(PCG) Protein Crystal Growth Porcine Elastase. This enzyme is associated with the degradation of lung tissue in people suffering from emphysema. It is useful in studying causes of this disease. Principal Investigator on STS-26 was Charles Bugg.
STS033-S-014 (27 Nov 1989) --- The Space Shuttle Discovery is silhouetted against late afternoon California skies as it approaches the runway for landing at Edwards Air Force Base in southern California. A five-member crew aboard was about to complete the DOD-devoted STS-33 mission. The landing occurred at 16:31:02 p.m. (PST), Nov. 27, 1989. Onboard Discovery for the mission were Astronauts Frederick D. Gregory, John E. Blaha, Kathryn C. Thornton, F. Story Musgrave and Manley L. Carter.
Ames Facility Aerials: N-223 VIC with U-2 on static display
Ames Aerial: N-262 during construction (without roof)
View from the Apollo 11 Twentieth Anniversary Black Tie reception at the downtown Houston Hyatt Regency Hotel. Scene show NASA/JSC Director Aaron Cohen talking with NASA Administrator Richard H. Truly and his wife, Cody.
SL-J Space Shuttle Frog Embryology Experiment (FEU) flight hardware
Activities in the Spacelab Mission Operations Control facility at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) are shown in this photograph. All NASA Spacelab science missions were controlled from and the science astronauts were supported by this facility during the missions. Teams of flight controllers and researchers at the MSFC Space Mission Operations Control Center directed all NASA science operations, sent commands directly to the crew of Spacelab, and received and analyzed data from experiments on board the Spacelab. The facility used the air/ground communications charnels between the astronauts and ground control teams during the Spacelab missions. Spacelab science operations were a cooperative effort between the science astronaut crew in orbit and their colleagues in the Space Mission Operations Control Center. Though the crew and the instrument science teams were separated by many miles, they interacted with one another to evaluate observations and solve problems in much the same way as they would when working side by side in a ground-based laboratory. Most of the action was centered in two work areas: The payload control area from which the overall payload was monitored and controlled and the science operations area where teams of scientists monitored their instruments and direct experiment activities. This facility is no longer operational since the last Spacelab mission, U.S. Microgravity Payload-4 in December 1997, and has become one of the historical sites at MSFC. The facility was reopened as the International Space Station Payload Operations Center in March 2001.
The STS-30 mission launched aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis on May 4, 1989 at 2:46:59pm (EDT) carrying a crew of five. Aboard were Ronald J. Grabe, pilot; David M. Walker, commander; and mission specialists Norman E. Thagard, Mary L. Cleave, and Mark C. Lee. The primary payload for the mission was the Magellan/Venus Radar mapper spacecraft and attached Inertial Upper Stage (IUS).
KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The STS-34 Space Shuttle Atlantis lifts off from pad 39-B at 12:53 p.m. EDT, marking the beginning of a five-day mission in space. Atlantis is carrying a crew of five and the spacecraft Galileo, wich will be making a six-year trip to Jupiter..
An STS-41D onboard photo shows the Solar Array Experiment (SAE) panel deployment for the Office of Aeronautics and space Technology-1 (OAST-1). OAST-1 is several advanced space technology experiments utilizing a common data system and is mounted on a platform in the Shuttle cargo bay.
VMS I-Cab: MV-22 Simulation. control room
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- Aerial view of the STS-28 vehicle, space shuttle Columbia, on Launch Pad 39B after rollout, prior to the Rotating Service Structure, or RSS, move. Photo credit: NASA
S89-28090 (24 Jan 1989) --- The orbiter Columbia, slated for mission STS-28 is rolled over from the Orbiter Maintenance and Refurbishment Facility to the Orbiter Processing Facility bay 1 to begin processing for its mission in July 1989. The Department of Defense dedicted mission will be commanded by astronaut Brewster Shaw.
Aaron Cohen speaks at the Apollo 11 Twentieth Anniversary Gala Event at the downtown Houston Hyatt Regency Hotel.
STS028-22-030 (August 1989) --- An in-space crew portrait of the astronauts for the STS-28 mission. Brewster H. Shaw Jr., mission commander, is at lower left corner. Others are, clockwise from Shaw's position, James C. Adamson, David C. Leestma and Mark N. Brown, all mission specialists; and Richard N. Richards, pilot. The photo was taken on the middeck of the earth-orbiting Columbia.
