Illustration N-257 Advanced ATC Concepts simulator: unicqu national facility for treal time evalation by controllers and pilots of advanced automation concepts (Cutaway artwork)

Range : 147,000 km. ( 91,000 mi. ) Resolution : 2.7 km. ( 1.7 mi. ) P-29524C this Voyager 2 color image of the Uranian satellite, Miranda is a composite of three shots taken through green, violet, and ultraviolet filters from the narrow angle camera. It is the best color image of Miranda returned to date. Miranda, just 480 km. (300 mi.) across, is the smallest of Uranus' five major satellites. Miranda's regional geologic provinces show very well in this view of the southern hemisphere. The dark and bright banded region, with its curvilinear traces, covers about half of the image. Higher resolution pictures taken later show many fault lines valleys and ridges parallel to these bands. Near the terminator (at right), another system of ridges and valleys abuts the banded terrain, while many impact craters pockmark the surface in this region. The largest of these are about 30 km. (20 mi.) in diameter. Many more lie in the range of 5 to 10 km. (3 to 6 mi.) in diameter

MPCS and Biotelemetry Units: N-240A High bay - Rack Mounted instrument panels

Dr Bernard Oliver Ames SETI Office

Tilt Rotor and Tilt Wing Concepts: Bell-Boeing and Bell-Textron: showen is the NASA/ARMY/Navy XV-15

View of the audience at the memorial service at JSC for the Crew of STS 51-L. Sultan Salman Abdelazize Al-Saud of Saudi Arabia is seen in the center of the view.

Dr. William R. Lucas, Marshall's fourth Center Director (1974-1986), delivers a speech in front of a picture of the lunar landscape with Earth looming in the background while attending a Huntsville Chamber of Commerce reception honoring his achievements as Director of Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC).

S86-29888 (20 March 1986) --- Stena workhorse arrival and offload of SRB. Trident Basin. (112) (st)

Tilt Rotor and Tilt Wing Concepts: Bell-Boeing and Bell-Textron: shown is the Multimission Transport Rescue

P-29514 BW Miranda reveals a complex geologic history in this view acquired by Voyager 2 around its closest approach to the Uranian moon. At least three terrain types of different age and geologic style are evident at this resolution of about 700 meters (2,300 feet). Visible in this clear-filter, narrow-angle image are from left: 1) an apparently ancient, cratered terrain consisting of rolling, subdued hills and degraded medium-sized craters; 2) a grooved terrain with linear valleys and ridges developed at the expense of, or replacing, the first terrain type; and 3) a complex terrain seen along the terminator, in which intersecting curvillinear ridges and troughs are abrubtly truncated by the linear, grooved terrain. Voyager scientists believe this third terrain type is intermediate in age between the first two.

51L-S-108 (31 Jan. 1986) --- Barbara R. Morgan, 51-L backup payload specialist to Christa McAuliffe, with others on the stage at the Memorial service for the Challenger Seven at JSC. Photo credit: NASA

C-130 aircraft Shoreline Amphitheater: Thermal IR Imagery

CH-47 (NASA-737) Control Panel and Cockpit

51L-10096 (12 Feb 1986) --- Time as of 0.445, first evidence of black smoke right hand (RH) solid rocket booster (SRB) near field joint, 39B-1/11. (Item E-60) (FC).

CH-47 (NASA-737) Control Panel and Cockpit

C-141 KAO: University of Texas

In this 1986 artist's concept, the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle (OMV), at right, prepares to reboost the Hubble Space Telescope after being deployed from an early Space Station configuration (left). As envisioned by Marshall Space Flight Center plarners, the OMV would be a remotely-controlled free-flying space tug which would place, rendezvous, dock, and retrieve orbital payloads.

S86-25964 (31 Jan. 1978) --- Astronaut Ellison S. Onizuka. Photo credit: NASA (NOTE: Astronaut Onizuka lost his life in the Jan. 28, 1986, STS-51L space shuttle Challenger accident, along with six other crew members.)

S86-25375 (1986) --- (Artist's concept of possible exploration programs.) On Phobos, the innermost moon of Mars and likely location for extraterrestrial resources, a mobile propellant-production plant lumbers across the irregular surface. Using a nuclear reactor the large tower melts into the surface, generating steam which is converted into liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. Artwork by Pat Rawlings, of Eagle Engineering, Incorporated.

In this 1986 artist's concept, the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle (OMV), undergoes changeout of the Propulsion Module outside the Space Shuttle Cargo Bay. As envisioned by Marshall Space Flight Center plarners, the OMV would be a remotely-controlled free-flying space tug which would place, rendezvous, dock, and retrieve orbital payloads.

