STS071-758-009 (27 June - 7 July 1995) --- Astronaut Bonnie J. Dunbar, mission specialist, floats about in the Spacelab Science Module as astronaut Norman E. Thagard looks on. Thagard, Mir-18 guest cosmonaut researcher, had completed four months in space aboard Russia's Mir Space Station. When this photograph was taken he was undergoing a battery of tests and data collection exercises on Spacelab, onboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis. Dunbar had served as his Mir-18 backup, during a year's training in Russia.
STS069-715-086 (16 September 1995) --- Astronaut James S. Voss, payload commander, is pictured during the September 16, 1995, Extravehicular Activity (EVA) which was conducted in and around Space Shuttle Endeavour's cargo bay. Voss, whose visor reflects Endeavour's forward section, was standing on a mobile foot restraint attached to the arm of the Remote Manipulator System (RMS). Voss is holding a camera, which he used to record some of the EVA, as well as snapshots of Endeavour's cabin. Evaluations for Space Station-era tools and various elements of the space suits were performed by Voss and his space walking crewmate, astronaut Michael L. Gernhardt, mission specialist.
S95-12703 (May 1995) --- Astronauts Koichi Wakata (left) and Daniel T. Barry check the settings on a 35mm camera during an STS-72 training session. Wakata is a mission specialist, representing Japan's National Space Development Agency (NASDA) and Barry is a United States astronaut assigned as mission specialist for the same mission. The two are on the aft flight deck of the fixed base Shuttle Mission Simulator (SMS) at the Johnson Space Center (JSC).
Air Traffic Control Center, Longmont, Colorado showing evaluation demonistrations of Ames CTAS System
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) image of Space Shuttle Pressure Flow using Virtual Wind Tunnel
S95-15847 (26 July 1995) --- Wearing a training version of the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) space suit, astronaut Mario Runco Jr., mission specialist, prepares to participate in an underwater rehearsal of a contingency Extravehicular Activity (EVA). This type of training routinely takes place in the 25-feet deep pool of the Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Weightless Environment Training Center (WET-F). The training prepares at least two crew members on each flight for procedures to follow outside the spacecraft in event of failure of remote methods to perform various chores.
Astronaut Kathryn C. Thornton, payload commander, works at the Drop Physics Module (DPM) on the portside of the science module supporting the U.S. Microgravity Laboratory (USML-2). Astronaut Kerneth D. Bowersox, mission commander, looks on.
STS073-E-5081 (30 Oct. 1995) --- The port of the Queen Mary ocean liner is near bottom right center in this Electronic Still Camera (ESC) view. The scene covers from Redondo Beach on the left to Seal Beach on the right; from San Pedro at bottom to the Torrance-Gardena area at top.
STS073-101-018 (20 October-5 November 1995) --- Payload specialist Fred W. Leslie maneuvers his body to a position conducive to research at the Crystal Growth Furnace (CGF) aboard the science module in the cargo bay of the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Columbia. Crystallization has been discovered to be more effectively studied in the weightless environment of space than on Earth, because the gravity-induced phenomena that obscure or change the process or change the process are greatly reduced or eliminated. Leslie was joined by a second guest researcher and five NASA astronauts for 16 full days of in-space research in support of the United States Microgravity Laboratory (USML-2) mission.
S95-09157 (27 Apr. 1995) --- Payload specialist Fred W. Leslie has just translated from the top of a Shuttle mockup-trainer using a Sky-genie device during emergency egress training with his six STS-73 crew mates. He is assisted here by Scott Gill, a member of the STS-73 training staff. The seven will fly aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia later this year to support the United States Microgravity Laboratory (USML-2) mission.
The crew assigned to the STS-71 mission included (front left to right) Vladimir N. Dezhurov, Mir 18 crew download; Robert L. Gibson, commander; and Anatoly Y. Solovyev, Mir 19 crew upload. On the back row, left to right, are Norman E. Thagard, Mir 18 crew download; Gennadiy Strelalov, Mir 18 crew download; Gregory J. Harbaugh, mission specialist; Ellen S. Baker, mission specialist; Charles J. Precourt, pilot; Bonnie J. Dunbar, mission specialist; and Nikolai Budarin, Mir 19 crew upload. Launched aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis on June 27, 1995 at 3:32:19.044 pm (EDT), the STS-71 mission marked many firsts in human space flight history. It was the first U.S. Space Shuttle-Russian Space Station Mir docking and joint on-orbit operations, and the first on-orbit change out of a shuttle crew. In addition, it was the largest spacecraft ever in orbit and was the 100th U.S. human space launch conducted from the Cape.
STS074-361-035 (12-20 Nov 1995) --- This medium close-up view centers on the IMAX Cargo Bay Camera (ICBC) and its associated IMAX Camera Container Equipment (ICCE) at its position in the cargo bay of the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Atlantis. With its own ?space suit? or protective covering to protect it from the rigors of space, this version of the IMAX was able to record scenes not accessible with the in-cabin cameras. For docking and undocking activities involving Russia?s Mir Space Station and the Space Shuttle Atlantis, the camera joined a variety of in-cabin camera hardware in recording the historical events. IMAX?s secondary objectives were to film Earth views. The IMAX project is a collaboration between NASA, the Smithsonian Institution?s National Air and Space Museum (NASM), IMAX Systems Corporation, and the Lockheed Corporation to document significant space activities and promote NASA?s educational goals using the IMAX film medium.