STS-34 crewmembers sit in M1-13 Armored Personnel Carrier (APC) during emergency egress training at KSC's shuttle landing facility (SLF) prior to terminal countdown demonstration test (TCDT) activities. Wearing launch and entry suits (LESs), are (from left) Mission Specialist (MS) Ellen S. Baker, MS Shannon W. Lucid, Commander Donald E. Williams (right side, in back), MS Franklin R. Chang-Diaz, and Pilot Michael J. McCulley (holding headset). View provided by KSC with alternate number KSC-89PC-871.
Ames Facility Aerials: N-258
S89-28111 (3 Feb 1989) --- The Space Shuttle Discovery, atop a mobile launch platform, is rolled through the doors of the huge vehicle assembly building (VAB) at 6 a.m., Feb. 3, 1989 on its way to Launch Complex 39. The trip to the pad takes approximately 5 and 1/2 hours. Onboard the spacecraft in mid-March for a five-day mission, on which will be deployed a third tracking and data relay satellite (TDRS-D), will be Astronauts Michael L. Coats, John E. Blaha, James F. Buchli, James P. Bagian and Robert C. Springer.
Range : 12 million km (7.5 million miles) Resolution 110 km (68 miles) per pixel. These 2 images of Neptune were taken by Voyager 2's narrow-angle camera. During the 17.6 hours between the left and right images, the Great Dark Spot, at 22 degrees south latitude (left of center), has completed a little less than one rotation of Neptune. The smaller dark spot, at 54 south, completed a little more than one rotation, as can be seen by comparing its relative positions in the two pictures. The Great Dark Spot and the smaller spot have a relative velocity of 100 meters per second (220 miles an hour). The light and dark bands circling Neptune indicate predominantly zonal (east-west) motion. The diffuse white feature north of the Great Dark Spot is near Neptune's equator, and rotates with about the same period as the Great Dark Spot. Streak of bright clouds at the south edge, and just east of the Great Dark Spot, are its constatnt companions, and change the details of their appearance, often within a few hours. Changing brightness of the cloud streaks could be a result of vertical mortions.
Ejector System in FML (Fluid Mechanics Lab)
Ames Aerial: N-262 during construction (without roof)
Ames Facility Aerials: N-258
P-34715 Range: 900,000 kilometers (560,000 miles) This post-encounter view of the south pole of Neptune was obtained after Voyager 2 passed the planet and sped away on a southward-trending trajectory. Voyager's wide-angle camera saw features as small as 120 km (75 mi) in diameter. The angle between the Sun, the center of the planet, and the spacecraft is 137 °, so the entire south polar region is illuminated. Near the bright limb, clouds located at 71 and 42 degrees south latitude rotate eastward onto Neptune's night side. A bright cloud (bottom center) lies within 1.5 ° of Neptune's south pole, which has been determined from the orbits of the planet's rings and satellites. The feature is believed to be created by an organized circulation around the pole that forms a clear 'eye' at the center of the system.
Cutaway Artwork MVSRF - Man Vehicle Systems Research facility N-257 (named changed to CVSRF)
S89-44076 (November 1989) --- The STS-32 patch, designed by the five crew members for the scheduled December 1989 space mission, depicts the space shuttle orbiter rendezvousing with the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) satellite from above. The Syncom satellite is successfully deployed and on its way to geosynchronous orbit. Five stars have been arranged so that three are one side of the orbiter and two on the other to form the number 32. The seven major rays of the sun are in remembrance of the crew members for STS51-L. In preparation for the first Extended Duration Orbiter (EDO) missions, STS-32 will conduct a number of medical and middeck scientific experiments. The caduceus on the left represents the medical experiments, and the crystalline structure on the right represents the materials science. The crew is comprised of astronauts Daniel C. Brandenstein, James D. Wetherbee, Bonnie J. Dunbar, Marsha S. Ivins and G. David Low. The NASA insignia design for space shuttle flights is reserved for use by the astronauts and for other official use as the NASA Administrator may authorize. Public availability has been approved only in the form of illustrations by the various news media. When and if there is any change in this policy, which is not anticipated, it will be publicly announced. Photo credit: NASA
The STS-29 Space Shuttle Discovery mission approaches for a landing at NASA's then Ames-Dryden Flight Research Facility, Edwards AFB, California, early Saturday morning, 18 March 1989. Touchdown was at 6:35:49 a.m. PST and wheel stop was at 6:36:40 a.m. on runway 22. Controllers chose the concrete runway for the landing in order to make tests of braking and nosewheel steering. The STS-29 mission was very successful, completing the launch a Tracking and Data Relay communications satellite, as well as a range of scientific experiments. Discovery's five man crew was led by Commander Michael L. Coats, and included pilot John E. Blaha and mission specialists James P. Bagian, Robert C. Springer, and James F. Buchli.
