ceremony at Kennedy Space Center’s NASA News Center in Florida on May 3, 2019. Halvorson covered the space program from Kennedy for more than three decades and also was senior aerospace reporter at Florida Today. Also inducted as members were journalist Jim Banke, radio broadcaster Vic Ratner and photographer Peter Cosgrove. They were selected by a committee of their peers on March 25. The Chroniclers recognizes retirees of the news and communications business who have helped spread news of American space exploration from Kennedy for 10 years or more.

Todd Halvorson, former journalist for Florida Today, addresses a crowd of family and friends, current and former NASA officials, and space journalists after he is inducted as a 2019 Chronicler during a ceremony at Kennedy Space Center’s NASA News Center in Florida on May 3, 2019. Also honored as Chroniclers were journalist Jim Banke, radio broadcaster Vic Ratner and photographer Peter Cosgrove. The Chroniclers recognizes retirees of the news and communications business who have helped spread news of American space exploration from Kennedy for 10 years or more. The group of four was selected by a committee of their peers on March 25. Their names were engraved on brass strips and added to The Chroniclers wall display in the news center and were unveiled during the ceremony.

Peter Cosgrove was honored as a Chronicler during a ceremony May 3, 2019, at Kennedy Space Center’s NASA News Center in Florida. Cosgrove passed away earlier in 2019, and his award was accepted by members of his family on his behalf. Cosgrove was a photographer with the Associated Press, and his career in photojournalism spanned 50 years. He covered four Apollo Moon mission crew recoveries and more than 100 space shuttle launches. Also inducted as members were journalists Jim Banke and Todd Halvorson, and radio broadcaster Vic Ratner. They were selected by a committee of their peers on March 25. The Chroniclers recognizes retirees of the news and communications business who have helped spread news of American space exploration from Kennedy for 10 years or more.

NASA Public Affairs Officer Greg Harland, right, poses for a photograph with newly inducted Chronicler Jim Banke during a ceremony at Kennedy Space Center’s NASA News Center in Florida on May 3, 2019. Banke spent many years with Florida Today and covered the Space Shuttle Program and many other launches from Kennedy and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station for more than 20 years. Also inducted as members were journalist Todd Halvorson, radio broadcaster Vic Ratner and photographer Peter Cosgrove. They were selected by a committee of their peers on March 25. The Chroniclers recognizes retirees of the news and communications business who have helped spread news of American space exploration from Kennedy for 10 years or more.

Vic Ratner, former radio broadcaster for ABC Radio, addresses a crowd of family and friends, current and former NASA officials, and space journalists after he is inducted as a 2019 Chronicler during a ceremony at Kennedy Space Center’s NASA News Center in Florida on May 3, 2019. Also honored as Chroniclers were journalists Jim Banke and Todd Halvorson, and photographer Peter Cosgrove. The Chroniclers recognizes retirees of the news and communications business who have helped spread news of American space exploration from Kennedy for 10 years or more. The group of four was selected by a committee of their peers on March 25. Their names were engraved on brass strips and added to The Chroniclers wall display in the news center and were unveiled during the ceremony.

Working in the Mobile Operations Facility at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California, NASA Advanced Air Mobility researcher Dennis Iannicca adjusts a control board to capture Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) data during test flights. The data will be used to understand ADS-B signal loss scenarios for air taxi flights in urban areas.

NASA pilot Kurt Blankenship maps out flight plans during a pre-flight brief. Pilots, crew, and researchers from NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California and NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland are briefed on the flight plan to gather Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast signal data between the aircraft and ping-Stations on the ground at NASA Armstrong. These flights are the first cross-center research activity with the Pilatus-PC-12 at NASA Armstrong.

Leland Melvin, NASA Associate Administrator for Education and former astronaut, is interviewed by sixth grade students from the Broadcast Media Class at Eliot Hine Middle School on Friday, March 1, 2013 in Washington. The radio club program, Eliot Hine Radio, is broadcast live on the internet. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

Leland Melvin, NASA Associate Administrator for Education and former astronaut, is interviewed by sixth grade students from the Broadcast Media Class at Eliot Hine Middle School on Friday, March 1, 2013 in Washington. The radio club program, Eliot Hine Radio, is broadcast live on the internet. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

NASA Armstrong Interns watch a live broadcast of a town hall with Administrator Jim Bridenstine for National Intern Day 2018

iss042e000043 (11/12/2014) --- Russian cosmonauts Elena Serova and Alexander Samoukutyaev during a broadcast interview abosrd the International Space Station.