STS071-122-013 (27 June-7 July 1995) --- Inside the space shuttle Atlantis' Spacelab Science Module, the crewmembers of STS-71, Mir-18 and Mir-19 pose for the traditional inflight portrait. For individual identification, hold picture vertically with socked feet of Anatoly Y. Solovyev at bottom center. Clockwise from Solovyev are astronauts Gregory J. Harbaugh, Robert L. Gibson, Charles J. Precourt, Nikolai M. Budarin, Ellen S. Baker, Bonnie J. Dunbar, Norman E. Thagard, and cosmonauts Gennadiy M. Strekalov (at angle) and Vladimir N. Dezhurov.
STS073-356-018 (20 October - 5 November 1995) --- Astronaut Kent V. Rominger, pilot, demonstrates an age-old trash-compacting method on the middeck of the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Columbia. Following a meal, Rominger had collected the residue wrappers, etc. and filled a plastic bag. Following his compacting maneuvers, Rominger went on to deposit the sack into a temporary trash-stowage area beneath the middeck. Making his first flight into space, Rominger joined four other NASA astronauts and two guest researchers for more than two weeks' research in support of the United States Microgravity Laboratory (USML-2) mission.
This is a view of the Russian Mir Space Station photographed by a crewmember of the second Shuttle/Mir docking mission, STS-74. The image shows: top - Progress supply vehicle, Kvant-1 module, and the Core module; middle left - Spektr module; middle center - Kristall module and Docking module; middle right - Kvant-2 module; and bottom - Soyuz. The Progress was an unmarned, automated version of the Soyuz crew transfer vehicle, designed to resupply the Mir. The Kvant-1 provided research in the physics of galaxies, quasars, and neutron stars by measuring electromagnetic spectra and x-ray emissions. The Core module served as the heart of the space station and contained the primary living and working areas, life support, and power, as well as the main computer, communications, and control equipment. The Spektr module provided Earth observation. It also supported research into biotechnology, life sciences, materials science, and space technologies. American astronauts used the Spektr as their living quarters. A main purpose of the Kristall module was to develop biological and materials production technologies in the space environment. The Docking module made it possible for the Space Shuttle to dock easily with the Mir. Kvant-2 was a scientific and airlock module, providing biological research, Earth observations, and EVA (extravehicular activity) capability. The Soyuz typically ferried three crewmembers to and from the Mir. The journey of the 15-year-old Russian Mir Space Station ended March 23, 2001, as the Mir re-entered the Earth's atmosphere and fell into the south Pacific Ocean.
Artist's concept for Phase III of the International Space Station (ISS) as shown here in its completed and fully operational state with elements from the United States, Europe, Canada, Japan, and Russia. Sixteen countries are cooperating to provide a multidisciplinary laboratory, technology test bed, and observatory that will provide an unprecedented undertaking in scientific, technological, and international experimentation.
STS074-714-002 (12-20 Nov 1995) --- The late fall season is tell-tale in this nadir view of Calgary, Alberta, Canada as photographed from the Space Shuttle Atlantis. The ground cover makes it easier to identify geographic and man-made features in the scene. A gateway to the Canadian Rocky Mountains (lower left corner of the photo), Calgary, with a 1994 population listed at 710,677 is noted for its livestock and summer rodeos. It is located on the Bow River, easily traced as it meanders through the city. The Calgary International Airport is easily seen north east of the city.
STS073-E-5099 (30 Oct. 1995) --- The entire coast of Massachusetts can be seen, from Martha's Vineyard and Buzzard's Bay in the foreground past the Boston metropolitan region. The frame was exposed with the Electronic Still Camera (ESC).
STS069-715-050 (7-18 September 1995) --- The STS-69 crewmembers take a moment from a busy flight to pose for the traditional in-flight crew portrait on the middeck of the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Endeavour. Left to right on the front row are astronauts Kenneth D. Cockrell, pilot; and David M. Walker, mission commander. Left to right on the back row are astronauts James S. Voss (payload commander), Michael L. Gernhardt and James H. Newman, all mission specialists. Endeavour with a five-member crew, launched on September 7, 1995, from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). The mission ended September 18, 1995, with a successful landing on Runway 33 at KSC.
Six astronauts composed the crew for the STS-72 mission that launched aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour on January 11, 1996. Astronauts Brian Duffy (right front) and Brent W. Jett (left front) are mission commander and pilot, respectively. Mission specialists (back row, left to right) are Winston E. Scott, Leroy Chiao, Koichi Wakata, and Daniel T. Barry. Wakata is an international mission specialist representing Japan’s National Space Development Agency (NASDA) based at the Johnson Space Center (JSC). Mission objectives included the retrieval of the Japanese Space Flyer Unit (SFU), and the deployment of the Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology-Flyer (OAST-Flyer).
Dr. Albert Sacco with Glovebox
NM18-303-025 (March-July 1995) --- Onboard Mir’s base block module, cosmonaut Gennadiy M. Strekalov finds a rare moment of relaxation. At a July 18 press conference in Houston, Strekalov told reporters the guitar had been aboard the Space Station for several years.
STS067-371-028 (2-18 March 1995) --- This 35mm lunar-illuminated scene of the Astro-2 payload in the Space Shuttle Endeavour's cargo bay was recorded by one of by the seven crew members during one of the many night passes of the almost 17-day mission. The cluster of telescopes and the Instrument Pointing System (IPS) are backdropped against the blue and white Earth and the darkness of space. What is believed to be the Constellation Orion is visible at upper center.