Marshall scientist practices working on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in the Neutral Buoyancy Simulator.

Payload specialist Sharon Christa McAuliffe appears to be enjoying her ride during her training in the T-38 jet trainer. Part of Galveston Island and the Greater Houston Metropolitan area can be seen in the background.

C-141 KAO: University of Texas

NASA 834, an F-14 Navy Tomcat, seen here in flight, was used at Dryden in 1986 and 1987 in a program known as the Variable-Sweep Transition Flight Experiment (VSTFE). This program explored laminar flow on variable sweep aircraft at high subsonic speeds. An F-14 aircraft was chosen as the carrier vehicle for the VSTFE program primarily because of its variable-sweep capability, Mach and Reynolds number capability, availability, and favorable wing pressure distribution. The variable sweep outer-panels of the F-14 aircraft were modified with natural laminar flow gloves to provide not only smooth surfaces but also airfoils that can produce a wide range of pressure distributions for which transition location can be determined at various flight conditions and sweep angles. Glove I, seen here installed on the upper surface of the left wing, was a "cleanup" or smoothing of the basic F-14 wing, while Glove II was designed to provide specific pressure distributions at Mach 0.7. Laminar flow research continued at Dryden with a research program on the NASA 848 F-16XL, a laminar flow experiment involving a wing-mounted panel with millions of tiny laser cut holes drawing off turbulent boundary layer air with a suction pump.

Range : 2.7 million miles (1.7 million miles) P-29497C Tis Voyager 2, false color composite of Uranus demonstrates the usefulness of special filters in the Voyager cameras for revealing the presence of high altitude hazes in Uranus' atmosphere. The picture is a composite of images obtained through the single orange and two methane filters of Voyager's wide angle camera. Orange, short wavelength and long wavelength methane images are displayed, retrospectively, as blue, green, and orange. The pink area centered on the pole is due to the presence of hazes high in the atmosphere that reflect the light before it has traversed a long enough path through the atmosphere to suffer absorbtion by methane gas. The bluest region at mid-latitude represent the most haze free regions on Uranus, thus, deeper cloud levels can be detected in these areas.

61C-01-007 (12-17 Jan 1986)--- Astronaut Charles F. Bolden STS 61-C pilot, mans the pilot's station on Columbia's flight deck prior to re-entry.

S86-39745 (Oct. 1986) --- Edward C. "Pete" Aldridge, Jr., Under Secretary, United States Air Force, payload specialist.

C-130 aircraft Shoreline Amphitheater: Thermal IR Imagery

Brimmer All Body Hypersonic Aircraft Model 3.5ft W.T. Test-260 Flow Visualization

S86-25192 (January 1986) --- Two payload specialists in training for the STS-51L mission, and a payload specialist from STS-61C share a ?zero-gravity? flight aboard a KC-135 aircraft over the Gulf of Mexico. Left to right are United States Representative Bill Nelson (Democrat, Florida), Sharon Christa McAuliffe, and Barbara R. Morgan. The congressman is a payload specialist for the STS-61C mission. McAuliffe is the prime payload specialist for the Teacher-in-Space Project aboard the STS-51L mission; and Morgan is her backup. The photo was taken by Keith meyers of the New York Times. EDITOR?S NOTE: The STS-51L crew members lost their lives in the space shuttle Challenger accident moments after launch on Jan. 28, 1986 from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). Photo credit: NASA

S86-25182 (for release January 1986) --- Sharon Christa McAuliffe, STS-51L citizen observer/payload specialist, prepares to remove her helmet after participating in emergency egress training in the shuttle mock-up and integration lab at the Johnson Space Center. McAuliffe will represent the Teacher-in-Space Project aboard the Challenger when it launches in late January. The photo was taken by Keith Meyers of the New York Times. Photo credit: NASA

P-29509 C Range: 500,000 kilometers (300,000 miles) This high-resolution color composite of Titania was made as Voyager 2 neared its closest approach to Uranus. Voyager's narrow-angle camera acquired this image through the violet and clear filters and shows details about 9 km (6 mi) in size. Titania has a diameter of about 1,600 km (1,000 MI). In addition to many scars due to impacts, Titania displays evidence of other geologic activity at some point in its history. The large trench-like feature near the terminator (day-night boundary) at middle right suggests at least one episode of tectonic activity, Another, basinlike structure near the upper right is evidence of an ancient period of heavy impact activity. The neutral gray color of Titania is characteristic of the Uranian satellites as a whole.