NASA Broadcast Host Tahira Allen, Space Physicist Gina DiBraccio, and NASA astronaut Reid Wiseman are seen during the broadcast of the total solar eclipse in Kerrville, TX on Monday, April 8, 2024. A total solar eclipse swept across a narrow portion of the North American continent from Mexico’s Pacific coast to the Atlantic coast of Newfoundland, Canada. A partial solar eclipse was visible across the entire North American continent along with parts of Central America and Europe. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA Broadcast Host Tahira Allen, Space Physicist Gina DiBraccio, and NASA astronaut Reid Wiseman are seen during the broadcast of the total solar eclipse in Kerrville, TX on Monday, April 8, 2024. A total solar eclipse swept across a narrow portion of the North American continent from Mexico’s Pacific coast to the Atlantic coast of Newfoundland, Canada. A partial solar eclipse was visible across the entire North American continent along with parts of Central America and Europe. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Equipped with state-of-the-art technology to test and evaluate communication, navigation, and surveillance systems NASA’s Pilatus PC-12 performs touch-and-go maneuvers over a runway at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California on Sept. 23, 2024. Researchers will use the data to understand Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) signal loss scenarios for air taxi flights in urban areas. To prepare for ADS-B test flights pilots and crew from NASA Armstrong and NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, ran a series of familiarization flights. These flights included several approach and landings, with an emphasis on avionics, medium altitude air-work with steep turns, slow flight and stall demonstrations.

Astronaut Don Thomas and the crowd cheer at the moment of the Apollo 11 touchdown on the Moon during a replay of the 1969 television broadcast at the Summer Moon Festival, Wapakoneta, Ohio, Apollo 11 Moon Landing 50th Anniversary

NASA CTO Douglas Terrier is interviewed by NBC's Tom Costello during an Eclipse Across America broadcast aboard the USS Yorktown in Charleston, South Carolina on Aug. 21, 2017.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Media broadcast outside of the NASA News Center as they report the tragic loss of Space Shuttle Columbia as it was returning to Earth on mission STS-107.

NASA CTO Douglas Terrier talks with the "Today Show's" Al Roker about NASA's science research during an Eclipse Across America broadcast aboard the USS Yorktown in Charleston, South Carolina on Aug. 21, 2017.

Students participate in the JASON Project's 2004-05 expedition, `Disappearing Wetlands' at SSC, conducting field lab experiments and watching live broadcasts from JASON Expedition Louisiana research sites.

NASA STS-130 Pilot Terry Virts, center, is interviewed by Washington Nationals radio broadcasters Charlie Slowes, right, and David Jageler on Tuesday, April 20, 2010, in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Employees at KSC gather to watch the memorial service for the fallen seven astronauts of Columbia being held at Johnson Space Center, Houston, and broadcast on NASA television. .

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Employees at KSC reveal emotion as they watch the memorial service for the fallen seven astronauts of Columbia being held at Johnson Space Center, Houston, and broadcast on NASA television. .

Vic Ratner, left, and Todd Halvorson unveil their names, along with the names of Jim Banke and Peter Cosgrove, now on display on The Chroniclers wall at Kennedy Space Center’s NASA News Center in Florida during a ceremony May 3, 2019. Banke, Halvorson, Ratner and Cosgrove were honored as members of The Chroniclers, which recognizes retirees of the news and communications business who have helped spread news of American space exploration from Kennedy for 10 years or more. They were selected by a committee of their peers on March 25.

A poster bearing the names and photos of the four new honorees distinguished as Chroniclers stands in Kennedy Space Center’s NASA News Center in Florida during a ceremony on May 3, 2019. The Chroniclers recognizes retirees of the news and communications business who have helped spread news of American space exploration from Kennedy for 10 years or more. From top left to bottom right are Jim Banke, Florida Today; Peter Cosgrove, Associated Press photographer; Todd Halvorson, Florida Today; and Vic Ratner, ABC Radio. The group of four was selected by a committee of their peers on March 25.

Four honorees were added as members to The Chroniclers during a ceremony May 3, 2019, at Kennedy Space Center’s NASA News Center. From left to right in the front row are Vic Ratner, Todd Halvorson and Jim Banke. A photograph of Peter Cosgrove also was placed in the front row in his memory, as he passed away earlier in 2019. They were selected by a committee of their peers on March 25. The Chroniclers recognizes retirees of the news and communications business who have helped spread news of American space exploration from Kennedy for 10 years or more.