STS063-712-017 (6 Feb. 1995) --- Russia's Mir Space Station during rendezvous operations with the Space Shuttle Discovery. Docked at the bottom of the Mir facility is a Soyuz spacecraft. On the opposite end (almost cropped out of frame at top) is a Progress spacecraft. Onboard the Space Shuttle Discovery were astronauts James D. Wetherbee, mission commander; Eileen M. Collins, pilot; Bernard A. Harris, Jr., payload commander; C. Michael Foale and Janice E. Voss, mission specialists; along with cosmonaut Vladimir G. Titov, mission specialist.
STS063-312-020 (3-11 Feb. 1995) --- Astronaut Eileen M. Collins, pilot, at the pilot's station during "hotfiring" procedure to clear leaking thruster prior to rendezvous with Russia's Mir Space Station. Others onboard the Space Shuttle Discovery were astronauts James D. Wetherbee, mission commander; Bernard A. Harris, Jr., payload commander; mission specialists C. Michael Foale and Janice E. Voss, and cosmonaut Vladimir G. Titov. This is one of 16 still photographs released by the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) Public Affairs Office (PAO) on February 14, 1995.
Attired in a training version of the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) space suit, astronaut and mission specialist Kalpana Chawla, prepares to go underwater in the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) near Johnson Space Center. This particular training was in preparation for the STS-87 mission. The Space Shuttle Columbia (STS-87) was the fourth flight of the United States Microgravity Payload (USMP-4) and Spartan-201 satellite, both managed by scientists and engineers from the Marshall Space Flight Center.
STS063-708-095 (6 Feb 1995) --- Cumulus and other clouds over the ocean form the backdrop for this scene of Russia's Mir space station during rendezvous operations by the Space Shuttle Discovery and Mir. This photograph was taken as the Discovery was firing its Reaction Control Subsystem (RCS) thrusters to separate from Mir's proximity. Onboard the Discovery were astronauts James D. Wetherbee, mission commander; Eileen M. Collins, pilot; Bernard A. Harris Jr., payload commander; mission specialists Janice Voss and C. Michael Foale; along with Russian cosmonaut Vladimir G. Titov. EDITOR'S NOTE: This 70mm handheld Hasselblad frame has been cropped to enlarge Mir.
JOHNSON SPACE CENTER, HOUSTON, TEXAS -- (JSC 595-14660) -- Official portrait of astronaut James H. Newman, Mission Specialist
STS073-108-005 (20 October-5 November 1995) --- Two members of the crew perform an in-flight maintenance on the Drop Physics Module (DPM) in the science module aboard the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Columbia. Payload commander Kathryn C. Thornton and payload specialist Albert Sacco Jr. were part of a seven-member crew that spent 16 full days in space in support of the United States Microgravity Laboratory (USML-2) mission.
New renovated NASA Ames Research Center 12ft Pressure Wind Tunnel view of control room benchboard operations with tunnel control screen (computer system)
STS070-334-031 (13-22 JULY 1995) --- Astronaut Kevin R. Kregel demonstrates the new shuttle sleep restraints on the space shuttle Discovery?s middeck. During an August 11, 1995, post flight presentation to fellow employees at the Johnson Space Center (JSC), the STS-70 pilot discussed features of the device and lauded its ability to add comfort for crew members.
The right wing of the X-31 Enhanced Fighter Maneuverability Technology Demonstrator Aircraft is seen here being put into a shipping container May 18, 1995, at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California, by U.S. and German members of the program. To fit inside an Air Force Reserve C-5 transport, which was used to ferry the X-31 to Europe on May 22, 1995, the right wing had to be removed. Manching, Germany, was used as a staging base to prepare the aircraft for participation in the Paris Air Show. At the air show on June 11 through the 18th, the X-31 demonstrated the value of using thrust vectoring (directing engine exhaust flow) coupled with advanced flight control systems to provide controlled flight at very high angles of attack. The aircraft arrived back at Edwards in an Air Force Reserve C-5 on June 25, 1995, and off loaded at Dryden the 27th. The X-31 aircraft was developed jointly by Rockwell International's North American Aircraft Division (now part of Boeing) and Daimler-Benz Aerospace (formerly Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm), under sponsorship by the U.S. Department of Defense and the German Federal Ministry of Defense.
STS073-E-5274 (3 Nov. 1995) --- Colima was photographed with a color Electronic Still Camera (ESC) onboard the Earth-orbiting space shuttle Columbia. The volcano lies due south of Guadalajara and Lake Chapala. It is considered to be one of Mexico's most active and most dangerous volcanoes, lying not far from heavily populated areas.
This fish-eye view of the Russian Mir Space Station was photographed by a crewmember of the STS-74 mission after the separation. The image shows the installed Docking Module at bottom. The Docking Module was delivered and installed, making it possible for the Space Shuttle to dock easily with Mir. The Orbiter Atlantis delivered water, supplies, and equipment, including two new solar arrays to upgrade the Mir; and returned to Earth with experiment samples, equipment for repair and analysis, and products manufactured on the Station. Mir was constructed in orbit by cornecting different modules, each launched separately from 1986 to 1996, providing a large and livable scientific laboratory in space. The 100-ton Mir was as big as six school buses and commonly housed three crewmembers. Mir was continuously occupied, except for two short periods, and hosted international scientists and American astronauts until August 1999. The journey of the 15-year-old Russian Mir Space Station ended March 23, 2001, as Mir re-entered the Earth's atmosphere and fell into the south Pacific ocean. STS-74 was the second Space Shuttle/Mir docking mission launched on November 12, 1995, and landed at the Kennedy Space Center on November 20, 1995.
STS073-E-5082 (30 Oct. 1995) --- The United States Naval Air Station at San Diego is near left center in this Electronic Still Camera (ESC) view. Also seen are the nearby United States Naval Reservation and the Coronado Amphibious Base. The United States - Mexico border is just out of view at bottom right edge of the frame.