S86-25293 (30 Oct. 1985) --- Barbara R. Morgan and Sharon Christa McAuliffe (right) are pictured during a visit to NASA's Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Launch Complex 39 to witness the launch of the space shuttle Challenger. McAuliffe is scheduled to launch aboard the space shuttle Challenger, STS-51L mission, herself early next year as the United States? first in-space citizen observer. Morgan is the backup for the Teacher-in-Space Project?s payload specialist position. The photo was taken by Keith Meyers of the New York Times. EDITOR'S NOTE: The STS-51L crew members lost their lives in the space shuttle Challenger accident moments after launch on Jan. 28, 1986 from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). Photo credit: NASA

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – Portrait of Lt. Gen. Forrest S. McCartney, KSC Center Director Photo credit: NASA

Pioneer Galileo mission trajectory artwork (ref: McDonnell Douglas May, 77 # D4C-117575-4)

C-141 KAO: University of Texas

Range : 12.9 million miles (8.0 million miles) P-29468C This false color Voyager photograph of Uranus shows a discrete cloud seen as a bright streak near the planets limb. The cloud visible here is the most prominent feature seen in a series of Voyager images designed to track atmospheric motions. The occasional donut shaped features, including one at the bottom, are shadows cast by dust on the camera optics. The picture is a highly processed composite of three images. The processing necessary to bring out the faint features on the planet also brings out these camera blemishes. The three seperate images used where shot through violet, blue, and orange filters. Each color image showd the cloud to a different degree; because they were not exposed at the same time , the images were processed to provide a good spatial match. In a true color image, the cloud would be barely discernable; the false color helps to bring out additional details. The different colors imply variations in vertical structure, but as of yet it is not possible to be specific about such differences. One possiblity is that the uranian atmosphere may contain smog like constituents, in which case some color differences may represent differences in how these molecules are distributed.

S86-25191 (for release January 1986) --- The two representatives of the Teacher-in-Space Project continue their training program at the Johnson Space Center with an additional flight aboard NASA?s KC-135 ?zero gravity? aircraft. Sharon Christa McAuliffe, left, is prime crew payload specialist, and Barbara R. Morgan is in training as backup payload specialist. The photo was taken by Keith Meyers of New York Times. Photo credit: NASA

Range : 74 million km. ( 46 million miles ) P-29313CThis Voyager photograph of Uranus is a composite of for images taken by the narrow angle camera. At this range, clouds and other features in the atmosphere as small as 1,370 km. could be detected by Voyager 2. Yet, no such features are visible. This view is toward the illuminated south pole of Uranus. The predominant blue color is the result of atmospheric methane, which absorbs the red wavelengths from incoming sunlight. The spot at the upper left edge of the planet's disk reulted from the removal of a reseau mark used in making measurments on the photograph. Three of Uranus' five known satellites are visible; Miranda ( at far right, closest to the planet ), Ariel ( next out , at top), and Umbriel ( lower left ). Titania and Oberon are now outside the narrow angle camera's field of view when it centered on the planet. This color composite was made from images taken through blue, green, orange, and clear filters.

P-29515 BW Range: 42,000 kilometers (26,000 miles) This image of Miranda, obtained by Voyager 2 on approach, shows an unusual 'chevron' figure and regions of distinctly differing terrain on the Uranian moon. Grooved areas baring light and dark bands, distinct from other areas of mottled terrain, are visible at this resolution of about 600 meters (2,000 feet). The bright V-shaped feature in the grooved areas is the 'cheron' observed in earlier, lower-resolution images. Cutting across the bands are sinuous scarps, probably faults. Superimposed on both types of terrain are many bowl-shaped impact craters less than 5 km (3 mi) wide. The entire picture spans an area about 220 km (140 mi) across.

Ames Aircraft complement on ramp DC-8, C-130, QSRA, RSRA, C-141, U-2, SH-3G, King Air, YO-3A, T-38, CH-47, Lear Jet, AH-1G, AV-8B Harrier, OH-58A, XV-15, UH-1H

51L-10166 (4 March 1986) --- Members of the Presidential Commission on the space shuttle Challenger accident arrive at the Launch Control Center at Kennedy Space Center (KSC). Commission members present are Robert Hotz (center) and Dr. Sally Ride. Others pictured are John Chase, staff assistant to the Commission (far right) and from left to right: Bob Sieck, Director of Shuttle operations; Jack Martin and John Fabian.