NASA Public Affairs Officer Greg Harland, right, poses for a photograph with newly inducted Chronicler Vic Ratner during a ceremony at Kennedy Space Center’s NASA News Center in Florida on May 3, 2019. Ratner covered the space program for ABC Radio and was the only radio correspondent on the air live during the Space Shuttle Challenger accident, providing on-the-scene information for more than five hours that day after the tragedy. Also inducted as members were journalists Jim Banke and Todd Halvorson, and photographer Peter Cosgrove. They were selected by a committee of their peers on March 25. The Chroniclers recognizes retirees of the news and communications business who have helped spread news of American space exploration from Kennedy for 10 years or more.

Brass strips engraved with the names of Jim Banke, Peter Cosgrove, Todd Halvorson and Vic Ratner were unveiled during a ceremony on May 3, 2019, at Kennedy Space Center’s NASA News Center in Florida. Banke, Halvorson, Ratner and Cosgrove were honored as members of The Chroniclers, which recognizes retirees of the news and communications business who have helped spread news of American space exploration from Kennedy for 10 years or more. They were selected by a committee of their peers on March 25.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Center Director Roy Bridges Jr. (center) cuts the ribbon for the opening of KSC Direct, the new Web-Broadcast Studio at KSC. Joining him are (left to right) Dennis Armstrong, Web Multimedia manager; JoAnn H. Morgan, director of External Relations and Business Development; Bridges; Vanessa Stromer, Information Technology Division, Spaceport Services; and Brian Chase, district director for Congressman Dave Weldon, who was unable to attend the ceremony. Located in the News Center on the Press Mound at KSC, the Web Broadcast Studio provides video clips of launches, landings and other KSC events in a real-time environment, called KSC Direct, through KSC's Web pages

Vigilant Aerospace Systems CEO Kraettli Epperson, left, and NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center Director David McBride, sign the agreement for the company to commercialize a large drone communication system for the Federal Aviation Administration's aircraft tracking system called the Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast. This communication system, which is to be mandated by the FAA for most aircraft in 2020, brings large, unmanned aircraft a step closer to flying in the National Airspace System.

Leslie Auturo, left, interviews NASA Associate Administrator for Education for Eliot Hine Radio, a radio program at Eliot Hine Middle School, on Friday, March, 1, 2013 in Washington. Eliot Hine Radio is a production of the Broadcast Media Class. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

VANDENBERG AFB, Calif. – NASA TV technicians work on the broadcast for the launch of a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket carrying the Landsat Data Continuity Mission spacecraft from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. Photo credit: NASA/Ben Smegelsky

The 2009 Philo T. Farnsworth Primetime Emmy Award Statue given to NASA Television in recognition for engineering excellence and technological innovations that made possible the first live TV broadcast from the moon by the Apollo 11 is shown on Aug. 19, 2009 at NASA Headquarters in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

The 2009 Philo T. Farnsworth Primetime Emmy Award Statue given to NASA Television in recognition for engineering excellence and technological innovations that made possible the first live TV broadcast from the moon by the Apollo 11 is shown on Aug. 19, 2009 at NASA Headquarters in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Florida Governor Ron DeSantis speaks to invited guests at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida during a prelaunch briefing for Boeing’s uncrewed Orbital Flight Test, Dec. 20, 2019. A United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket carrying Boeing’s CST-100 Starliner spacecraft launched at 6:36 a.m. EST from Space Launch Complex 41 at Florida’s Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The Orbital Flight Test is the Starliner’s first flight for NASA’s Commercial Crew Program.

A two-stage United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket lifts off from Space Launch Complex 41 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida for Boeing’s Orbital Flight Test, Dec. 20, 2019. Liftoff occurred at 6:36 a.m. EST. The uncrewed Orbital Flight Test is the Starliner’s first flight for NASA’s Commercial Crew Program.

In the foreground, from left to right, Florida Governor Ron DeSantis; Tory Bruno, president and chief executive officer of United Launch Alliance; and NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine watch the launch of a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket carrying Boeing’s CST-100 Starliner spacecraft for Boeing’s Orbital Flight Test, Dec. 20, 2019. Liftoff occurred at 6:36 a.m. EST from Space Launch Complex 41 at Florida’s Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The uncrewed Orbital Flight Test is the Starliner’s first flight for NASA’s Commercial Crew Program.

Tory Bruno, president and chief executive officer of United Launch Alliance, left, and NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine watch the launch of a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket carrying Boeing’s CST-100 Starliner spacecraft for Boeing’s Orbital Flight Test, Dec. 20, 2019. Liftoff occurred at 6:36 a.m. EST from Space Launch Complex 41 at Florida’s Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The uncrewed Orbital Flight Test is the Starliner’s first flight for NASA’s Commercial Crew Program.