STS073-353-010 (20 October - 5 November 1995) --- Payload specialist Albert Sacco Jr. checks out the Zeolite Crystal Growth (ZCG) on the middeck of the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Columbia. ZCG evaluated Zeolite crystallization and growth in the microgravity environment aboard Columbia in order to achieve high yields of large, nearly perfect crystals in space. Zeolites are complex arrangements of silica and alumina that occur naturally as well as synthetically.
STS071-741-004 (27 June-7 July 1995) --- Docked already with Russia's Mir Space Station and backdropped against a half globe of Earth featuring the Crimean Peninsula, the space shuttle Atlantis is partially visible through a window on the Kvant 2 Module. A 70mm camera, carried into space by the STS-71 crew aboard the space shuttle Atlantis, was used to expose the image. The crew cabin and forward cargo bay of Atlantis are most prominent. Below center can be seen the Androgynous Peripheral Docking System (APDS) and the Kristall Module on Mir. The APDS is connected to a port in a tunnel leading to the Spacelab Science Module in Atlantis' cargo bay. The linkup enabled the seven STS-71 crew members to visit Mir and it allowed the three Mir-18 crew members, in space since March of this year, access to Spacelab. That module was quite busy with tests and data collection involving the three, Mir-18 crew, until Atlantis brought them home on July 7, 1995. The Black Sea lies directly beneath Atlantis, with Ukraine's diamond-shaped Crimean Peninsula immediately to the right of the cockpit. The wide lower course of the Dnepr River can be seen entering the Black Sea at far right. The coast of Romania and Bulgaria lies at a point where the cloud begins at top right. The peninsula of Asia Minor lies across the left of the view, mostly under cloud cover. The Mediterranean Sea is the cloud-free, blue mass beyond. Still further, at about 1,300 miles distance, the north edge of Africa is stretched out as a line across the horizon with its characteristic sandy color. The nose of Atlantis points southwest toward the only outlet of the Black Sea known as the Bosporus.
NM18-309-028 (28 June 1995) --- The Space Shuttle Atlantis approaches the docking node on the Kristall module of Russia's Mir Space Station. The photograph was taken by one of the Mir-18 crew members aboard Mir prior to docking of the two spacecraft. The Spacelab science module and the tunnel connecting it to the crew cabin, as well as the added mechanism for interface with the Mir's docking system can be easily seen.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) image of Space Shuttle Pressure Flow using Virtual Wind Tunnel
DISTILLATION COLUMN
STS067-713-072 (2-18 March 1995) --- This 70mm cargo bay scene, backdropped against a desert area of Namibia, typifies the view that daily greeted the Astro-2 crew members during their almost 17-days aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour. Positioned on the Spacelab pallet amidst other hardware, the Astro-2 payload is in its operational mode. Visible here are the Instrument Pointing System (IPS), Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT), Star Tracker (ST), Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UIT), Wisconsin Ultraviolet Photo-Polarimeter Experiment (WUPPE), and Integrated Radiator System (IRS). At this angle, the Optical Sensor Package (OPS) is not seen. The Igloo, which supports the package of experiments, is in center foreground. Two Get-Away Special (GAS) canisters are in lower left foreground. The Extended Duration Orbiter (EDO) pallet, located aft of the cargo bay, is obscured by the Astro-2 payload. The Endeavour was 190 nautical miles above Earth.
STS074-332-029 (15 Nov 1995) --- A 35mm camera aimed through the Space Shuttle Atlantis? aft windows captured rendezvous and docking operations with the Space Shuttle Atlantis and Russia?s Mir Space Station in Earth-orbit. The new Docking Module (DM), carried into space by the Atlantis is about to contact Kristall on the cluster of Mir components. The flight began with a November 12, 1995, launch from Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and ended with landing there on November 20, 1995. The crew members were astronauts Kenneth D. Cameron, mission commander; James D. Halsell, Jr., pilot; William S. McArthur, Jr., Jerry L. Ross and Canadian astronaut Chris A. Hadfield, all mission specialists. The Mir-20 crew is composed of cosmonauts Yuriy P. Gidzenko, commander; and Sergei V. Avdeyev, engineer; along with the European Space Agency?s (ESA) Thomas Reiter, cosmonaut researcher. Joint activities on the Mir and the Space Shuttle Atlantis ended on November 18, 1995, when the two spacecraft separated.
JOHNSON SPACE CENTER, HOUSTON, TEXAS. -- (JSC 596-00265) -- Official portrait of astronaut Jerry L. Ross, mission specialist
This computer generated scene of the International Space Station (ISS) represents the first addition of hardware following the completion of Phase II. The 8-A Phase shows the addition of the S-9 truss.
STS073-E-5311 (3 Nov. 1995) --- Astronaut Kathryn C. Thornton, STS-73 payload commander, works at the Drop Physics Module (DPM) on the portside of the science module supporting the U.S. Microgravity Laboratory (USML-2). Astronaut Kenneth D. Bowersox, mission commander, looks on. Five NASA astronauts and two payload specialists are in the last few days of a scheduled 16-day mission. This frame was exposed with the Electronic Still Camera (ESC).
STS071-S-003 (27 June 1995) --- At the Kennedy Space Center's (KSC) Launch Pad 39A, the 100th United States human space launch gets underway at 3:32:19 p.m. (EDT) on June 27, 1995. Onboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis are five NASA astronauts and two Russian cosmonauts. In two days, the crew will join up with astronaut Norman E. Thagard and two Russian cosmonauts who have been onboard Russia's Mir Space Station since March of this year. That pair - Vladimir N. Dezhurov and Gennadiy M. Strekalov - will return to Earth aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis with Thagard and the short-term United States visitors, while Anatoly Y. Solovyev and Nikolai M. Budarin - the two cosmonauts launched today aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis - will remain aboard Mir for a longer tour of duty.