James R. Thompon served as director of the Marshall Space Flight Center from September 29, 1986 until July 6, 1989, when he was appointed as NASA Deputy Administrator. Prior to his tenure as Marshall's Director, Thompson served from March to June 1986 as the vice-chairman of the NASA task force investigating the cause of the Space Shuttle Challenger accident. He was credited with playing a significant role in returning the Space Shuttle to flight following the Challenger disaster.

C-130 aircraft Shoreline Amphitheater: Thermal IR Imagery

S86-38018 (1986) --- Astronaut John W. Young.

S86-27614 (Feb 1986) --- The Space Shuttle Columbia is at the center of the Spacelab Life Sciences 1 patch. The various elements of the logo serve to deliver the message of the dedication of this mission to medical and biological studies, a first for manned spaceflight. A crew of five NASA astronauts and two payload specialists will be split into shifts to maximize the exposure to space environment for variegated and thorough biological and medical experiments during the scheduled ten-day mission. The crew will maintain a constant communications link with scientists on Earth, considered by the flight crew to be an integral part of the overall mission, as well.

C-141 KAO: University of Texas

S86-25188 (December 1985) --- Sharon Christa McAuliffe, a school teacher Concord New Hampshire, surveys a ground training replica of the quarters she?ll be using in space when the space shuttle Challenger taxis two women and five men into space in January of 1986. The STS-51L citizen observer/payload specialist is in training at the Johnson Space Center, representing the Teacher-in-Space Project. The photo was taken by Keith Meyers of the New York Times. Photo credit: NASA

This is an artist's concept of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The HST is the product of a partnership between NASA, European Space Agency Contractors, and the international community of astronomers. It is named after Edwin P. Hubble, an American Astronomer who discovered the expanding nature of the universe and was the first to realize the true nature of galaxies. The purpose of the HST, the most complex and sensitive optical telescope ever made, is to study the cosmos from a low-Earth orbit. By placing the telescope in space, astronomers are able to collect data that is free of the Earth's atmosphere. The HST detects objects 25 times fainter than the dimmest objects seen from Earth and provides astronomers with an observable universe 250 times larger than is visible from ground-based telescopes, perhaps as far away as 14 billion light-years. The HST views galaxies, stars, planets, comets, possibly other solar systems, and even unusual phenomena such as quasars, with 10 times the clarity of ground-based telescopes. The major elements of the HST are the Optical Telescope Assembly (OTA), the Support System Module (SSM), and the Scientific Instruments (SI). The HST is approximately the size of a railroad car, with two cylinders joined together and wrapped in a silvery reflective heat shield blanket. Wing-like solar arrays extend horizontally from each side of these cylinders, and dish-shaped anternas extend above and below the body of the telescope. The HST was deployed from the Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-31 mission) into Earth orbit in April 1990. The Marshall Space Flight Center had responsibility for design, development, and construction of the HST. The Perkin-Elmer Corporation, in Danbury, Connecticut, developed the optical system and guidance sensors. The Lockheed Missile and Space Company of Sunnyvale, California produced the protective outer shroud and spacecraft systems, and assembled and tested the finished telescope.

S86-29122 (March 1986) --- Astronauts John E. Blaha, left, and Robert C. Springer participate in a rehearsal for their assigned flight in the crew compartment trainer at the Johnson Space Center (JSC). Blaha is pilot and Springer, one of three mission specialists for the mission. The two will mark their first spaceflights on the next mission.

P-29512 BW Range: 36,000 kilometers (22,000 miles) Miranda, innermost of Uranus' large satellites, is seen at close range as part of a Voyager 2 high-resolution mosaicking sequence. This clear-filter, narrow-angle image shows an area about 250 km (150 mi) across, at a resolution of about 800 meters (2,600 feet). Two distinct terrain types are visible; a rugged, higher-elevation terrain (right) and a lower, striated terrain. Numerous craters on the rugged, higher terain indicate that it is older than the lower terrain. Several scarps, probably faults, cut the different terrains. The impact crater in the lower part of this image is about 25 km (15 mi) across.

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- NASA/ADMIN ARRIVAL OF VICE PRESIDENT BUSH FOLLOWING STS-51L. Photo credit: NASA

S86-25186 (December 1985) --- Five members of the prime crew for NASA?s STS-51L mission and a backup crew member are briefed during a training session in the Johnson Space Center?s (JSC) Shuttle Mock-up and Integration Laboratory. From left to right are astronaut Ellison S. Onizuka, mission specialist; Ronald E. McNair, mission specialist; Gregory D. Jarvis, Hughes payload specialist; Judith A. Resnik, mission specialist; Sharon Christa McAuliffe, citizen observer/payload specialist representing the Teacher-in-Space Project; and Barbara R. Morgan, backup payload specialist. The photograph was taken by Keith Meyers of the New York Times. EDITOR?S NOTE: The STS-51L crew members lost their lives in the space shuttle Challenger accident moments after launch on Jan. 28, 1986 from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). Photo credit: NASA