STS029-02-002 (18 March 1989) --- Space Shuttle Discovery returns to Earth after five full days in space. Astronaut John E. Blaha mans the pilot's station. Note color in forward window shield caused by friction of entry through Earth's atmosphere. The photo was part of the first group of onboard photography from this flight released by NASA on March 19, 1989.
P-34713 This Voyager image of Triton reveals two kinds of mid-latitude terrain. Near the center and the lower half of the frame is a gently rolling terrain pock-marked with a modest number of impact craters. The density of impact craters is somewhat similiar to that found on the mare surface of Earth's moon. Crossing this rolling surface are narrow rifts, one of which grades into a chain of craters that probably are of collapse origin. In the upper right part of the frame is a smooth terrain with very sparse impact craters. This terrain evidently has been formed by flooding of the surface by low-viscosity fluids rather late in geologic time. One of the vents from which these fluids erupted probably is represented by a deep, elongate crater near the middle of the right side of the image. Two slightly dark regions underlain by late eruptive material also occur in the left half of the image. Apparent vents for these eruptions are marked by shallow depressiions, which may have been formed by drain back of material at the end of the eruptive episode.
P-34665 This false color Voyager 2 image of Neptune's satellite Triton, is a composite of three images taken through ultraviolet, green, and viloet filters. The smallest resolvable features are about 47 km., or 29 miles accross. Mottling in the bright southern hemisphere may be the result of topography, if Triton's crust is predominently water ice, which is rigid at Triton's surface temperature. Alternatively, the mottling could be due to markings on a smooth surface, if the crust is composed of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, or methane ice, since they are soft at the same temperature.
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) being transferred from the Vertical Assembly Test Area (VATA) to the High Bay at the Lockheed assembly plant in preparation for transport to the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) after final testing and verification.
Ames Facility Aerials: NFAC complex N-221, N-222, N-223 visitors center with U-2 on static display
(PCG) Protein Crystal Growth Gamma-Interferon. Stimulates the body's immune system and is used clinically in the treatment of cancer. Potential as an anti-tumor agent against solid tumors as well as leukemia's and lymphomas. It has additional utility as an anti-ineffective agent, including antiviral, anti-bacterial, and anti-parasitic activities. Principal Investigator on STS-26 was Charles Bugg.
F/A-18 (F-18) outside the 80x120ft w.t. inlet (it will be loaded in the tunnel for testing)
Ejector System in FML (Fluid Mechanics Lab)
S89-36956 (16 June 1989) --- A replica of the plaque left on the moon by the Apollo 16 crew.
S89-25326 (11 Jan 1989) --- Five astronauts field questions from the news media, as they interrupt a busy training schedule in preparation for NASA's STS-29 mission in mid-March. Left to right on the dais are Astronauts James P. Bagian, James F. Buchli, Robert C. Springer, John E. Blaha and Michael L. Coats. Coats is mission commander. Jeffrey E. Carr of the Media Services Branch of JSC's Public Affairs Office, is at far right.
STS028-S-007 (8 Aug 1989) --- Columbia is pictured just prior to clearing the tower at Launch Pad 39-B. The spacecraft renews flight after a period of three and a half years, this time with five crewmembers aboard for STS-28. Onboard the spacecraft are Astronauts Brewster H. Shaw Jr., Richard N. Richards, David C. Leestma, James C. Adamson and Mark N. Brown. The last time Columbia was in space was in January of 1986.
Photo by Dunn camera system Turbulence Physics in Numerical Simulated Boundary Layer - ER-2 simulated flight graphics
S89-29371 (19 March 1989) --- Astronaut Brewster H. Shaw, Jr.
S89-41096 (15 July 1989) --- The space shuttle Columbia was rolled to Launch Pad 39B on July 15 in preparation for its September 1989 Department of Defense (DOD)-devoted mission.
STS030-21-008 (4-8 May 1989) --- A traditional in-space crew portrait for STS-30 aboard the Atlantis. Astronaut Mary L. Cleave is in front. Others pictured, left to right, are astronauts Norman E. Thagard, Ronald J. Grabe, David M. Walker and Mark C. Lee. An automatic, pre-set 35mm camera using color negative film recorded the scene.
Ames Facility Aerials: N-217
Labeled line drawing entitled GALILEO PROBE identifies the deceleration module aft cover, descent module, and deceleration module aeroshell configurations and dimensions prior to and during entry into Jupiter's atmosphere.