STS071-117-032 (4 July 1995) --- In the docking vestibule of Russia's Mir Space Station, cosmonauts Anatoly Y. Solovyev, Mir-19 commander, and Nikolai M. Budarin, Mir-19 flight engineer, smile at the departing Space Shuttle Atlantis STS-71 crew prior to hatch closing. Later, the two manned the Soyuz vehicle as it was temporarily moved from the Mir complex for Atlantis' undocking.
STS073-706-012 (22 October 1995) --- Each of the great bridges spanning San Francisco Bay are captured in this near-nadir photo of the San Francisco and Oakland, California, areas. Starting from the south (left in this photo), Dumbarton, San Mateo, Bay, Golden Gate, and San Rafael bridges are seen. Ribbons of run-off induced sediments color the bay, and multi-colored salt-production pens line the southernmost shore.
DISTILLATION COLUMN
DC-9 AIRPLANE FLYING OVER CLEVELAND OHIO SEPTEMBER 23 1994
STS073-E-5135 (26 Oct. 1995) --- Baseball caps from the two 1995 World Series representative franchises float near the cabin windows of the Earth-orbiting space shuttle Columbia, with the Earth in the background. The American League champion Cleveland Indians and their National League counterpart Atlanta Braves were engaged in a scheduled best-of-seven World Series throughout the first portion of the scheduled 16-day mission in space. Off-duty crewmembers came out of a rest period to set up the scene in tribute to the October classic. The crew will continue working in shifts around the clock on a diverse assortment of United States Microgravity Laboratory (USML-2) experiments located in the science module. Fields of study include fluid physics, materials science, biotechnology, combustion science and commercial space processing technologies. The frame was exposed with an Electronic Still Camera (ESC).
S95-21276 (September 1995) --- Astronaut Linda M. Godwin, mission specialist, is briefed on the Mobile Foot Restraint (MFR) to be used in a scheduled Extravehicular Activity (EVA) during the March mission. Astronaut Ronald M. Sega, mission specialist, looks on. Astronaut Michael R. (Rich) Clifford, mission specialist, who will join Godwin on the EVA, is out of frame. Godwin and Clifford checked out the hardware before donning training versions of the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) spacesuit (see torso piece in background) in preparation for being submerged in a 25-feet deep pool at the Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Weightless Environment Training Facility (WET-F).
Interface Configuration Experiment on the Second United States Microgravity Laboratory (USML-2). Over time the photos show a change in the shape of the interface between a liquid and a gas in a sealed, slightly asymmetrical container. Under the force of Earth's gravity, the interface would remain nearly flat, but in microgravity, the interface shape and location changes significantly in the container, resulting in major shifts of liquid arising from small asymmetries in the container shape.
JOHNSON SPACE CENTER, HOUSTON, TEXAS -- (JSC 595-06514) -- Official portrait of astronaut Nancy J. Currie, Mission Specialist
STS073-E-5098 (30 Oct. 1995) --- Long Island, New York stretches across the scene. The New York City metropolitan complex is at the left; Central Park can be seen as a dark rectangle between the Hudson and East Rivers. Sandy beaches of the Long Island barrier islands mark the boundary between Atlantic Ocean and quiet lagoons and marshes. The frame was exposed with the Electronic Still Camera (ESC).
STS073-229-014 (20 October - 5 November 1995) --- Astronauts Kathryn C. Thornton, STS-73 payload commander, and Kenneth D. Bowersox, mission commander, observe a liquid drop's activity at the Drop Physics Module (DPM) in the science module aboard the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Columbia. The drop is partially visible at the center of the left edge of the frame. The two were joined by three other NASA astronauts and two guest researchers for almost 16-days of in-orbit research in support of the U.S. Microgravity Laboratory (USML-2) mission.
STS073-105-011 (20 October-5 November 1995) --- Astronaut Catherine G. Coleman, STS-73 mission specialist, settles in for a session of work at the glovebox on the starboard side of the United States Microgravity Laboratory (USML-2) module. Coleman was joined by four other NASA astronauts and two guest researchers for almost 16 days of research aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia in Earth-orbit.
STS073-725-031 (24 October 1995) --- The contrasting colors of fall in New England are captured on this northward-looking photo of Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket Island, and the famous hook-shaped Cape Cod. Light-colored patches of urbanization are scattered throughout the scene, the most evident being the greater Boston area along the shores of Massachusetts Bay. The cape is composed of rock debris that, according to NASA scientists studying Columbia's photo collection, was deposited along the end of glacier some 20,000 years ago.
S74-E-5117 (15 Nov 1995) --- Following the successful in-space docking of Russia?s Mir Space Station and the Space Shuttle Atlantis, STS-74 and Mir-20 crew members pose for a group portrait aboard the Mir Space Station?s Base Block. Wearing the two-tone shirts are the five STS-74 crew members - Kenneth D. Cameron, from the left, James D. Halsell, Jr., Chris A. Hadfield, William S. McArthur, Jr. and Jerry L. Ross. The Mir-20 crew members are, left to right, cosmonaut Sergei V. Avdeyev, the European Space Agency?s (ESA) Thomas Reiter and cosmonaut Yuriy P. Gidzenko. This image was among a series of still images downlinked and released by NASA on November 15, 1995.