S86-30504 (16 April 1986) --- A 4,000 pound, 11' x 20' piece of the aft center segment tang joint of the space shuttle Challenger's right-hand solid rocket booster is off loaded from the Stena Workhorse after its recovery on April 13, 1986. The burned out area is 15" x 28". Photo credit: NASA

Ames National Full-Scale Aerodynamic Complex - NFAC; 80x120ft Wind Tunnel, drive fans during reconstruction process

S86-38100 (2 Oct. 1986) --- Astronaut Vance D. Brand.

P-29502C Range: 1.04 million kilometers (650,000 miles) This color photo of Umbriel, the darkest of Uranus' five large moons was synthesized from frames exposed with the Voyager narrow-angle camera's violet and clear filters and has a resolution of 19 km (12 mi.). Umbriel is characterized by the darkest surface and smallest brightness variations of any of the large satellites of Uranus. As seen here, the surface is also generally gray and colorless. Nevertheless, at this resolution, considerable topographic detail is revealed, showing that Umbriel's surface is covered by impact craters. The brightest spot (shown at top near the equator at approxiamately 270 ° longitude) appears as a bright ring. Its geological significance is not yet understood. Umbriel has a diameter of about 1,200 km (750 miles) and orbits 267,000 km (166,000 mi) from Uranus' center. The satellite's name, from Alexander Pope's 'Rape of the Lock,' means 'dark angel'.

S86-30339 (4 April 1986) --- Stan Williams (left) of Lockheed and Luther D. Palmer of NASA are pictured with the MADS tapes in JSC’s central data office.

S86-30336 (4 April 1986) --- Larue Forbes of CSC retrieves one of the MADS tapes for inputting into a nearby computer in the central data office.

This image illustrates the Hubble Space Telescope's (HST's) Optical Telescope Assembly (OTA). One of the three major elements of the HST, the OTA consists of two mirrors (a primary mirror and a secondary mirror), support trusses, and the focal plane structure. The mirrors collect and focus light from selected celestial objects and are housed near the center of the telescope. The primary mirror captures light from objects in space and focuses it toward the secondary mirror. The secondary mirror redirects the light to a focal plane where the Scientific Instruments are located. The primary mirror is 94.5 inches (2.4 meters) in diameter and the secondary mirror is 12.2 inches (0.3 meters) in diameter. The purpose of the HST, the most complex and sensitive optical telescope ever made, is to study the cosmos from a low-Earth Orbit. By placing the telescope in space, astronomers are able to collect data that is free of the Earth's atmosphere. The HST detects objects 25 times fainter than the dimmest objects seen from the Earth and provides astronomers with an observable universe 250 times larger than visible from ground-based telescopes, perhaps as far away as 14 billion light-years. The HST views galaxies, stars, planets, comets, possibly other solar systems, and even unusual phenomena such as quasars, with 10 times the clarity of ground-based telescopes. The spacecraft is 42.5 feet (13 meters) long and weighs 25,000 pounds (11,600 kilograms). The HST was deployed from the Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-31 mission) into Earth orbit in April 1990. The Marshall Space Flight Center had responsibility for design, development, and construction of the HST. The Perkin-Elmer Corporation, in Danbury, Cornecticut, developed the optical system and guidance sensors. The Lockheed Missile and Space Company of Sunnyvale, California produced the protective outer shroud and spacecraft systems, and assembled and tested the finished telescope.

S86-30363 (13 March 1986) --- Deep Drone Dive #52 March 13, 1986, OCC contact 191 Photosea 1200 camera. (fc)

S86-25279 (November 1985) --- Sharon Christa McAuliffe, STS-51L payload specialist, has homework of her own to do as she prepares for a January 1986 flight. Photo by Keith Meyers of the New York Times. Photo credit: NASA

P-29516 BW Range: 125, 000 kilometers (78,000 miles) Voyager 2's wide-angle camera captured this view of the outer part of the Uranian ring system just 11 minutes before passing though the ring plane. The resolution in this clear-filter view is slightly better than 9 km (6 mi). The brightest, outermost ring is known as epsilon. Interior to epsilon lie (from top) the newly discovered 10th ring of Uranus--designated 1986UR1 and barely visible here--and then the delta, gamma and eta rings.