Ames Facility Aerials: N-254 and N-249
STS033-S-003 (22 Nov 1989) --- The Space Shuttle Discovery heads for Earth-orbit on the first post-Challenger nocturnal launch. Liftoff occurred at 7:23:29:989 p.m. (EST), November 22, 1989. This picture shows almost a full front view of the Space Shuttle Discovery, its two Solid Rocket Boosters (SRB) and the External Tank (ET). Onboard for the Department of the Defense (DOD) devoted mission were astronauts Frederick D. Gregory, John E. Blaha, F. Story Musgrave, Kathryn C. Thornton and Manley L. Carter.
SL-J Space Shuttle Frog Embryology Experiment (FEU) flight hardware
On August 8, 1989, the 4th mission dedicated to the Department of Defense (DOD), STS-28, lifted off from Kennedy Space Center’s (KSC) launch pad 39B. The five day mission included a crew of five: Richard N. (Dick) Richards, pilot; Brewster H. Shaw, commander; and mission specialists David C. Leestma, Mark N. Brown, and James C. (Jim) Adamson.
Arctic Ozone Expedition Stavanger Norway: Arlin Carter, NASA Langley Research Center, is shown here with colleague during flight collecting data on the laser ozone mapping experiment. This experiment uses laser beams to determine the extent of column ozone above the DC-8 flying laboratory on which the laser experiment flys.
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - Kennedy Space Center Director Forrest McCartney listens to NASA Administrator Dr. James Fletcher say his goodbyes to Kennedy Space Center upon his announced retirement from NASA's top position. Photo credit: NASA
P-34714 This image of the south polar terrain of Triton reveals about 50 dark plumes or 'wind streaks' on the icy surface. The plumes originate at very dark spots generally a few miles in diameter and some are more than 100 miles long. The spots which clearly mark the source of the dark material may be vents where gas has erupted from beneath the surface and carried dark particles into Triton's nitrogen atmosphere. Southwesterly winds then transported the erupted particles, which formed gradually thinning deposits to the northeast of most vents. It is possible that the eruptions have been driven by seasonal heating of very shallow subsurface deposits of volatiles, and the winds transporting particles similiarly may be seasonal winds. The polar terrain, upon which the dark streaks have been deposited, is a region of bright materials mottled with irregular, somewhat dark patches. The pattern of irregular patches suggests that they may correspond to lag deposits of moderately dark material that cap the bright ice over the polar terrain.
STS029-78-019 (13 March 1989) --- Headed on its way to a much higher orbit is another Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-D), as photographed with a 70mm camera from inside Discovery's cabin. Moments earlier, the STS-29 crewmembers released the cylindrical form into space from Discovery's cargo bay. When at its final destination high above Earth, TDRS-D will no longer maintain its cylindrical form, having transformed into an operational satellite with antenna spanned out in various directions and its Interim Upper Stage (IUS), covered with gold foil and forward-most in this frame, discarded.
P-34689 Range : 130,000 km. ( 80,000 miles ) Smallest Resolvable Feature : 2.5 km or 1.5 miles This image of Neptune's moon Triton, shot by Voyager 2, is seen here. The long linear feature exteding vertically across the image is probably a graben -- a norrow down-dropped fault block about 35 km. or 20 miles across. The ridge in the center of the graben. The surrounding terrain is a relatively young icy surface with few impact craters.
Ames aerial: Hangar 1, N-211 Hangar, N-243 & N-243A, N-239, N-213, N-212
As one of the best ever views of the city of New Orleans, LA (30.0N, 90.0W) from space, this image allows the study of the city and the region in minute detail. Major city street and highway patterns can easily be traced. Even the Superdome near the old French Quarter can be seen as a large round white circle near the middle of the photo. The French Napoleonic Code land distribution system of long narrow fields fronting the river is also evident.
This illustration depicts a side view of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The HST is the product of a partnership between NASA, European Space Agency Contractors, and the international community of astronomers. It is named after Edwin P. Hubble, an American Astronomer who discovered the expanding nature of the universe and was the first to realize the true nature of galaxies. The purpose of the HST, the most complex and sensitive optical telescope ever made, is to study the cosmos from a low-Earth orbit. By placing the telescope in space, astronomers are able to collect data that is free of the Earth's atmosphere. The HST detects objects 25 times fainter than the dimmest objects seen from Earth and provides astronomers with an observable universe 250 times larger than visible from ground-based telescopes, perhaps as far away as 14 billion light-years. The HST views galaxies, stars, planets, comets, possibly other solar systems, and even unusual phenomena such as quasars, with 10 times the clarity of ground-based telescopes. The major elements of the HST are the Optical Telescope Assembly (OTA), the Support System Module (SSM), and the Scientific Instruments (SI). The HST is approximately the size of a railroad car, with two cylinders joined together and wrapped in a silvery reflective heat shield blanket. Wing-like solar arrays extend horizontally from each side of these cylinders, and dish-shaped anternas extend above and below the body of the telescope. The HST was deployed from the Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-31 mission) into Earth orbit in April 1990. The Marshall Space Flight Center had responsibility for design, development, and construction of the HST. The Perkin-Elmer Corporation, in Danbury, Connecticut, developed the optical system and guidance sensors. The Lockheed Missile and Space Company of Sunnyvale, California produced the protective outer shroud and spacecraft systems, and assembled and tested the finished telescope.