S95-09153 (27 Apr. 1995) --- Astronaut Kenneth D. Bowersox has just translated from the top of a Shuttle mockup-trainer using a Sky-genie device during emergency egress training with his six STS-73 crew mates. He is assisted here by Scott Gill, a member of the STS-73 training staff. The seven will fly aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia later this year to support the United States Microgravity Laboratory (USML-2) mission.
STS071-741-057 (27 June-7 July 1995) --- Docked already with Russia's Mir Space Station, the space shuttle Atlantis' aft cargo bay and Spacelab science module are visible through a window on the Mir Space Station. A 70mm camera, carried into space by the STS-71 crew aboard Atlantis, was used to expose the image. The linkup enabled the seven STS-71 crew members to visit Mir and it allowed the three Mir-18 crew members, in space since March of this year, access to Spacelab. That module was quite busy with tests and data collection involving the three until Atlantis brought them home on July 7, 1995.
S95-04325 (22 March 1995) --- In keeping with Russian tradition, astronaut Bonnie J. Dunbar (left), STS-71 mission specialist, signs the diary of the late Yuriy A. Gagarin, the first Russian cosmonaut, as her STS-71 crew mates look on. Cosmonauts Anatoliy Y. Solovyov (center), Mir 19 mission commander, and Nikiolai M. Budarin, flight engineer, have been training with Dunbar in both the United States and Russia for the past several months. It is customary for each crew member about to aboard a Russian spacecraft to sign the diary. Dunbar has been in Russia training as alternate researcher for the Mir 18 mission.
STS074-S-022 (20 Nov 1995) --- The drag chute of the Space Shuttle Atlantis is deployed as the space vehicle touches down on Runway 33 of Kennedy Space Center?s (KSC) Shuttle Landing Facility, completing its STS-74 mission. The main gear touched down at 12:01:27 p.m. (EST), November 20, 1995.
S95-21279 (September 1995) --- Astronaut Michael R. (Rich) Clifford, mission specialist, checks his gloves before being submerged in a 25-feet deep pool at the Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Weightless Environment Training Facility (WET-F). Wearing high fidelity training versions of the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) spacesuit, both Clifford and Linda M. Godwin were later simulating Extravehicular Activity (EVA) chores in the pool. Launch aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis is scheduled for March of 1996.
DCAM, developed by MSFC, grows crystals by the dialysis and liquid-liquid diffusion methods. In both methods, protein crystal growth is induced by changing conditions in the protein. In dialysis, a semipermeable membrane retains the protein solution in one compartment, while allowing molecules of precipitant to pass freely through the membrane from an adjacent compartment. As the precipitant concentration increases within the protein compartment, crystallization begins. In liquid-liquid diffusion, a protein solution and a precipitant solution are layered in a container and allowed to diffuse into each other. This leads to conditions which may induce crystallization of the protein. Liquid-liquid diffusion is difficult on Earth because density and temperature differences cause the solutions to mix rapidly.
Link Trainer - Blue Box. Historical (1910's) at NASA Ames Research Center N-257 Crew Vehicle Systems Research Facility (CVSRF) Simulator.
S95-16674 (14 July 1995) --- On the left is the Mir-21 crew consisting of cosmonaut Yuriy V. Usachov (standing), flight engineer; Yuriy I. Onufriyenko (seated), commander; and Shannon W. Lucid, cosmonaut guest researcher. On the right side is the Mir-23 crew consisting of John E. Blaha (standing), cosmonaut guest researcher; Vasili V. Tsibliyev (seated), commander; and Aleksandr I. Lazutkin, flight engineer. NASA astronauts Lucid and Blaha each will go into space to board Russia's Mir Space Station for lengthy research on their respective missions. Lucid will board the Mir during the STS-76 mission. Blaha will replace Lucid onboard the Mir during the STS-79 mission.
S95-17156 (24 Aug. 1995) --- Payload specialist Fred Leslie prepares to take a familiarization flight in the rear station of a T-38 jet trainer aircraft, based at Ellington Field, near the Johnson Space Center (JSC). Leslie was named last year as one of seven crew members for the U.S. Microgravity Laboratory (USML-2) mission.
S95-21471 (December 1995) --- Cosmonaut Gennadiy M. Manakov, Mir-22 commander
STS071-741-091 (27 June-7 July 1995) --- This wide-angle view shows Russia's Mir Space Station backdropped against much of south-central Brazil (an area of more than 600 miles is represented from left edge to right). The area covers from the rainforest of Amazonia at top left, to the undeveloped swamplands of the Pantanal at bottom left in a lighter shade of green, to the Parana, running southward to Argentina down the right side of the view. Brown colors all around Mir indicate agricultural lands: brown and red colors are the colors of tropical soils which underlie the region and are visible because some soils have been exposed by plowing. Brasilia, the capital district of Brazil, is not visible in this view but lies near the light blue lake top right in the headwaters of the Parana River.
STS063-314-005 (9 Feb 1995) --- Astronaut's C. Michael Foale, mission specialist, (left) and Bernard A. Harris Jr., payload commander, prepare suits prior to their Extravehicular Activity (EVA). This is one of 16 still photographs released by the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) Public Affairs Office (PAO) on February 14, 1995. Others onboard the Space Shuttle Discovery were astronauts James D. Wetherbee, mission commander; Eileen M. Collins, pilot; mission specialists Janice E. Voss, and cosmonaut Vladimir G. Titov representing the Russian Space Agency (RSA).