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine, left, and Tory Bruno, president and chief executive officer of United Launch Alliance, wait at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida to see the liftoff of a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket carrying Boeing’s CST-100 Starliner spacecraft for Boeing’s Orbital Flight Test, Dec. 20, 2019. Liftoff occurred at 6:36 a.m. EST from Space Launch Complex 41 at Florida’s Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The uncrewed Orbital Flight Test is the Starliner’s first flight for NASA’s Commercial Crew Program.

A two-stage United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket lifts off from Space Launch Complex 41 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida for Boeing’s Orbital Flight Test, Dec. 20, 2019. Liftoff occurred at 6:36 a.m. EST. The uncrewed Orbital Flight Test is the Starliner’s first flight for NASA’s Commercial Crew Program.

Tory Bruno, president and chief executive officer of United Launch Alliance, left, and NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine wait at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida to see the liftoff of a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket carrying Boeing’s CST-100 Starliner spacecraft for Boeing’s Orbital Flight Test, Dec. 20, 2019. Liftoff occurred at 6:36 a.m. EST from Space Launch Complex 41 at Florida’s Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The uncrewed Orbital Flight Test is the Starliner’s first flight for NASA’s Commercial Crew Program.

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine, left, and Tory Bruno, president and chief executive officer of United Launch Alliance, wait at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida to see the liftoff of a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket carrying Boeing’s CST-100 Starliner spacecraft for Boeing’s Orbital Flight Test, Dec. 20, 2019. Liftoff occurred at 6:36 a.m. EST from Space Launch Complex 41 at Florida’s Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The uncrewed Orbital Flight Test is the Starliner’s first flight for NASA’s Commercial Crew Program.

From left to right, NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine; Tory Bruno, president and chief executive officer of United Launch Alliance; and Florida Governor Ron DeSantis wait at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida to see the liftoff of a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket carrying Boeing’s CST-100 Starliner spacecraft for Boeing’s Orbital Flight Test, Dec. 20, 2019. Liftoff occurred at 6:36 a.m. EST from Space Launch Complex 41 at Florida’s Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The uncrewed Orbital Flight Test is the Starliner’s first flight for NASA’s Commercial Crew Program.

In the foreground, from left to right, Florida Governor Ron DeSantis; Tory Bruno, president and chief executive officer of United Launch Alliance; and NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine watch the launch of a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket carrying Boeing’s CST-100 Starliner spacecraft for Boeing’s Orbital Flight Test, Dec. 20, 2019. Liftoff occurred at 6:36 a.m. EST from Space Launch Complex 41 at Florida’s Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The uncrewed Orbital Flight Test is the Starliner’s first flight for NASA’s Commercial Crew Program.

Boeing astronaut Chris Ferguson speaks to invited guests at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida during a prelaunch briefing for Boeing’s uncrewed Orbital Flight Test, Dec. 20, 2019. A United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket carrying Boeing’s CST-100 Starliner spacecraft launched at 6:36 a.m. EST from Space Launch Complex 41 at Florida’s Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The Orbital Flight Test is the Starliner’s first flight for NASA’s Commercial Crew Program.

A two-stage United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket lifts off from Space Launch Complex 41 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida for Boeing’s Orbital Flight Test, Dec. 20, 2019. Liftoff occurred at 6:36 a.m. EST. The uncrewed Orbital Flight Test is the Starliner’s first flight to the International Space Station for NASA’s Commercial Crew Program.

NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine speaks to invited guests at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida during a prelaunch briefing for Boeing’s uncrewed Orbital Flight Test, Dec. 20, 2019. A United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket carrying Boeing’s CST-100 Starliner spacecraft launched at 6:36 a.m. EST from Space Launch Complex 41 at Florida’s Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The Orbital Flight Test is the Starliner’s first flight for NASA’s Commercial Crew Program.
KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - NASA Administrator Mike Griffin (left) and HDNet Chairman and President Mark Cuban shake hands after announcing an agreement for HDNet to provide high definition TV coverage of space shuttle launches through 2010. The announcement was made at a news conference held in Colorado Springs, Colo. The news conference was hosted by the Space Foundation during its 22nd National Space Symposium that ended today. HDNet will broadcast the shuttle flights in high definition TV, known as HDTV, which has at least twice the resolution of standard television formats. HDNet also will provide the agency a standard broadcast signal of launches for use by media networks and NASA TV. When possible, it will air HDTV coverage of NASA's expendable rocket launches on its network.