The crew of space shuttle mission STS-29 took this photograph of Florida, including a view of Brevard County, as the orbiter passed 184 miles above the state.
S89-28112 (3 Feb 1989) --- The Space Shuttle Discovery, atop a mobile launch platform, is rolled toward Kennedy Space Center's Launch Pad 39-B in the early morning hours of Feb. 3, l989. It rolled through the doors of the huge vehicle assembly building (VAB) at 6 a.m. The trip to the pad takes approximately 5 and 1/2 hours. Onboard the spacecraft in mid-March for a five-day mission, on which will be deployed a third tracking and data relay satellite (TDRS-D), will be Astronauts Michael L. Coats, John E. Blaha, James F. Buchli, James P. Bagian and Robert C. Springer.
Testing of the Solar Dynamic Collector for Space Freedom. The solar dynamic power system includes a solar concentrator, which collects sunlight; a receiver, which accepts and stores the concentrated solar energy and transfers this energy to a gas; a Brayton turbine, alternator, and compressor unit, which generates electric power; and a radiator, which rejects waste heat.
SL-J Space Shuttle Frog Embryology Experiment (FEU) flight hardware
SL-J Space Shuttle Frog Embryology Experiment (FEU) flight hardware
S89-25243 (6 Jan. 1989) --- Astronaut James P. Bagian, mission specialist.
STS030-S-004 (8 May 1989) --- JSC Officials monitor early moments of NASA's STS-30 Atlantis, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104, flight in the Flight Control Room (FCR) of JSC's Mission Control Center (MCC) Bldg 30. At the Mission Operations Directorate (MOD) console, MOD Director Eugene F. Kranz (foreground), studiously reviews data on a nearby monitor. Others in the photo are (left to right) Flight Directors Office Deputy Chief Lawrence S. Bourgeois, JSC Director Aaron Cohen, and Flight Crew Operations Deputy Director Henry W. Hartsfield, Jr. Kranz'z replete loose-leaf notebook, bearing the insignia of the flight control team members (MOD insignia), is in the foreground.
At the Kennedy Space Center's (KSC's) Spacecraft and Assembly Encapsulation Facility 2 (SAEF-2), the planetary spacecraft checkout facility, clean-suited technicians work on the Galileo spacecraft prior to moving it to the Vehicle Processing Facility (VPF) for mating with the inertial upper stage (IUS). Galileo is scheduled for launch aboard Atlantis, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104, on Space Shuttle Mission STS-34 in October 1989. It will be sent to the planet Jupiter, a journey which will taken more than six years to complete. In December 1995 as the two and one half ton spacecraft orbits Jupiter with its ten scientific instruments, a probe will be released to parachute into the Jovian atmosphere. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) manages the Galileo project. View provided by KSC.
STS029-71-026 (13 March 1989) --- The Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-D) is tilted in the cargo bay prior to its release via a remote system on Discovery's flight deck. This photographic frame was among NASA's third STS-29 photo release. Monday, March 20, 1989. Crewmembers were Astronauts Michael L. Coats, John E. Blaha, James F. Buchli, Robert C. Springer and James P. Bagian.
P-34648 This photograph of Neptune was reconstructed from two images taken by Voyager 2's narrow angle camera, through the green and clear filters. the image shows three of the features that Voyager 2 has been photographing during recent weeks. At the north ( top ) is the Great Dark Spot, accompanied by bright, white clouds that undergo rapid changes in appearance. to the south of the Great Dark Spot is the bright feature that Voyager scientists have nicknamed 'Scooter.' Still farther south is the feature called ' Dark Spot 2,' which has a bright core. Each feature moves eastward at a different at a different velocity, so it is only occasionally that they appear close to each other, such as at the time this picture was taken.
STS030-S-118 (8 May 1989 ) --- The landing phase of the space shuttle Atlantis is monitored by three flight directors in the Flight Control Room (FCR) of the Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Mission Control Center (MCC). Studying the data at the Flight Director Console are Ronald D. Dittemore, Alan L. (Lee) Briscoe and N. Wayne Hale. Moments earlier, Atlantis touched down on Runway 22 at Edwards Air Force Bakse (Note monitor).