Astronaut Wendy B. Lawrence, flight engineer and mission specialist for STS-67, scribbles notes on the margin of a checklist while monitoring an experiment on the Space Shuttle Endeavour's mid-deck. The experiment is the Protein Crystal Growth (PCG), which takes up locker space near the Commercial Materials Dispersion Apparatus Instruments Technology Associates Experiment (CMIX).
KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- STS-71: Atlantis
STS071-112-004 (27 June - 7 July 1995) --- Astronaut Norman E. Thagard, displays the flight suit he wore onboard Russia's Mir Space Station during a four month tour of duty as cosmonaut researcher for Mir-18. Thagard is seen in the Spacelab Science Module onboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis, in which he eventually underwent a battery of data collection tests.
S95-15563 (18 July 1995) --- Astronaut Carl E. Walz, mission specialist.
S95-22116 (15 Nov 1995) --- The Space Shuttle Atlantis has completed its successful docking with the Russia's Mir Space Station. The STS-74 crew members inside Atlantis' cabin are making preparations to meet with the Mir-20 crew members. During the STS-74 mission, the crew used an IMAX camera to document the Space Shuttle Atlantis' rendezvous and docking with the Mir Space Station. The 65mm camera system was located in the Atlantis' cargo bay and provided a unique fish-eye perspective. These images were selected from footage that will be incorporated in a large-format feature film about NASA's cooperative program with the Russians. NASA has flown IMAX camera systems on many Shuttle missions, including the recent STS-63 Shuttle-Mir rendezvous and STS-71 Shuttle-Mir docking. Film from previous missions was used to create the productions The Dream is Alive, The Blue Planet, and Destiny in Space.
Christine Darden Speaker of the Year presented by Center Director Paul Holloway
S95-21280 (September 1995) --- Astronaut Linda M. Godwin, mission specialist, checks communications systems before being submerged in a 25-feet deep pool at the Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Weightless Environment Training Facility (WET-F). Wearing high fidelity training versions of the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) spacesuit, both Godwin and Michael R. (Rich) Clifford were later simulating Extravehicular Activity (EVA) chores in the pool. Launch aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis is scheduled for March of 1996.
KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- STS-69: Endeavour
In this photograph, Sandra Rossi user her NASA-developed prosthesis for the first time. Derived from foam insulation technology used to protect the Space Shuttle External Tank from excessive heat, FAB/CAD, a subsidiary of the Harshberger Prosthetic and Orthotic Center, utilized the technology to replace the heavy, fragile plaster they used to produce master molds for prosthetics. The new material was lighter, cheaper and easier to manufacture than plaster, resulting in lower costs to the customer.
NM18-309-026 (28 June 1995) --- The Space Shuttle Atlantis approaches the docking node on the Kristall module of Russia's Mir Space Station. The photograph was taken by one of the Mir-18 crew members aboard Mir prior to rendezvous and docking of the two spacecraft. The Spacelab Science Module and the tunnel connecting it to the crew cabin, as well as the added mechanism for interface with the Mir's docking system can be easily seen.
The reflection of the Atlas IIAS expendable launch vehicle with the Solar Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) inside its payload fairing can be seen on the surface of a retention pond at Launch Pad 36B on Cape Canaveral Air Station just hours before liftoff. SOHO is a cooperative effort involving NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA) within the framework of the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics Program. During its 2-year mission, the SOHO spacecraft will gather data on the internal structure of the Sun, its extensive outer atmosphere and the origin of the solar wind.
STS069-S-001 (May 1995) --- Designed by the crew members, the patch for STS-69 symbolizes the multifaceted nature of the flight's mission. The primary payload, Wake Shield Facility (WSF), is represented in the center by the astronaut emblem against a flat disk. The astronaut emblem also signifies the importance of human beings in space exploration, reflected by the planned spacewalk supporting space station assembly. The two stylized space shuttles highlight the ascent and entry phases of the mission. Along with the two spiral plumes, the stylized space shuttles symbolize a NASA first - the deployment and recovery on the same mission of two spacecraft (both the Wake Shield Facility and the Spartan). The constellations Canis Major and Canis Minor represent the astronomy objectives of the Spartan and International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker (IEH) payload. The two constellations also symbolize the talents and dedication of the support personnel who make space shuttle missions possible. The NASA insignia design for space shuttle flights is reserved for use by the astronauts and for other official use as the NASA Administrator may authorize. Public availability has been approved only in the forms of illustrations by the various news media. When and if there is any change in this policy, which is not anticipated, the change will be publicly announced. Photo credit: NASA
STS074-344-003 (12-20 Nov 1995) --- Astronaut Chris A. Hadfield makes his way among supplies and docking hardware onboard Russia?s Mir Space Station. With five NASA astronauts aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis, the flight began with a November 12, 1995, launch from Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and ended with landing there on November 20, 1995. The STS-74 crew members were astronauts Kenneth D. Cameron, mission commander; James D. Halsell Jr., pilot; William S. McArthur Jr., Jerry L. Ross and Canadian astronaut Hadfield, all mission specialists. On November 15, 1995, the Space Shuttle Atlantis docked with Russia?s Mir Space Station, on which the NASA astronauts joined the Mir-20 crew. The Mir-20 crew is composed of cosmonauts Yuriy P. Gidzenko, commander; and Sergei V. Avdeyev, engineer; along with the European Space Agency?s (ESA) Thomas Reiter, cosmonaut researcher. Joint activities on the Mir Space Station and the Space Shuttle Atlantis ended on November 18, 1995, when the two spacecraft separated.