S86-26436 (31 Jan. 1986) --- The United States flag, in front of the Johnson Space Center’s (JSC) project management building, flies at half-mast in memory of the seven space shuttle Challenger crew members who lost their lives on Jan. 28, 1986. Earlier today, memorial services about 100 yards from the flag drew thousands of JSC employees, friends and family of the STS-51L astronauts and payload specialists. Photo credit: NASA

This is an image of the planet Uranus taken by the spacecraft Voyager 2 in 1986.

P29501C Moon from Voyager 2 Uranus flyby

S86-30088 (March 1986) --- Salvage operations offshore of Kennedy Space Center, are depicted in this artist’s concept showing a grapple and recovery fixture (left) being directed through the use of a remote video system suspended from the recovery ship. Photo credit: NASA

Artist Concept views of the Hubble Space Telescope, one with two Astronauts out on Extravehicular Activity (EVA) and a cutaway view of the telescope. 1. SHUTTLE - Payloads (Hubble Telescope)

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - Kennedy Space Center Director Lt. Gen. Forrest S. McCartney, left, stands on the fixed service structure in front of one of the space shuttle Atlantis' solid rocket boosters the morning after it is rolled out to Pad 39B. With McCartney is the pad site manager Bill Warren. Photo credit: NASA

P-29513 BW Range: 31,000 kilometers (19,000 miles) This Voyager 2 image of Miranda was taken shortly before the spacecraft's closet approach to the Uranian moon.The high resolution of 600 meters (2,000 feet) reveals a bewildering variety of fractures, grooves and craters, as well as features of different albedos (reflectances). This clear-filter, narrow-angle view encompasses areas of older, heavily cratered terrain with a wide variety of forms. The grooves and troughs reach depths of a few kilometers and expose materials of different albedos. The great variety of directions of fracture and troughs, and the different densities of impact craters on them, signify a long, complex geologic evolution of this satellite.

S86-25234 (January 1986) --- STS-51L Payload Specialist Sharon Christa McAuliffe egresses the rear station of a NASA T-38 jet trainer at Ellington Base near the Johnson Space Center, where the Teacher-in-Space Project top finalist is in training for the January mission. The photo was taken by Keith Meyers of the New York Times. Photo credit: NASA

Range : 2.52 million miles (1.56 million miles) Resolution : 47km. ( 29 mi.) Closest Approach: 127,000 km. (79,000 mi.) P-29479B/W This Voyager 2 image of the brightest Uranian satellite of the five largest, Ariel, was shot through a clear filter with the narrow angle camera. Ariel is about 1,300 km. ( 800 mi. )in diameter. This image shows several distinct bright areas that reflect nearly 45 % of the incident sunlight. On average, the satellite displays reflectivity of about 25-30 %. The bright areas are probably fresh water ice, perhaps excavated by impacts. the south pole of Ariel is slightly off center of the disk in this view.

In 1986, the European spacecraft Giotto became one of the first spacecraft ever to encounter and photograph the nucleus of a comet, passing and imaging Halley nucleus as it receded from the sun.

51L-S-127 (31 Jan. 1986) --- A wide angle lens was used to capture only a portion of the crowd gathered for memorial services for the seven members of the STS-51L Challenger crew at the Johnson Space Center. President Ronald Reagan speaks at the lectern at far left edge of the frame. The photographer for the picture was positioned on a large platform erected to accommodate the many members of the news media on hand for the event. Photo credit: NASA

N-258 NAS (Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation) Faciltiy, Aerials of Construction Site, Framing

P-29520 BW Range: 130,000 kilometers (80,000 miles) This mosaic, taken through the clear-filter, narrow-angle camera, of the four highest-resolution images of Ariel represents the most detailed Voyager 2 picture of this satellite of Uranus. Ariel is about 1,200 km (750 mi) in diameter; the resolution here is 2.4 km (1.5 mi). Much of Ariel's surface is densely pitted with craters 5 to 10 km (3 to 6 mi) across. These craters are close to the threshold of detection in this picture. Numerous valleys and fault scarps crisscross the highly pitted terrain. voyager scientists believe the valleys have formed over down-dropped fault blocks (graben); apparently, extensive faulting has occured as a result of expansion and stretching of Ariel's crust. The largest fault valleys, near the terminator at right, as well as a smooth region near the center of this image, have been partly filled with deposits that are younger and less heavily cratered than the pitted terrain. Narrow, somewhat sinuous scarps and valleys have been formed, in turn, in these young deposits. It is not yet clear whether these sinuous features have been formed by faulting or by the flow of fluids.