STS030-S-108 (4 May 1989) --- Backdropped against slight gray Florida skies, Space Shuttle Atlantis heads for a four-day mission in earth orbit with five astronaut crewmembers aboard. Onboard were astronauts David. M. Walker, Ronald J. Grabe, Norman E. Thagard, Mary L. Cleave and Mark C. Lee. Launch occurred at 2:46:58 P.M. (EDT), May 4, 1989.
Ames Facility Aerials: N-237
S89-39624 (3 July 1989) --- Following rollover from the Orbiter Processing Facility, the orbiter Columbia is prepared for mating with the ET/SRB stack in the Vehicle Assembly Building transfer aisle as work continues toward an early August launch of Space Shuttle Mission STS-28. STS-28 is a Department of Defense dedicated mission. Crew members for the mission are: Commander Brewster H. Shaw, Pilot Richard N. Richards, and Mission Specialists Mark N. Brown, James C. Adamson, and David C. Leestma.
Artist concept shows Galileo spacecraft while still approaching Jupiter having a satellite encounter. Galileo is flying about 600 miles above Io's volcano-torn surface, twenty times closer than the closest flyby altitude of Voyager in 1979.
This 1989 artist's rendering shows how a Shuttle-C would look during launch. As envisioned by Marshall Space Flight Center plarners, the Shuttle-C would be an unmanned heavy-lift cargo vehicle derived from Space Shuttle elements. The vehicle would utilize the basic Shuttle propulsion units (Solid Rocket Boosters, Space Shuttle Main Engine, External Tank), but would replace the Orbiter with an unmanned Shuttle-C Cargo Element (SCE). The SCE would have a payload bay lenght of eighty-two feet, compared to sixty feet for the Orbiter cargo bay, and would be able to deliver 170,000 pound payloads to low Earth orbit, more than three times the Orbiter's capacity.
The STS-30 mission launched aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis on May 4, 1989 at 2:46:59pm (EDT) carrying a crew of five. Aboard were Ronald J. Grabe, pilot; David M. Walker, commander; and mission specialists Norman E. Thagard, Mary L. Cleave, and Mark C. Lee. The primary payload for the mission was the Magellan/Venus Radar mapper spacecraft and attached Inertial Upper Stage (IUS).
Ames Aerials: N-221B 80x120ft w.t. leg
Voyager 2 was the first spacecraft to observe the planet Neptune and its two satellites: Triton, the largest, and Nereid. The most obvious feature of the planet is its blue color, the result of methane in the atmosphere. Research continues on Neptune's two largest satellites and the additional six that were discovered by Voyager 2's investigation. These images represent the most complete set of full disk Neptune images that the spacecraft will acquire.
AMES FACILITY AERIALS - N-262
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- At the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, the Hubble Space Telescope is lifted into the vertical position in the Vertical Processing Facility as work begins to process the 94-inch primary mirror telescope for launch on the Discovery on STS-31 in March 1990. With Hubble, astronomers will be able to view 97 percent of the known universe, and will be able to get pictures unlimited and undistorted by the Earth’s atmosphere. Compared with Earth-based observatories, Hubble will be able to view celestial objects that are 50 times fainter, provide images that are 10 times sharper, and see objects that are seven times further away. Photo Credit: NASA
Range : 190,000 km ( 118,000 mi.) This false color image of Triton is a composite of images taken through the violet, green and ultraviolet filters. The smallest visible features are about 4 km (2.5 mi.) across. The image shows a geologic boundary between completely dark materials and patchy light/dark materials. A layer of pinkish material stretches across the center of the image. The pinkish layer must be thin because underlying albedo patterns show through. Several features appear to be affected by the thin atmosphere; the elongated dark streaks may represent particulate materials blown in the same direction by previaling winds, and the white material may be frost deposits. Other features appear to be volcanic deposits including the smooth, dark materials alongside the long, narrow canyons. The streaks themselves appear to originate from very small circular sources, some of which are white, like the source of the prominent streak near the center of the image. The sources may be small volcanic vents with fumarolic-like activity. The colors may be due to irradiated methane, which is pink to red, and nitrogen, which is white.