Based out of NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, the Pilatus PC-12 is flying over the compass rose in the Roger’s Dry Lakebed at NASA’s Armstrong Flight Research Center, in Edwards, California. The compass rose is more than 4,000 feet in diameter and aligned to magnetic north, to test navigation equipment on aircraft. The Pilatus PC-12 tests communications technology for the emerging Advanced Air Mobility ecosystem. Pilots and crew from both centers perform familiarization flights to prepare for Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) systems tests between the aircraft and ping-Stations on the ground at Armstrong Flight Research Center. These flights are the first cross-center activity with the Pilatus-PC-12 at Armstrong Flight Research Center.

Equipped with state-of-the-art technology to test and evaluate communication, navigation, and surveillance systems, NASA’s Pilatus PC-12 flies over the Mojave Desert near Armstrong Flight Research Center in Edwards, California. Based at Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, the Pilatus PC-12 runs a series of familiarization flights for NASA Armstrong pilots before a test series evaluating ADS-B or Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast systems for advanced air mobility applications in the desert flight test range on Sept. 18, 2024. Airborne work during familiarization flights includes several approach and landings, with an emphasis on avionics, then medium altitude air-work with steep turns, slow flight, and stall demonstrations to qualitatively understand the handling characteristics of the aircraft. The flights lasted about 60 to 90 minutes on average.

Stephanie Martin, left, NASA Office of Communications, and Nilufar Ramji, NASA Office of STEM Engagement, host a live broadcast of “STEM Forward to the Moon” on July 19, 2019 from Kennedy Space Center’s Apollo/Saturn V Center in Florida. The special program featured kids participating in Moon landing simulations at four museums throughout the country: Cosmosphere in Hutchinson, Kansas; Saint Louis Science Center; Columbia Memorial Space Center in Downey, California; and Arizona Science Center in Phoenix.

In a news conference broadcast live on NASA TV, key NASA leaders discussed the significance of the successful 500-second test of the agency's new J-2X rocket engine at Stennis Space Center on Nov. 9. The engine will provide upper-stage power for NASA's new Space Launch System being developed to carry humans deeper into space than ever before. Participating in the session were: (l to r) Dan Kanigan, Dan Dumbacher, Joan 'Jody' Singer, Stennis Director Patrick Scheuermann and Mike Kynard.

Kennedy Space Center Director Bob Cabana addresses Kennedy employees in the center’s training auditorium following a live broadcast presentation by NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine on July 29, 2019. Cabana stressed the importance of a continued focus on safety and touched on important milestones in the coming year, including manned test missions by Boeing and SpaceX from the Florida spaceport.

A student gets ready to catch a plastic tube carrying a small fluid bottle and a wireless video camera. As it arced through the air, the container was in free-fall -- just like astronauts in space -- and the TV camera broadcast images of how the fluid behaved. The activity was part of the Space Research and You education event held by NASA's Office of Biological and Physical Research on June 25, 2002, in Arlington, VA, to highlight the research that will be conducted on STS-107. (Digital camera image; no film original.

Tawnya Laughinghouse, NASA’s Technology Demonstration Missions program manager, talks about the NASA payloads hitching a ride on the Space Test Program-2 (STP-2) mission during a prelaunch technology TV broadcast at Kennedy Space Center in Florida on June 23, 2019. STP-2 is managed by the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center.

Kennedy Space Center Director Bob Cabana addresses Kennedy employees in the center’s training auditorium following a live broadcast presentation by NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine on July 29, 2019. Cabana stressed the importance of a continued focus on safety and touched on important milestones in the coming year, including manned test missions by Boeing and SpaceX from the Florida spaceport.

Jay Barbree, a renowned NBC broadcaster and author, emcees the 50th anniversary gala capping a year-long celebration of 50 years of rocket launches from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The first launch at CCAFS took place at 9:28 a.m. on July 24, 1950, with the liftoff of Bumper 8 from Launch Complex 3. The gala was hosted by the Cape Canaveral Chapter Air Force Association

The Washington National Cathedral Choir performs a choral performance of Apollo 8's Christmas Eve broadcast during the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum's Spirit of Apollo event commemorating the 50th anniversary of Apollo 8, Tuesday, Dec. 11, 2018 at the Washington National Cathedral in Washington, DC. Apollo 8 was humanity's first journey to another world, taking astronauts Frank Borman, Jim Lovell, and William Anders to the Moon and back in December of 1968. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Inside NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Apollo/Saturn V Center, former CBS broadcaster Walter Cronkite (left) and former astronaut Neil Armstrong (center) are interviewed by CBS correspondent Ed Bradley (right). Armstrong talked about his historic milestone - walking on the moon - and the public’s response and affect on his career afterward. The show aired Nov. 6.