P-29511 BW Range: 130,000 kilometers (80,000 miles) This clear-filter, narrow-angle picture is part of the high-resolution Voyager 2 imaging sequence of Ariel, a moon of Uranus about 1,300 kilometers (800 miles) in diameter. The complexity of Ariels' surface indicates that a variety of geologic processes have occured. The numerous craters, for example, are indications of an old surface bombarded by meteroids over a long periond. Also conspicuous at this resolution, about 2.4 km (1.5 mi), are linear grooves (evidence of tectonic activity that has broken up the surface) and smooth patches (indicative of deposition of material).

61C-05-035 (12-17 Jan 1986) --- Robert J. Cenker, 61-C payload specialist representing RCA, returns a tiny tool to its stowage position after adjusting the inner workings of a device used in one of a number of detailed supplementary objective (DSO) studies for NASA's Space Biomedical Research Institute. The device is a pair of ocular counter-rolling goggles used by U.S. Rep. Bill Nelson (D., Florida), 61-C's other payload specialist aboard the Columbia for this five-day flight.

P-29518 BW Range: 130,000 kilometers (80,000 miles) This highest-resolution Voyager 2 view of Ariel's terminator shows a complex array of transecting valleys with superimposed impact craters. This clear-filter, narrow-angle view has a resolution of about 2.4 km (1.5 mi). Particularly striking to Voyager scientists is the fact that the faults that bound the linear valleys are not visible where they transect one another across the valleys. Apparently these valleys were filled with deposits sometime after they were formed by tectonic processes, leaving them flat and smooth. Sinuous rilles (trenches) later formed, probably by some flow process. Some type of fluid flow may well have been involved in their evolution.

STS61C-S-047 (12 Jan. 1986) --- A remote camera records the early morning launch at Florida?s Kennedy Space Center of the space shuttle Columbia and the STS-61C crew on Jan. 12, 1986. Onboard were the following crew members -- Mission Commander Robert L. Gibson and Pilot Charles F. Bolden, along with Mission Specialists Franklin R. Chang-Diaz, Steven A. Hawley and George D. Nelson and Payload Specialists Robert J. Cenker of RCA and U.S. Rep. Bill Nelson. Photo credit: NASA

51L-10162 (8-9 March 1986) --- View of the left solid rocket booster first piece retrieval #11 (STS-51L space shuttle Challenger). Photo credit: NASA

S86-28888 (14 Feb. 1986) --- NASA astronaut Robert Crippen points out Discovery tile work in the Vehicle Assembly Building to the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident. The commission was taken to the facility on Feb. 14, 1986 as part of their investigation. Photo credit: NASA

Composite Artwork Cosmic Evolution. Setting the stage. Life on and off Earth. (contains some copyrighted materials - no for general release)

Civil Tilt Rotor Commuter Aircraft concepts by Boeing/Bell

Range : 1 illion km. ( 600,000 mi. ) Resolution : 140 km. ( 90 mi. ) P-29539C This Voyager 2 image of Uranus was captured as the spacecraft was leaving Uranus behind on its cruise to Neptune. The image is a color composite of three photographs taken through blue, grren, and orange filters. Thin thin crecent seen here is at an angle of 153 degrees between the the spacecraft, the planet, and the sun. Even at this extreme angle, uranus retains the pale blue-green color seen by the ground based astronomers and recorded by Voyager 2 during its historic encounter, this color results from the presence of methane in Uranus' atmosphere. The gas absorbs red wavelengths of light, leaving the predominant hue seen here. The tendency for the cresent to become white at the extreme edge is cased by the presence of a high-altitude haze. Voyager 2, having encountered Jupiter in 1979, Saturn in 1981, and Uranus in 1986, will proceed on its jouney to Neptune. Closest approach is scheduled for August 24, 1989.

51L-10187 (18 April 1986) --- A 9'7" x 16' segment of Challenger's right wing is unloaded at the Logistics Facility after being off-loaded from the rescue and salvage ship USS Opportune. It was located and recovered by Navy divers from the Opportune about 12 nautical miles northeast of Cape Canaveral in 70 feet of water. Photo credit: NASA

P-29522BW Range: 369,000 kilometers (229,000 miles) This is the highest-resolution picture of Titania returned by Voyager 2. The picture is a composite of two images taken through the clear-filter of Voyager's narrow-angle camera. The resolution of this image is 13 km (8 mi). Titania is the largest satellite of Uranus, with a diameter of little more than 1,600 km (1,000 mi). Abundant impact craters of many sizes pockmark the ancient surface. The most prominant features are fault valleys that stretch across Titania. They are up to 1,500 km (nearly 1,000 mi) long and as much as 75 km (45 mi) wide. In valleys seen at right center, the sunward-facing walls are very bright. While this is due partly to the lighting angle, the brightness also indicates the presence of a lighter material, possibly young frost deposits. An impact crater more than 200 km (125 mi) in diameter distinguishes the very bottom of the disk; the crater is cut by a younger fault valley more than 100 km (60 mi) wide. An even larger impact crater, perhaps 300 km (180 mi) across, is visible at top.