STS030-S-132 (8 May 1989) --- Crewmembers who spent just over four full days in space aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis egress their temporary home for a welcome meeting with terra firma. Pictured, from bottom of steps to top, are astronauts David M. Walker, Ronald J. Grabe, Norman E. Thagard, Mary L. Cleave and Mark C. Lee. Minutes earlier, the spacecraft?s landing gear came to a stop at 12:44:33 P.M. (PDT), 8 May 1989. It landed on runway 22, a concrete facility, like a number of other NASA flights. Still others have landed on unpaved dry lakebed stripes.
P-34690 Field of View : 1,000 km. or 600 miles This photograph of Neptune's moon Triton was acquired by Voyager 2. Triton's limb cuts obliquely accross the middle of the image. Three irregular dark areas, surrounded by brighter material, dominate the image. Low-lying material with intermediate albedo occupies the central area, anf fresh craters occur along the right margin. sub-parallel alignment of linear patches of dark material shown in the lower and left part of the image suggests that the patches are structurally controlled.
Bell Boeing (Military) Tilt Rotor V-22 Osprey hovering at Bell Boeing Helicopter, Arlington TX
STS028-S-008 (8 Aug 1989) --- A side view shows Columbia clearing the launch tower during the STS-28 liftoff. Columbia renews spaceflight after a period of three and a half years, this time with five crewmembers aboard for a DOD-devoted mission. Onboard the spacecraft are Astronauts Brewster H. Shaw Jr., Richard N. Richards, David C. Leestma, James C. Adamson and Mark N. Brown. The last time Columbia was in space was in January of 1986.
The primary payload for Space Shuttle Mission STS-35, launched December 2, 1990, was the ASTRO-1 Observatory. Designed for round the clock observation of the celestial sphere in ultraviolet and X-ray astronomy, ASTRO-1 featured a collection of four telescopes: the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT); the Wisconsin Ultraviolet Photo- Polarimeter Experiment (WUPPE); the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UIT); and the Broad Band X-ray Telescope (BBXRT). Ultraviolet telescopes mounted on Spacelab elements in cargo bay were to be operated in shifts by flight crew. Loss of both data display units (used for pointing telescopes and operating experiments) during mission impacted crew-aiming procedures and forced ground teams at Marshall Space Flight Center to aim ultraviolet telescopes with fine-tuning by flight crew. BBXRT, also mounted in cargo bay, was directed from outset by ground-based operators at Goddard Space Flight Center. This is the logo or emblem that was designed to represent the ASTRO-1 payload.
P-34712 Range: 1.1 million kilometers (683,000 miles) This wide-angle Voyager 2 image, taken through the camera's clear filter, is the first to show Neptune's rings in detail. The two main rings, about 53,000 km (33,000 miles) and 63,000 km (39,000 miles) from Neptune, are 5 to 10 times brighter than in earlier images. The difference is due to lighting and viewing geometry. In approach images, the rings were seen in light scattered backward toward the spacecraft at a 15° phase angle. However, this image was taken at a 135° phase angle as Voyager left the planet. That geometry is ideal for detecting microscopic particles that forward scatter light preferentially. The fact that Neptune's rings are so much brighter at that angle means the particle-size distribution is quite different from most of Uranus' and Saturn's rings, which contain fewer dust-size grains. However, a few componenets of the Saturian and Uranian ring systems exhibit forward-scattering behavior: The F ring and the Encke Gap ringlet at Saturn and 1986U1R at Uranus. They are also narrow, clumpy ringlets with kinks, and are associated with nearby moonlets too small to detect directly. In this image, the main clumpy arc, composed of three features each about 6 to 8 degrees long, is clearly seen. Exposure time for this image was 111 seconds.
STS028-S-001 (8 Aug 1989) --- The five astronaut crewmembers for STS-28 leave the operations and checkout building to board a transfer van en route to Launch Complex 39 for a date with Columbia. Front to back are Brewster H. Shaw Jr., Richard N. Richards, David C. Leestma, James C. Adamson and Mark N. Brown. At the rear of the line are Astronaut Michael L. Coats, acting chief of the astronaut office; and Donald R. Puddy, director of flight crew operations at JSC. Coats later flew a NASA Shuttle training aircraft for pre-launch and launch monitoring activities.
Composite Art Electro Explusive Separation System (EESS) showing where application would be most effective for deicing and anti-icing
P-34681 Range: 870,000 kilometers (540,000 miles) This image of Neptune's irregularly-shaped satellite 1989N1 taken by Voyager 2 shows a resolution of 8 kilometers (5 miles) per pixel. The satellite has an average radius of about 200 kilometers (120 miles) and is uniformly dark with an albedo of about 6 percent. The irregular shape suggests that 1989N1 has been cold and rigid throughout its history and subject to significant impact cratering.
KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is lifted into the vertical position in the Vertical Processing Facility as work begins at KSC to process the 94-inch primary mirror telescope for launch on Discovery on Space Shuttle Mission STS-31 in March 1990. With HST, astronomers will be able to view 97 percent of the known universe, and will be able to get pictures unlimited and undistorted by the Earth's atmosphere. Compared with earth-based observatories, the HST will be able to view celestial objects that are 50 times fainter, provide images that are 10 times sharper, and see objects that are seven times farther away. .
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – Following the rollover from the OPF, the orbiter Columbia is prepared for mating with the ET/SRB stack in the VAB. Columbia is scheduled for launch in late July 1989. Photo credit: NASA
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - Roy Tharpe, president of Space Gateway Support at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Photo credit: NASA
P-34666 This false color photograph of Neptune was reconstructed from two images taken by Voyager 2's wide angle camera, through the orange and two different methane filters. Objects that deep in the atmosphere are blue, while those at higher altitudes are white. Light at methane wavelengths is mostly absorbed in the deeper atmosphere. The bright, white feature is a high altitude cloud just south of the Great dark Spot. The hard, sharp inner boundary within the bright cloud is an artifact of computer processing on Earth. Other, smaller clouds associated with the Great Dark Spot are white or pink, and are also at high altitudes. Neptune's limb looks reddish because Voyager 2 is viewing it tangentially, and the sunlight is scattered back to space before it can be absorbed by methane. A long, narrow band of high-altitude clouds near the top of the image is located at 25 degrees north latitude, and faint hazes mark the equator and polor regions
Ames Facility Aerials: N-261 N-262
Five astronauts composed the STS-29 crew. Standing (left ot right) are James P. Bagian, mission specialist 1; Robert C. Springer, mission specialist 3; and James F. (Jim) Buchli, mission specialist 2. Seated (left to right) are John E. Blaha, pilot, and Michael L. Coats, commander. STS-29 launched aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery on March 13, 1989 at 9:57 am (EST). The primary payload was the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite- 4 (TDRS-4).
Five astronauts composed the STS-28 crew. Seated from left to right are Richard N. (Dick) Richards, pilot; Brewster H. Shaw, commander; and David C. Leestma, mission specialist 2. Standing, from left to right , are Mark N. Brown, mission specialist 3; and James C. (Jim) Adamson, mission specialist 1. Launched aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia on August 8, 1989, the STS-28 mission was the 4th mission dedicated to the Department of Defense.
Ames Aerial: N-262 during construction (without roof)
STS030-02-026 (6 May 1989) --- Two helmet-equipped STS-30 mission specialists participate in a 10.2 cabin depress test on mission day three aboard the earth-orbiting space shuttle Atlantis. They are Norman E. Thagard, left, and Mark C. Lee. The scene was made with a 35mm camera on Atlantis' middeck.
Ready for transportation to the Kennedy Space Center, the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is pictured onboard the strongback dolly at the Vertical Processing Facility (VPF) at the Lockheed assembly plant upon completion of final testing and verification.
STS034-44-023 (20 Oct. 1989) --- The Southern Lights or Aurora Australis were photographed by the STS-34 crewmembers aboard the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Atlantis. From the Shuttle astronauts can photograph expanses of auroras, an advantage over scientists on Earth who can only get small sections at a time in a frame of photography. The space position allows for large-scale changes. This scene was one of 26 shown to the press by the five STS-34 crewmembers at their post-flight press conference.
S89-41091 (18 July 1989) --- During the Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT), STS-28 crew members are assisted with suiting up in the Operations and Checkout Building prior to departing for pad 39-B. STS-28 and the Space Shuttle Columbia are scheduled to be launched in early August on a Department of Defense dedicated mission. The crew for STS-28 are Commander Brewster H. Shaw; Pilot Richard N. Richards; and Mission Specialists Mark N. Brown, James C. Adamson, and David C. Leestma.
Ames Facility Aerials - High Pressure Tanks, N-250A and N-250
Range : 5.4 million km (3.3 million miles) Features as small as 100 km (62 miles) across can be seen in this color image of Neptune's satellite Triton, photographed by Voyager 2. Triton's overall pinkish color may be due to reddish materials produced by irradiation of methane gas and ice on the satellite. The dark areas near the top of the image seem to be part of a belt of dark markings observed near Trition's equator at different longitudes. Generally, darker areas on Triton appear to be somewhat redder in color than brighter areas. The central longitude in the image is 123 degrees. Here the south pole is at about 6 o'clock, approximately 1/6th of the way up from the bottom. The color image was made from three black-and-white frames, taken through clear, violet and green filters.