Scientists from the Cassini project at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the European Space Agency talk to photojournalists, news reporters, writers, television broadcasters, and cameramen in the Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility (PHSF) during the Cassini press showing. Cassini will launch on Oct. 6, 1997, on an Air Force Titan IV/Centaur launch vehicle and will arrive at Saturn in July 2004 to begin an international scientific mission to study the planet and its systems. Cassini is managed for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at Pasadena, Calif

Kennedy Space Center employees listen to NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine speak during an agency-wide address, broadcast live to NASA centers throughout the country, on Jan. 29, 2019. Bridenstine thanked employees for their patience and commitment to the agency during the government shutdown. He also called 2019 “a big year” for NASA and stated his optimism for the agency’s future.

Posing for a photograph during the 50th anniversary gala capping a year-long celebration of 50 years of rocket launches from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station are Center Director Roy Bridges (left) and renowned NBC broadcaster, author and emcee Jay Barbree. The first launch at CCAFS took place at 9:28 a.m. on July 24, 1950, with the liftoff of Bumper 8 from Launch Complex 3. The gala was hosted by the Cape Canaveral Chapter Air Force Association

Kennedy Space Center Director Bob Cabana addresses Kennedy employees in the center’s training auditorium following a live broadcast presentation by NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine on July 29, 2019. Cabana stressed the importance of a continued focus on safety and touched on important milestones in the coming year, including manned test missions by Boeing and SpaceX from the Florida spaceport.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - The CBS news program “60 Minutes” is taping a segment inside NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Apollo/Saturn V Center. Correspondent Ed Bradley (right) is seen here interviewing former astronaut Neil Armstrong, the subject of the interview. They talked about Armstrong’s historic milestone - walking on the moon - and the public’s response and affect on his career afterward. In the background is CBS broadcaster Walter Cronkite, who reunited with Armstrong for the 60 Minutes show. The show aired Nov. 6.

iss063e068100 (8/12/2020) --- Photo documentation of the Space Studio KIBO setup in the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The Space Frontier Studio KIBO is a broadcasting studio that is constructed and operated in the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM), also known as Kibo. The studio can livestream activities, interactive entertainment, and communication from space.

NASA astronaut Shane Kimbrough participates in a live broadcast on Periscope about his time onboard the International Space Station (ISS) during Expeditions 49/50, Tuesday, September 12, 2017 at Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum in Washington. During Expedition 50, Kimbrough completed four spacewalks for a total of 39 hours outside the ISS, and concluded his 173-day mission when he landed in a remote area near the town of Zhezkazgan, Kazakhstan in April 2017. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

This aerial view is of the buildings that comprise the NASA Press Site in the Launch Complex 39 area. The first large building on the left is the grandstand from which media representatives view the Space Shuttle launches. The building next to it houses the auditorium from which NASA press briefings are broadcast. To its immediate right is the NASA News Center which includes the offices of the NASA spokesmen at Kennedy Space Center. The buildings and trailers to the right of the News Center are assigned to various television stations and news services

Bobak Ferdowsi, a system's engineer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory who became widely known for his mohawk hairstyle during the broadcast of the Curiosity landing on Mars, is seen here discussing a project with a participant in the White House Science Fair. The fourth White House Science Fair was held at the White House and included 100 students from more than 30 different states who competed in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) competitions. (Photo Credit: NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Employees who work at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center Press Site are photographed inside the News Auditorium at the Florida spaceport on March 23, 2023, following a panel discussion held to commemorate Women’s History Month. The event, titled “Celebrating the Women Who Tell Our Stories,” included women who typically work behind the scenes sharing what goes into conceiving, creating, and curating NASA stories. Panelists included Kennedy’s news chief, members of the broadcast team, public affairs specialists, a video producer, and a writer.

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- Todd McNamara, meteorologist with the 45th Weather Squadron at Patrick Air Force Base in Florida, addresses the audience of the annual hurricane awareness briefing at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The briefing, held at the start of the 2014 hurricane season, is attended by the center's emergency hurricane coordinators and other interested employees in the KSC Training Auditorium. The briefing also is broadcast to the workforce. For more information, visit http://www.patrick.af.mil/weather. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Tatyanna Liggins, far right, and Leslie Auturo, center, interview NASA Associate Administrator for Education for their radio program Eliot Hine Radio at Eliot Hine Middle School on Friday, March, 1, 2013 in Washington. Tatyanna and Leslie attend the Broadcast Media Class which produces Eliot Hine Radio. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

Employees who work at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center Press Site are photographed inside the News Auditorium at the Florida spaceport on March 23, 2023, following a panel discussion held to commemorate Women’s History Month. The event, titled “Celebrating the Women Who Tell Our Stories,” included women who typically work behind the scenes sharing what goes into conceiving, creating, and curating NASA stories. Panelists included Kennedy’s news chief, members of the broadcast team, public affairs specialists, a video producer, and a writer.