61C-05-036 (12-18 Jan. 1986) --- U.S. Representative Bill Nelson (Democrat - Florida), STS-61C payload specialist, prepares to photograph individual samples in the Handheld Protein Crystal Growth Experiment (HPCG) on Columbia's middeck. The operations involve the use of four pieces of equipment to attempt the growth of 60 different types of crystals -- 12 by means of dialysis and 48 via the vapor diffusion method. The photo was used by members of the STS-61C crew at their Jan. 23, 1986, Post-Flight Press Conference.

S86-25183 (for release January 1986) --- Sharon Christa McAuliffe, STS-51L payload specialist representing the Teacher-in-Space Project, descends from a mock-up of the space shuttle using a sky-genie device during an emergency training session in the Johnson Space Center?s (JSC) Shuttle Mock-up and Integration Laboratory. The photograph was taken by Keith Meyers of the New York Times. EDITOR?S NOTE: The STS-51L crew members lost their lives in the space shuttle Challenger accident moments after launch on Jan. 28, 1986 from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). Photo credit: NASA

W.T. system F-14D model Schlieren test-041 in 9x7ft w.t.

Uranus icy moon Miranda is seen in this image from Voyager 2 on January 24, 1986. https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA18185

Aerial view of the NASA hangar and a line-up of the NASA T-38 trainer aircraft used by the astronauts at Ellington Field.

Range : 5 to 6.1 million km. ( 3.1-.8 million miles ) P-29314B/W This 'family portrait' of Uranus' five largest moons was compiled from images sent back from Voyager 2 The photographs were taken through a clear filter.

61C-07-030 (15 Jan 1986) --- Astronaut Robert L. Gibson, STS 61-C mission commander, partially floats on the aft flight deck of the earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Columbia while preparing to use a motion picture camera. The windows overlooking the cargo bay are visible in the background.

Crystals grown in the hand-held Protein Crystallization Apparatus for Microgravity (PCAM) onboard STS-61C. The PCAM has a pedestal in the center of a circular chamber, the surrounding chamber holds an absorbent reservoir that contains a solution of the precipitant. Vapor pressure differences between the protein solution and the reservoir solution force water to move from the protein solution to the reservoir. As protein concentrations increase, protein crystals begin to nucleate and grow.

S86-38627 (9 Oct. 1986) --- The space shuttle Atlantis is rolled out to Launch Pad 39-B in the early morning of Oct. 9, 1986. Atlantis is scheduled to remain at Pad B for seven weeks where it will support checkout of new weather protection structures, a variety of special measurements, launch team proficiency exercises and emergency egress simulations. The 4.2 mile journey from the Vehicle Assembly Building to the launch pad is the first for the shuttle fleet since the space shuttle Challenger accident in January of this year. Photo credit: NASA

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- STS-61-C: Columbia

S86-28889 (14 Feb. 1986) --- Kennedy Space Center Director Richard Smith points out a portion of a solid rocket booster segment to astronaut Sally Ride and to the chairman of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident, William P. Rogers. The commission was taken to various booster storage and handling facilities at KSC on Feb. 14, 1986 as part of the failure investigation. Photo credit: NASA

61C-05-026 (14 Jan. 1986) --- Astronaut George D. Nelson smiles for a fellow crew man's 35mm camera exposure while participating in the Comet Halley active monitoring program (CHAMP). Camera equipment and a protective shroud used to eliminate all cabin light interference surround the mission specialist. This is the first of three 1986 missions which are scheduled to monitor the rare visit by the comet. The principal investigators for CHAMP are S. Alan Stern of the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado; and Dr. Stephen Mende of Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory.

STS61C-S-048 (12 Jan. 1986) --- This is a wide shot of the early morning launch at Florida?s Kennedy Space Center of the space shuttle Columbia and the STS-61C crew on Jan. 12, 1986. Onboard were the following crew members -- Mission Commander Robert L. Gibson and Pilot Charles F. Bolden, along with Mission Specialists Franklin R. Chang-Diaz, Steven A. Hawley and George D. Nelson and Payload Specialists Robert J. Cenker of RCA and U.S. Rep. Bill Nelson. Photo credit: NASA