Created from a 1/16th model of a German World War II tank, the TAV (Tire Assault Vehicle) was an important safety feature for the Convair 990 Landing System Research Aircraft, which tested space shuttle tires. It was imperative to know the extreme conditions the shuttle tires could tolerate at landing without putting the shuttle and its crew at risk. In addition, the CV990 was able to land repeatedly to test the tires. The TAV was built from a kit and modified into a radio controlled, video-equipped machine to drill holes in aircraft test tires that were in imminent danger of exploding because of one or more conditions: high air pressure, high temperatures, and cord wear. An exploding test tire releases energy equivalent to two and one-half sticks of dynamite and can cause severe injuries to anyone within 50 ft. of the explosion, as well as ear injury - possibly permanent hearing loss - to anyone within 100 ft. The degree of danger is also determined by the temperature pressure and cord wear of a test tire. The TAV was developed by David Carrott, a PRC employee under contract to NASA.
STS074-S-025 (20 Nov 1995) --- The Space Shuttle Atlantis touches down on Runway 33 of Kennedy Space Center?s (KSC) Shuttle Landing Facility, completing its STS-74 mission. The spacecraft touched down at 12:01:27 p.m. (EST), November 20, 1995.
S95-21468 (August 1995) --- Portrait of astronaut John E. Blaha, who will go into space in 1996 to spend time aboard Russia's Mir Space Station as a cosmonaut researcher
N-243 NASA Ames VMS (Vertical Motion simulator) S-Cab: HSCT (High Speed Civil Transport) Simulation Throttles
Dr Murial Ross's Virtual Reality Application for Neuroscience Research Biocomputation. To study human disorders of balance and space motion sickness. Shown here is a 3D reconstruction of a nerve ending in inner ear, nature's wiring of balance organs.
STS071-701-064 (29 June 1995) --- Russia's Kvant 2 portion of the Mir Space Station is backdropped against the darkness of space, as photographed from the approaching space shuttle Atlantis on June 29, 1995. Cosmonaut Vladimir N. Dezhurov, Mir-18 mission commander, can be seen aiming a camera through a port hole at center frame. Norman E. Thagard, Mir-18 cosmonaut researcher, aims a camera through a smaller window. Five NASA astronauts and two cosmonauts were onboard Atlantis as it approached the Mir, which has been home for the three-member Mir-18 crew since March of this year.
Astronaut Joe Lindquist and Kate Rupley conduct underwater testing on the International Space Station's power module in Marshall's Neutral Buoyancy Simulator (NBS).
The Solar Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) is launched atop an ATLAS-IIAS expendable launch vehicle. Liftoff from launch complex 36B at Cape Canaveral Air Station marked the 10th Atlas launch from the Eastern range for 1995. SOHO is a cooperative effort involving NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA) within the framework of the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics Program. During its 2-year mission, the SOHO spacecraft gathered data on the internal structure of the Sun, its extensive outer atmosphere and the origin of the solar wind.
Visit by the Dalai Lama and tour of the Space Station mockup in Bldg 9 with astronauts Dan Bursch and Tom Jones. Inside the space station mockup (17339-41). Walking outside the mockups (17342-5). Group portrait of tour group (17346).
KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Co-located on the Kennedy Space Center is the Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, one of the finest refuges in the world. Here, birds, amphibians, mammals and other wild creatures thrive in a multitude of habitats untouched by the human hand. The refuge is living proof that high technology and nature can successfully co-exist. Photo credit: NASA
A nearly vertical view of Disappointment Reach and surroundings. Ripple-like patterns extending at right angles to the tidal flow can be discerned on shoals. Relict sand dune patterns, crests unvegetated, are evident on the western side of the estuary. Red mud brought down the Mooramel River on the east side of the estuary does extend into the shallow water of the inter-tidal lagoons. Most of the light-colored water along the coast, represents shoals of lime sediment. Patterns of sediment distribution by tides, waves, streams, and wind combine to create a complex and colorful scene.
STS069-723-072 (11 September 1995) --- Prior to being released by Space Shuttle Endeavour's Remote Manipulator System (RMS) for a period of time, the Wake Shield Facility (WSF) is backdropped against the darkness of space over a blue and white Earth. The picture was taken shortly after midnight Houston time on September 11, 1995. The Endeavour, with a five-member crew, launched on September 7, 1995, from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and ended its mission there on September 18, 1995, with a successful landing on Runway 33. The multifaceted mission carried a crew of astronauts David M. Walker, mission commander; Kenneth D. Cockrell, pilot; and James S. Voss (payload commander), James H. Newman and Michael L. Gernhardt, all mission specialists.
A pigment (phthalocyanine) is studied at the Marshall Materials and Processes Lab. The pigment has the ability to protect spacecraft against the harmful effects of the Sun's ultraviolet rays, and to increase the efficiency and life of solar cells.
Astronaut Jeff Hoffman conducts Hubble Space Telescope training in Marshall's Neutral Buoyancy Simulator (NBS)
Astronaut Kalpana Chawla, mission specialist.
STS069-714-046 (16 Sept. 1995) --- Astronaut Michael L. Gernhardt, STS-69 mission specialist, is pictured during the Sept. 16, 1995, Extravehicular Activity (EVA) which was conducted in and around space shuttle Endeavour's cargo bay. Gernhardt, whose visor reflects Endeavour's forward section, was standing on a mobile foot restraint attached to the arm of the Remote Manipulator System (RMS). Unlike earlier spacewalking astronauts, Gernhardt was able to use an Electronic Cuff Checklist (ECC), forerunner for Space Station. Evaluations for Space Station-era tools and various elements of the spacesuits were performed by Gernhardt and his spacewalking crewmate, astronaut James S. Voss, payload commander.