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- Tony Mainolfi, chief meteorologist of WESH 2 news, explains the categories of tropical weather disturbances to the audience of the annual hurricane awareness briefing at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The briefing, held at the start of the 2014 hurricane season, is attended by the center's emergency hurricane coordinators and other interested employees in the KSC Training Auditorium. The briefing also is broadcast to the workforce. For more information, visit http://www.patrick.af.mil/weather. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Master of ceremonies Steve Culivan, an employee of Penn State University and aerospace education specialist at NASA's Stennis Space Center, talked to a crowd of more than 300 who attended the Jan. 5 kickoff of the 2008 FIRST (For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology) Robotics Competition season. The students, coaches and mentors from three states who attended also watched a live broadcast from FIRST's Manchester, N.H., headquarters that revealed this year's competition challenge, and received parts kits from which they built robots to meet the challenge.

Jay Barbree, a renowned NBC broadcaster and author, emcees the 50th anniversary gala capping a year-long celebration of 50 years of rocket launches from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The first launch at CCAFS took place at 9:28 a.m. on July 24, 1950, with the liftoff of Bumper 8 from Launch Complex 3. The gala was hosted by the Cape Canaveral Chapter Air Force Association

NASA Apollo 10 Astronaut Gene Cernan, on stage, right, and the Newseum's distinguished journalist-in-residence, Nick Clooney, on stage, left, talk with a Stan LeBar, Program Manager of the Apollo TV Lunar Camera who helped see that Apollo 10 was the first mission to broadcast in color from the moon during a Newseum TV program celebrating the 40th anniversary of Apollo 10, Monday, May 18, 2009, in Washington. Photo Credit (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Stennis Space Center's new Astro Camp Plus camp kicked off June 19 for teens ages 13-15. The new camp delves more deeply into the science, math and technology concepts introduced in the center's popular Astro Camp series. Campers including Jasmyne White (left) and Dana Yingst, both of Slidell, La., learn how NASA uses 'podcasting' to broadcast video, and made their own podcasts.

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- Kelvin Manning, associate director of NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, makes the opening remarks at the center's annual hurricane awareness briefing. The briefing, held at the start of the 2014 hurricane season, is attended by the center's emergency hurricane coordinators and other interested employees in the KSC Training Auditorium. The briefing also is broadcast to the workforce. For more information, visit http://www.patrick.af.mil/weather. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Posing for a photograph during the 50th anniversary gala capping a year-long celebration of 50 years of rocket launches from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station are Center Director Roy Bridges (left) and renowned NBC broadcaster, author and emcee Jay Barbree. The first launch at CCAFS took place at 9:28 a.m. on July 24, 1950, with the liftoff of Bumper 8 from Launch Complex 3. The gala was hosted by the Cape Canaveral Chapter Air Force Association

Stephanie Martin, left, NASA Office of Communications, and Nilufar Ramji, NASA Office of STEM Engagement, host a live broadcast of “STEM Forward to the Moon” on July 19, 2019 from Kennedy Space Center’s Apollo/Saturn V Center in Florida. The special program featured kids participating in Moon landing simulations at four museums throughout the country: Cosmosphere in Hutchinson, Kansas; Saint Louis Science Center; Columbia Memorial Space Center in Downey, California; and Arizona Science Center in Phoenix.

Dan Billow accepts a certificate naming him a Kennedy Chronicler during a May 15 ceremony at the Press Site at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Billow, a retired television broadcaster, was among three reporters and industry professionals who were nominated by their peers and selected by a panel of NASA officials and current space reporters. Brass plates bearing their names were added to the wall of the “bull pen,” where reporters traditionally gather to cover launches and events at NASA Kennedy.

Expedition 20 Flight Engineers Jeff Williams, left, and Nicole Stott are seen during a live broadcast from the International Space Station (ISS) as they answer questions from NASA Twitter followers at NASA Headquarters in Washington, on what it is like to live and work in space, Wednesday, Oct. 21, 2009. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

This aerial view is of the buildings that comprise the NASA Press Site in the Launch Complex 39 area. The first large building on the right (closest to the water) is the grandstand from which media representatives view the Space Shuttle launches. The building next to it houses the auditorium from which NASA press briefings are broadcast. To its immediate left is the NASA News Center which includes the offices of the NASA spokesmen at Kennedy Space Center. The buildings and trailers to the left of the News Center are assigned to various television stations and news services

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- Tony Mainolfi, chief meteorologist of WESH 2 news, outlines the products, services and warnings provided by the National Hurricane Center for the audience of the annual hurricane awareness briefing at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The briefing, held at the start of the 2014 hurricane season, is attended by the center's emergency hurricane coordinators and other interested employees in the KSC Training Auditorium. The briefing also is broadcast to the workforce. For more information, visit http://www.patrick.af.mil/weather. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

On July 16, 2019, the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 11 launch to the Moon, Apollo-era and Artemis 1 launch team members watch a live broadcast on monitors in Launch Control Center Firing Room 1 at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. On screen, Kennedy Center Director Bob Cabana is talking with Apollo 11 astronaut Michael Collins at Launch Complex 39A, the site of the Apollo 11 launch.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Inside NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Apollo/Saturn V Center, former CBS broadcaster Walter Cronkite (left) and former astronaut Neil Armstrong (center) are interviewed by CBS correspondent Ed Bradley (right). Armstrong talked about his historic milestone - walking on the moon - and the public’s response and affect on his career afterward. The show aired Nov. 6.

iss063e068091 (8/12/2020) --- Photo documentation of the Space Studio KIBO setup in the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The Space Frontier Studio KIBO is a broadcasting studio that is constructed and operated in the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM), also known as Kibo. The studio can livestream activities, interactive entertainment, and communication from space.

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- Wayne Kee, NASA emergency manager at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, moderates the center's annual hurricane awareness briefing. The briefing, held at the start of the 2014 hurricane season, is attended by the center's emergency hurricane coordinators and other interested employees in the KSC Training Auditorium. The briefing also is broadcast to the workforce. For more information, visit http://www.patrick.af.mil/weather. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

This aerial view is of the buildings that comprise the NASA Press Site in the Launch Complex 39 area. The first large building on the right (closest to the water) is the grandstand from which media representatives view the Space Shuttle launches. The building next to it houses the auditorium from which NASA press briefings are broadcast. To its immediate left is the NASA News Center which includes the offices of the NASA spokesmen at Kennedy Space Center. The buildings and trailers to the left of the News Center are assigned to various television stations and news services

This aerial view is of the buildings that comprise the NASA Press Site in the Launch Complex 39 area. The first large building on the left is the grandstand from which media representatives view the Space Shuttle launches. The building next to it houses the auditorium from which NASA press briefings are broadcast. To its immediate right is the NASA News Center which includes the offices of the NASA spokesmen at Kennedy Space Center. The buildings and trailers to the right of the News Center are assigned to various television stations and news services

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - The CBS news program “60 Minutes” is taping a segment inside NASA Kennedy Space Center’s Apollo/Saturn V Center. Correspondent Ed Bradley (right) is seen here listening intently to former astronaut Neil Armstrong (left), the subject of the interview. In the background is CBS broadcaster Walter Cronkite, who reunited with Armstrong for the 60 Minutes show. The show aired Nov. 6.

Associate producer Adam Monahan (right) looks on as Antiques Roadshow Host Mark Walberg (left) discusses space toys with expert toy appraiser Noel Barrett in the StenniSphere visitor center and museum at Stennis Space Center. The Antiques Roadshow program shown on Public Broadcasting System stations across the nation visited Stennis to film a space toy segment on July 23.

Dan Billow accepts a certificate naming him a Kennedy Chronicler during a May 15 ceremony at the Press Site at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Billow, a retired television broadcaster, was among three reporters and industry professionals who were nominated by their peers and selected by a panel of NASA officials and current space reporters. Brass plates bearing their names were added to the wall of the “bull pen,” where reporters traditionally gather to cover launches and events at NASA Kennedy.

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- Todd McNamara, meteorologist with the 45th Weather Squadron at Patrick Air Force Base, explains the hurricane support process to the audience of the annual hurricane awareness briefing at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The briefing, held at the start of the 2014 hurricane season, is attended by the center's emergency hurricane coordinators and other interested employees in the KSC Training Auditorium. The briefing also is broadcast to the workforce. For more information, visit http://www.patrick.af.mil/weather. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Kennedy Space Center Director Bob Cabana addresses Kennedy employees in the center’s training auditorium following a live broadcast presentation by NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine on July 29, 2019. Cabana stressed the importance of a continued focus on safety and touched on important milestones in the coming year, including manned test missions by Boeing and SpaceX from the Florida spaceport.